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1、English-Chinese TranslationEnglish-Chinese TranslationLecturerLecturer：TracyTracy (童洁萍)Chapter 5:Addition(Chapter 5:Addition(增补法)vPart 1:IntroductionPart 1:IntroductionvPart 2:Structural Addition(Part 2:Structural Addition(结构性增补)vPart 3:Semantic Addition(Part 3:Semantic Addition(语义性增补)vPart 4:Rhetor
2、ical Addition(Part 4:Rhetorical Addition(修辞性增补)vPart 5:AssignmentsPart 5:Assignments Introduction IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionvAddition meansAddition means supplying necessary words in supplying necessary words in translationtranslation,making the version grammat,making the version grammati
3、ically cally correct,semantically clear,rhetcorrect,semantically clear,rheto orically sound,rically sound,logically acceptable,and culturally appropriate.logically acceptable,and culturally appropriate.Words thus supplied must be indispensable Words thus supplied must be indispensable syntactically,
4、semantically,stylistically,and syntactically,semantically,stylistically,and contextually.contextually.vpresidential historianpresidential historianv总统的历史学家v研究总统的历史学家vFor mistakes had been made,bad ones,he was For mistakes had been made,bad ones,he was severely criticized.severely criticized.v因为已经犯了错
5、误，很严重，他受到了严厉的批评。v因为已经犯了错误，而且是很严重的错误，所以他受到了严厉的批评。5.1 5.1 Structural Addition(Structural Addition(结结构性增构性增补补)vWhat is omitted or unnecessary in English maybe What is omitted or unnecessary in English maybe indispensible in Chinese,or vice versa.indispensible in Chinese,or vice versa.ve.g.e.g.vAdding w
6、ords which indicate the tenseAdding words which indicate the tense vI had believed that it was an accident,but it seems not.I had believed that it was an accident,but it seems not.v我本以为是起事故，但现在看来不是。vauxiliary words which indicate the tone(auxiliary words which indicate the tone(语气助词)vDont take it so
7、 seriously.I just make fun of you.Dont take it so seriously.I just make fun of you.v不要当真嘛！我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了。vAs for me,I have nothing to say.As for me,I have nothing to say.v我呢，也没有什么可说的了。vAdding quantifiersAdding quantifiersvA red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.v
8、一轮红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。vAdding words which indicate the plural formAdding words which indicate the plural form vEvery summer,tourists go to the coastal cities.Every summer,tourists go to the coastal cities.v一到夏季，旅游者纷纷涌到海滨城市。vThe lion is the king of animals.The lion is the king of animals.v狮子是百兽之王。vBetter b
9、e wise by the defeatBetter be wise by the defeat of others than by your of others than by your own.own.v从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训要好得多。v以人为镜,可以知得失。v意思是说把别人的成败得失作为自己的借鉴。v（唐太宗：人以铜为镜，可以正衣冠，以古为镜，可以见兴替，以人为镜，可以知得失.）5.1.1 Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original5.1.1 Supplying words omitted or s
10、ubstituted in the originalvThe villagers are as ready to look after her as they The villagers are as ready to look after her as they were their own daughter.were their own daughter.v村民们愿意照顾她，正如他们愿意照顾他们自己的女儿一样。vReading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;andReading maketh a full man;conference a
11、 ready man;and writing an exact writing an exact man.man.(Of StudiesOf Studies by Francis Bacon)by Francis Bacon)vMakethMaketh（An archaic word for“make”)An archaic word for“make”)vFull:perfect.e.g.get a full marks Full:perfect.e.g.get a full marks 得满分；a full member a full member 正式成员vConference:disc
12、ussionConference:discussionvReady:Ready:准备；乐意的，e.g.,a ready helper e.g.,a ready helper 乐于助人者；the ability to the ability to think quicklythink quickly快的，迅捷的；机灵的，e.g.to give a ready replye.g.to give a ready reply脱口而出的答案 vexact here means careful and thorough in what one does exact here means careful a
13、nd thorough in what one does 严谨的,精密的,e.g.,be exact in ones statement or words e.g.,be exact in ones statement or words 说话严谨的。v读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，摘记使人严谨。v3.Histories make men wise;poems witty;the mathematics subtle;natural 3.Histories make men wise;poems witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy dee
14、p;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.(philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.(AbeuntAbeunt studiastudia in mores in mores.).)v读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。vAbeuntAbeunt studiastudia in mores:Studies pass into character(Latin)in mores:Studies pass in
15、to character(Latin)凡有所学，皆成性格。5.1.2 Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of 5.1.2 Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the T.T.the T.T.vLife insurance premiums increase with the age of the insured.v人寿保险的保费随被保险人年龄的增加而提高。vThey build roads,houses,bridges,ships,pipeli
16、nes They build roads,houses,bridges,ships,pipelines and canals.and canals.v他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。5.2 Semantic Addition5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns(category words)5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns(category words)vIn E-C translation,it is necessary to supply supplementary nouns when translati
17、ng English abstract nouns derived from verbs or adjectives.vto develop 发展 development 发展水平（情况）vTo prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作vEmergent 紧急的 emergency 紧急情况vTense 紧张的 tension 紧张局势5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns(category words)5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns(category words)vThey are sanguine abo
18、ut building up a near peace.v他们对建立一种准和平局面非常乐观。vIn the summer of 1969,the Administration publically urged an easing of tension with China.v1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。vThe fighters are able to cope with various emergency.v这些战士们能对付各种各样的紧急情况。5.2.2 Supplying supplementary verbs to explain the meaning 5.2.2
19、 Supplying supplementary verbs to explain the meaning of nounsof nounsvIm really busy this morning:2 classes,a meeting,and an interview.v我今天上午的确很忙，要上两节课，开一个会，还要接受一个采访。vThere were no speeches,no foreign diplomats,no “ordinary Chinese”with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.v没有人发表演说，没有外国外交官到场，也没有中国群众
20、挥舞纸旗、花束的场景。vAfter the banquets,the concerts,and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.v参加完宴会，出席过音乐会，观看了乒乓球表演赛之后，他还得起草最后公报。5.2.3 supplying summarizing words5.2.3 supplying summarizing wordsvsummarizing wordssummarizing words：words like words like 这，那，这一切，所有
21、这些，上述各项，凡此种种，如下事实 （extra-position elementsextra-position elements外位成分）vThe Chinese subject and the predicate will thus be closer and The Chinese subject and the predicate will thus be closer and sentence clearer.(see p134)sentence clearer.(see p134)vE.g.E.g.vThe foreign ministers of China,Russia,Jap
22、an and the U.S.met The foreign ministers of China,Russia,Japan and the U.S.met in Tokyo.in Tokyo.v中、俄、日、美四国外长在东京会晤。vChina is willing to exchange views with any countries,China is willing to exchange views with any countries,politically,culturally and economically.politically,culturally and economica
23、lly.v中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面进行交流。vNote Note that that the the words words“insurance”“insurance”and and“market”“market”require require definition.definition.v注意，“保险”和“市场”这两个词需要定义。5.2.4 supplying illustrative words or expressions 5.2.4 supplying illustrative words or expressions vLe Monde,the BBC,the
24、New York Times,the Le Monde,the BBC,the New York Times,the entire Arab press,all quote entire Arab press,all quote HeikalHeikal regularly at regularly at length.length.v世界报，英国广播公司，纽约时报和整个阿拉伯报界，都经常大段引用海卡尔的话。vThe death of the princess of Wales unleashed The death of the princess of Wales unleashed out
25、pouring of newly-coined honorifics,outpouring of newly-coined honorifics,for instance“a present-day Cinderella whose for instance“a present-day Cinderella whose clock struck midnight all too soon.”clock struck midnight all too soon.”v威尔士王妃戴安娜之死，导致有关她的新敬语如潮水般涌现出来，比如有人说她是“当今灰姑娘，只是午夜的钟声过早敲响”。vIn April,
26、there was the“ping”heard around the In April,there was the“ping”heard around the world.In July,the ping“ponged”.world.In July,the ping“ponged”.v四月份，全世界听到乒的一声；七月里，这乒声乓了一下。v根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为：v四月里，全世界听到中国乒的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国乓的一声把球打了回来。Rhetorical Addition5.3 Rhetorical Addition 5.3 Rhetorical Addition
27、 vdisintegration disintegration v土崩瓦解 ；vloyalty loyalty v赤胆忠心；vtotal exhaustion total exhaustion v筋疲力尽vfar-sightedness far-sightedness v远见卓识vcareful consideration careful consideration v深思熟虑 vfeed on fancies feed on fancies v画饼充饥vwith great eagerness with great eagerness v如饥似渴 vlack of perseverancel
28、ack of perseverancev 三天打鱼，两天晒网 vmake a little contribution make a little contribution v（捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦von the verge of destruction on the verge of destruction v危在旦夕 5.3 Rhetorical Addition5.3 Rhetorical AdditionvAs he sat down and began talking,words poured out.As he sat down and began talking,words pou
29、red out.v他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。vThey were,in fact,very fine ladies;not deficient in They were,in fact,very fine ladies;not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased,nor in the good-humor when they were pleased,nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it;but power of being agreeable whe
30、n they chose it;but proud and conceited.proud and conceited.v事实上，她们都是非常不错的淑女；她们并不是不会谈笑风生，问题在于她们是否高兴；她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于她们是否乐意；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大。vO,Tom O,Tom CantyCanty,born in rags and dirt and misery,what ,born in rags and dirt and misery,what sight is this!sight is this!v啊，汤姆，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是迥然不同了啊
31、！vThey had been through it all at his side-the They had been through it all at his side-the bruising bruising battles,the battles,the humiliationshumiliations of the of the defeat through the defeat through the empty empty 1960s,1960s,until at lastuntil at last in 1980,they were able to savor the sw
32、eet in 1980,they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph.taste of triumph.v他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的厮杀，忍受过辛酸的失败，熬过了一事无成的六十年代，好不容易挨到了19801980年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。vThen Lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruitingThen Lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine,“See,save and serve!Free tour ro
33、utine,“See,save and serve!Free tour too all the too all the ports in the world.A fine ship for a home.Three meals ports in the world.A fine ship for a home.Three meals a day without charge You a day without charge You mustnt let such a golden mustnt let such a golden opportunity slip by.”opportunity
34、 slip by.”v于是，格拉布开始说起招兵的老一套话，“出去见见世面，为自己积攒点钱，又为国家出了力。免费周游世界所有的港口，一艘豪华船胜似家，一日三餐不要钱，千万不要坐失良机呀。“AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentv1.Pre-read chapter 6v2.Translate the following passage:vI will tell you what literature is!No I only wish I could.But I cant.No one can.Gleams can be thrown on the secret,inkli
35、ngs given,but no more.I will try to give you an inkling.And,to do so,I will take you back into your own history,or forward into it.That evening when you went for a walk with your faithful friend,the friend from whom you hid nothing or almost nothing!You were,in truth,somewhat inclined to hide from h
36、im the particular matter which monopolized your mind that evening,but somehow you contrived to get onto to it,drawn by an overpowering fascination.And as your faithful friend was sympathetic and discreet,and flattered you by a respectful curiosity,you proceeded further and further into the said matter,growing more and more confidential,until at last you cried out,in a terrific whisper:“My boy,she is simply miraculous!”At that moment you were in the domain of literature.Thank You!Thank You!Yuexiu University of Foreign languages