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1、(一一)动词的时态动词的时态1一般现在时一般现在时(1)表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、客观表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、客观真理、客观存在、科学事实等。例如：真理、客观存在、科学事实等。例如：My mother works in a bank.Quality comes before quantity.(2)表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。常表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。常用于用于be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，open，close等表示起始的短暂性动词。句子中常有表示等表示起始的短暂性动词。句子中
2、常有表示将来的时间状语。例如：将来的时间状语。例如：The plane leaves at three sharp.(3)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，代替一般将来在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，代替一般将来时。例如：时。例如：I will not go to the countryside if it rains tomorrow.2一般过去时一般过去时(1)表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态或不表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如：或不表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如：I went to the cinema once a w
3、eek when I was at school.(2)表示没有确定的过去时间但实际已发生的动作。表示没有确定的过去时间但实际已发生的动作。有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚刚才、刚刚才、刚刚”发生的，要用一般过去时态。例如：发生的，要用一般过去时态。例如：I didnt know you were so busy.3一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用以下几种形式表示：常用以下几种形式表示：(1)will/shall动词原形动词原形表示客观上将势必发生的事情或临
4、时做出的打算。表示客观上将势必发生的事情或临时做出的打算。例如：例如：He will be twenty years old next year.Where is the dictionary?I will go and get it for you.(2)be going to动词原形动词原形表示主观计划、打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某表示主观计划、打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如：事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.(3)be to do结构结构表示计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即表示计划、约定或按
5、职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。例如：将发生的动作。例如：All the questions are to be answered at once.(4)be about to do结构结构表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与时间状语表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与时间状语连用。连用。Sit down，everyone.The film is about to start.4现在进行时现在进行时(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作或状态、反复发表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作或状态、反复发生或持续存在的动作与状态。例如：生或持续存在的动作与状态。例如：The famous w
6、riter is writing another novel.You are always changing your mind.(2)某些瞬间动词，如某些瞬间动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin，arrive，drive等的进行时可表示将来意义。例如：等的进行时可表示将来意义。例如：I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.表示心理活动、拥有、行为结果、表象、感官的动表示心理活动、拥有、行为结果、表象、感官的动词，如词，如understand，realize，believe，have，own，possess，belong to，seem，lo
7、ok，sound，accept，admit，receive等不能用于进行时态。等不能用于进行时态。5过去进行时过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。例如：表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。例如：I was reading a novel when you called.(2)短暂性动词短暂性动词come，go，start，begin，leave，arrive，get，become等的过去进行时表示从过去某一时刻看将等的过去进行时表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的动作。例如：要发生的动作。例如：She asked him whether he was coming bac
8、k for lunch.(3)过去进行时也可表示现在，使语气更加委婉、客气。过去进行时也可表示现在，使语气更加委婉、客气。例如：例如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift.6现在完成时现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，或过去发生表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，或过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。例如：持续下去。例如：My brother has already finished his homework.(2)在时间或条件等状语从句中，代替将来
9、完成时。例如：在时间或条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时。例如：I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.7过去完成时过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作或状态，或表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作或状态，或从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到过去的另一个时间从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到过去的另一个时间的动作或状态。例如：的动作或状态。例如：Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.(2)动词动词hope，think，expect，intend
10、，mean，suppose，want等的过去完成时可表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。等的过去完成时可表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。例如：例如：I had intended to speak，but time did not permit.8现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并有表示过去某一时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。例如：可能继续持续下去。例如：It has been raining since last night.9过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或过去打算做表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或过去打算做某事。例如：某
11、事。例如：She said her mother would come to see her.I was going to call you when you came in.I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me.10将来完成时将来完成时表示到将来某一时间完成的动作。例如：表示到将来某一时间完成的动作。例如：They will have graduated from senior high school by June next year.11将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或存表示将来某个时间点或
12、时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。例如：在的状态。例如：Andy will be teaching English in Jinan at this time of next month.1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经已经”等等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。例如：词。简言之，利用过去
13、，说明现在。例如：I have already read the novel written by the worldfamous writer.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)(2)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加加“过过”，“了了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。例如：例如：,I read the novel last month.(只说明上个月看了，只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在
14、是否记住不涉及现在是否记住),I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关)2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现完成进行时。一般不能用于进行
15、时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。例如：在完成进行时。例如：I have read that book.我读过那本书了。我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning.我早上一直在读那本书。我早上一直在读那本书。(二二)动词的语态动词的语态 动词的语态用于表达主语和谓语的关系。通常如果动词的语态用于表达主语和谓语的关系。通常如果主语是谓语动作的执行者，谓语就用主动语态，如果主主语是谓语动作的执行者，谓语就用主动语态，如果主语是谓语动作的承受者，就用被动语态。语是谓语动作的承受者，就用被动语态。动词被动语态的构成：动词被动语态的构成：时
16、态时态被被动语态动语态形式形式一般一般现现在在时时am/is/are done一般一般过过去去时时was/were done一般将来一般将来时时will/shall be done过过去将来去将来时时would/should be done现现在在进进行行时时am/is/arebeing done过过去去进进行行时时was/werebeing done现现在完成在完成时时have/has been done过过去完成去完成时时had been done(1)情态动词的被动形式包括：情态动词的被动形式包括：一般式：情态动词一般式：情态动词be done；完成式：情态动词完成式：情态动词have
17、been done。(2)完成进行时没有被动形式。完成进行时没有被动形式。(3)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不及物动词或不及物动词短语(如：如：come true，consist of，happen，take place，become，rise，occur，belong to，break out，appear，arrive，leave，last exist，succeed等等)没有被动语态。没有被动语态。(4)及物动词短语及物动词短语(如：如：take care of，pay attention to，agree on，take part in，take advantage of)可有被动语态，
18、可有被动语态，但应注意不可漏掉句末的介词但应注意不可漏掉句末的介词/副词，例如：副词，例如：She was very pleased to see that all the children were taken good care of.(5)汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。例如：结构表示。例如：It is believed that.It is generally considered that.It is well known that.It must be pointed out that.It is reporte
19、d that.It must be admitted that.It is said that.It is hoped that.It is supposed that(6)下面主动形式常表示被动意义：例如：下面主动形式常表示被动意义：例如：The clothes washes well.The door wont shut.The dish tastes delicious.The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.一、单词填空一、单词填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式
20、填空。)1Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No，I _(do)my homework all day yesterday.(北京高考北京高考)2When you are home，give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.(全国卷全国卷)3The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _(make)(全国卷全国卷)4Linda，make sure the tables _(set)before the
21、 guests arrive.(全国卷全国卷)5Bob would have helped us yesterday，but he _(be)busy.(安徽高考安徽高考)6Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes，since he _(join)the Chinese Society.(宁夏高考宁夏高考)7Teenagers _(damage)their health because they play computer games too much.(重庆高考重庆高考)8I called Hnnah many times yesterday
22、 evening,but I couldnt get through.Her brother _(talk)on the phone all the time！(湖南高考湖南高考)9John promised his doctor he _(not smoke)，and he has not smoked ever since.(北京高考北京高考)10At this time tomorrow，I _(lie)on the beach.11So far this year we_(see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(福
23、建高考福建高考)12The hotel wasnt particularly good.But I _(stay)in many worse hotels.(北京高考北京高考)13We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we _(know)each other for years.(辽宁高考辽宁高考)14Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _(prepare)for it for months.(江江苏高考苏高考)
24、15.The telephone _(ring)，but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.(四川高考四川高考)16Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _(invited)(陕西高考陕西高考)17Whats that noise?Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machine_.(test)(浙江高考浙江高考)18I like these English songs and they_(teach)many times
25、on the radio.(安徽高考安徽高考)19No decision _(make)about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.(北京高考北京高考)20Do you have any problems if you _(offer)this job?Well，Im thinking about the salary.(湖南高考湖南高考)答案：答案：1.was doing2.have arrived3.was to be made4.are set5.was6.joined7.are
26、damaging8.was talking9would not smoke10.will be flying11.have seen12had stayed13.had known14.has been preparing15.was ringing16.was invited17.is being tested18.have been taught19.will be made20.are offered二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 It was getting dark when I 1._(get)home.It was cold and I 2._(wear)a coat.I walked
27、 up to the door and put my land into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldnt it find it.I suddenly remembered that I 3._(leave)it on my desk in the office.It really didnt make any difference.I knew my wife 4._(be)at home and the children must have come back from school by now，so I 5._(knock)at t
28、he door.Therewas no answer.I 6._(continue)knocking at thedoor for some time.I 7._(get)angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8._(tell)me at noon.He said that my wife 9._(phone)saying that she 10._(go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 11._(can do)and I 12._(
29、shut)out of my house.答案：答案：1.got2.was wearing3.had left4.was5.knocked6continued7.was getting8.had told9.had phoned10.would go11.could be done12.would be shut(一一)情态动词情态动词情态动词的基本用法：情态动词的基本用法：情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答can能力能力(体力，智力，技能体力，智力，技能)允允许许或或许许可可(口口语语中常用中常用)可能性可能性(表猜表猜测测，用于否定，用于否定句或疑句或疑问问句中句
30、中)can not/cannot/cant doCan.do.？Yes，.can.No，.cantcouldcouldnt do情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答may 可以可以(问问句中表示句中表示请请求求)可能，或可能，或许许(表推表推测测)祝愿祝愿(用于倒装句中用于倒装句中)may not doMay.do.？Yes，.may.No，.mustnt/cantmightmight not doMight.do.？Yes，.might.No，.might not.情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答must必必须须，应该应该(表主表主观观要求
31、要求)肯定，想必肯定，想必(肯定肯定句中表推句中表推测测)must not/mustnt doMust.do.？Yes，.must.No，.neednt/dont have to.have to只好，不得不只好，不得不(客客观观的必的必须须，有，有时态时态人人称称变变化化)dont have to doDo.have to do.？Yes，.do.NO，.dont.情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答ought to应应当当(表示表示义务责义务责任，口任，口语语中多用中多用should)ought not to/oughtnt to doOught.to do.？Yes
32、，.ought.No，.oughtnt.shall将要，会将要，会用于一三人称征求用于一三人称征求对对方方意意见见用于二三人称表示用于二三人称表示许诺许诺、命令、警告、威命令、警告、威胁胁等等shall not/shant doShall.do.？Yes，.shall.No，.shant.情情态动态动词词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答should应应当，当，应该应该(表表义义务责务责任任)本本该该(含有含有责备责备意意味味)should not/shouldnt doShould.do.？will意愿，决心意愿，决心请请求，建求，建议议，用，用在在问问句中句中would比比较较委
33、婉委婉will not/wont doWill.do.？Yes，.will.No，.wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt do情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答dare敢敢(常用于否定句常用于否定句和疑和疑问问句中句中)dare not/darent doDare.do.？Yes，.dare.No，.darent.need需要需要必必须须(常用于否定常用于否定句和疑句和疑问问句中句中)need not/neednt doNeed.do.？Yes，.must.No，.neednt.情情态态动词动词用法用法否定式否定式疑疑问问式与式与简简答答used t
34、o过过去常常去常常(现现在在已不再已不再)used not/usednt/usent to do didnt use to doUsed.to do.？Yes，.used.No，.use(d)nt.Did.use to do.？Yes，.did.No，.didnt.(一一)情态动词的完成式情态动词的完成式1.表示对过去情况的推测表示对过去情况的推测(1)may/might have done可能可能(已经已经)做了做了(2)must have done一定一定(已经已经)做了做了(3)can/could have done可能可能(已经已经)做了做了(否定句或疑否定句或疑问句问句),例如：例如
35、：The ground is rather wet，so it must have rained last night，didnt it？(表示推测表示推测)2.表示轻微的责备或后悔表示轻微的责备或后悔(1)should/ought to have done本应该做某事本应该做某事(但事实上却没但事实上却没做做)(2)neednt have done本不必做某事本不必做某事(但事实上却做了但事实上却做了)(3)might/could have done本可以做某事本可以做某事(但事实上却没做但事实上却没做)(4)would rather have done本想做某事本想做某事(但事实上却没做但
36、事实上却没做),例如：例如：I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late.(表示后悔表示后悔)(二二)表示能力时，表示能力时，can与与be able to一般可互换，但一般可互换，但be able to可用于将来时和完成时等更多时态；在表示过去具体某可用于将来时和完成时等更多时态；在表示过去具体某次能够成功做成某事时，只能用次能够成功做成某事时，只能用was/were able to。例如：。例如：The little girl could speak Engl
37、ish fluently and she was able to get the first prize in the English speech contest.(三三)must与与have to的区别：的区别：must强调主观认为强调主观认为“必须必须”做做某事，而某事，而have to强调客观上要求强调客观上要求“不得不不得不”做某事；做某事；have to有过去式有过去式(had to)和将来时和将来时(will have to)等更多时态；等更多时态；mustnt不准，不准，dont have toneednt不必。另外，不必。另外，must还可表还可表示固执示固执“硬要，偏要硬要
38、，偏要”。例如：。例如：With so much work to do，he had to stay up tonight.(不不得不得不)Must you make so much noise when we are listening to the tape？(偏要偏要)(四四)should可表示可表示“万一万一”。例如：。例如：,Should he fail，what would you do？(五五)shall在陈述句中表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警在陈述句中表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告、威胁等；也可在法令、条约、规章中表示强制，意为告、威胁等；也可在法令、条约、规章中表示强制
39、，意为“必须，应该必须，应该”；还可以用于；还可以用于Shall I/he.(要不要我要不要我/他他？好吗？好吗？)。例如：。例如：If you keep on breaking the rules，you shall be punished one day.(警告警告)Dont worry.You shall get what belongs to you.(许诺许诺)(二二)虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气的基本用法：虚拟语气的基本用法：类别类别用法用法例句例句If引引导导的的条件条件从句从句与与现现在事在事实实相反相反从句从句动词动词：过过去式去式(be用用were)主句主句动词动词：shoul
40、d/would/could/might动词动词原形原形If he were here，he would help us.类别类别用法用法例句例句If引引导导的条的条件从件从句句与与过过去去事事实实相相反反从句从句动词动词：had过过去分去分词词主句主句动词动词：should/would/could/mighthave过过去分去分词词If I had been free，I would have visited you.与将来与将来事事实实相相反反从句从句动词动词：过过去式去式/should动词动词原形原形/were不定式不定式主句主句动词动词：should/would/could/might动
41、动词词原形原形If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.类别类别用法用法例句例句其他状其他状语语从句从句as if引引导导的状的状语语从句中从句中动动词词用用过过去式或去式或过过去完成去完成式式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that/so that引引导导的状的状语语从句中从句中动词动词用用can/could/may/might/would等等动词动词原形原形Turn on the light so that we can see it
42、clearly.类别类别用法用法例句例句宾语宾语从从句句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的从句中后接的从句中动词为动词为(should)动词动词原形原形He suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分后的从句中分别别用用过过去去式，式，过过去完成式和去完成式和should/would动词动词原形表原形表示与示与现现在、在、过过去和将来情去和将来情况相反况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.类别类别用法用法例句例句主主语语从句从句在在It is necessary/important/s
43、trange that.，It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等从句中，等从句中，谓语动词谓语动词用用(should)动词动词原形原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.类别类别用法用法例句例句其他其他句型句型中中It is time that.句型中句型中动词动词用用过过去去式或式或should动词动词原形原形Its high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中所接的从句中动词动词用用过过去式或者去式或者过过去完成式去完成
44、式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中句型中动词动词常用常用过过去式或去式或者者过过去完成式，表示去完成式，表示强强烈的愿望烈的愿望If only our dream had come true！一、用合适的情态动词及括号内所给动词的适当形式填一、用合适的情态动词及括号内所给动词的适当形式填空空1Im afraid Mr.Harding _(see)you now.Hes busy.(全国卷全国卷)2Jack descried his father，who _(be)a brave boy many years ago，as a st
45、rongwilled man.(全国卷全国卷)3Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning.You _(be)Mrs.Peters.(北京高考北京高考)4Mark _(hurry)After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.(天津高考天津高考)5I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subje
46、ct next month.Dont worry.You _(have)it by Friday.(江苏高考江苏高考)6It is strange that such a person _(be)our friend.7The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables _(die)(北京高考北京高考)8Teachers recommend parents _(allow)their children un
47、der 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建高考福建高考)9If he _(follow)my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job.(湖南高考湖南高考)10George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _(focus)more on its culture.(江苏高考江苏高考)11Tom graduated from college at a very young age.Oh，he _(be)a ve
48、ry smart boy then.12The ground is very dry，so it _(rain)last night.13Your home is not far from your school，so you _(leave)in such a hurry.14I _(come)to help you，but I was too busy at that time.15Mr White _(arrive)at 8 00 for the meeting，but he didnt show up.16The lights of the classroom are still on
49、，who can it be?It _(be)Jenny.She always leaves so late.17There _(be)any difficulty about possing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.18The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _(be)very slow.答案：答案：1.cant see2.must have been3.must b
50、e4.neednt have hurried5.shall have6.(should)be7.wouldnt have died8.(should)not allow9.had followed10.focused11.must have been12.cant/couldnt have rained13neednt have left14.would rather have gone15.should have arrived16.must be17.shouldnt be18.can be二、用适当的情态动词完成下面的短文二、用适当的情态动词完成下面的短文 Miss Fang 1._(n