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1、Unit 1 Living WellDiscovering useful structuresRevision of the Infinitive动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主语主语 (subject)宾语宾语 (object)表语表语 (predicative)定语定语 (attribute)状语状语 (adverbial)宾补宾补 (object complement)1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people
2、 in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A b
3、ig company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to di
4、sabled people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)1.不定式作主语不定式作主语 To finish this report took him a week.My job is to help the poor person.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语 To see is to believe.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.想一想想一想!主语主语3.All you have to do is(to)finish the job quickly.2.My job is to
5、 help the patients.不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语等后作表语 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do，用作用作 表语的不定式可省略表语的不定式可省略to作表语作表语 To see is to believe.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.作定语作定语 (常常表示将来的动作常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 She was very busy a
6、nd had no time to visit her friends.Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.2.当名词被当名词被the first,the last,the only 等词以及等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时形容词最高级修饰时 eg:She is always the first to come and the last to leave.4.如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词则后面需适当的介词 Please pass me some paper to write_.S
7、he has a nice pen to write _.He bought a flat for the family to live _.5.Do you have a letter to send?Do you have a letter to be sent?你有信要我寄吗？你有信要我寄吗？你有信要寄吗？你有信要寄吗？onwithin3.也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.eg:He spoke loudly(so as/in
8、order)to be heard.作状语作状语1.表示目的表示目的:to/in order to/so as to2.表示原因表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。等。eg:Im glad/pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.3.3.结果状语结果状语:so+adj./adv.+as to
9、do such+adj.+n.+as to do adj./adv.+enough+to do too+adv./adj.+to do We hurried to the station only to find the train had left.He was so foolish as to believe it.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.作宾补作宾补I didnt ask you to
10、 pay for the meal.They have warned us to be careful of rats.不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to“感觉感觉”feel “听听”hear,listen to“使役动词使役动词”have,make,let“看看”see,look at,observe,watch,notice 但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，toto要还原：要还原：1.They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.The boy was seen to fall
11、 suddenly from the tree.2.Mother made John wash the car for a week.John was made to wash the car for a week.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doing形形 式式主主 动动被被 动动to be doneto have been done131.I asked him to attend the meeting.2.He seems to be
12、 reading English poems.3.He is said to have translated the book into English last year.（to attend the meeting 动作发生在动作发生在ask 后后)（seem 和和read 同时发生同时发生,强调动作正在进行）强调动作正在进行）（translate the book 发生在发生在be said 之前）之前）II.用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1.More and more people do not like watching TV;the programs seem _
13、(get)worse all the time.2.The poem is said _ (translate)into many languages in the past decade.3.The flu is believed _(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.to be gettingto have been translatedto be caused4.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu
14、Xiang,who was reported _(break)the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.5.You are said _(write)a new novel these years.Have you finished it?to have been writingto have broken1._ is to lengthen life.(节约节约时间就是延长生命。时间就是延长生命。)2.She is easy _.(她很好她很好相处。相处。)3.When I called him,he happened _.(我给他打电话时我
15、给他打电话时,他正在洗澡。他正在洗澡。)III.根据汉语提示根据汉语提示,用不定式完成下用不定式完成下列句子。列句子。To save timeto get along withto be taking a bath4.The book is said _ _.(据说据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。)5.The experience makes us realize that much of the world remains _.(这次经历使我们意识到世这次经历使我们意识到世界上有很多东西仍有待探索。界上有很多东西仍有待探索。)6.The teacher ask
16、ed us _.(老师叫我们不要如此吵闹。老师叫我们不要如此吵闹。)to have been translated into several languagesto be explorednot to be so noisy The question is very difficult to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.1.主语主语be+adj.+to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人使人疲劳的疲劳的
17、),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2.主语主语+be+adj.+enough+to do The books seemed too heavy to carry.The ice is too thin to skate on.3.主语主语+be +too+adj.+to doafford,agree,appear,arr
18、ange,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,come,consent,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,elect,endeavorThe following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.Remember!expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hesitate hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise refuse
19、,say,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing.avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,cant helpRemember them!The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing or the i
20、nfinitive.love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,startBear them in your mind!动词后面跟动词后面跟V-ing还是还是不定式不定式,含义不含义不相同相同,总的来说总的来说,表示习惯的表示习惯的,一般性的一般性的动作多跟动作多跟V-ing,一次性的具体的被动动一次性的具体的被动动作多跟作多跟不定式不定式。1)I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。我想和你
21、一块儿去。重点重点!I like reading.我喜欢阅读。我喜欢阅读。He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。他答应过要帮助她。We love watching VCD.我们喜欢看我们喜欢看VCD。2)remember,forget,regret后面跟后面跟V-ing时时,表示过去的动作表示过去的动作,后面跟不定式时后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。不定式表示将来的动作。I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。我记得在街上见过他。I remember to write a letter to my pare
22、nts.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。我想起来要给我父母亲写信。4)mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing 意味着意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.5)try to do 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.3 不定式用在介词不定
23、式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep(8)(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,who,which,when,how,whatwhat等连用，。等连用，。He didnt know what
24、to say.他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。(表语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.