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1、中考题型突破中考题型突破-第5 讲短文填空短文填空是2012年广东中考出现的一个新题型，其特点是在一篇短文中留出10个空(首句不设空)，要求考生根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词，一空只能填一个词(有些空的答案可能不是唯一的)。短文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等，所选的文章一般都是考生比较熟悉的材料。短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法词汇、语法和习惯习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查考生理解、推导、分析等综理解、推导、分析等综合能力合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的
2、辨认能力，而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量掌握单词的数量及准确性，及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词义的理上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。题型分析题型分析 Bob and David are good friends,but they like to Bob and David are good friends,but they like to joke on each other sometimes.One day they went joke on each other sometimes.One day they went to Lo
3、ndon for their holidays.They went to the to London for their holidays.They went to the(71)(71)and bought their tickets.When the and bought their tickets.When the train arrived,Bob got on the train first,but he dropped train arrived,Bob got on the train first,but he dropped his (72)his (72)on the pla
4、tform(on the platform(站台）站台）站台）站台）without knowing it.David was behind him and without knowing it.David was behind him and quickly(73)quickly(73)it up.Without saying a word it up.Without saying a word to his friends,he put it in his(74)to his friends,he put it in his(74).After they had been in the (7
5、5)After they had been in the (75)for a little for a little while,they saw the conductor(while,they saw the conductor(列车员）列车员）列车员）列车员）coming along,coming along,1234 shouting,“Ticket,please!”Bob(76)for his and of course he couldnt find it.“Oh,dear,I cant(77)my ticket,David.”he said.“Have another look,
6、Bob;it must be(78)”said David.“No,I cant find it anywhere.What shall I do?”“Perhaps youd better hide under the(79)so that the conductor wont see you.”So Bob crawled(爬）爬）under the seat and lay there quietly.Soon the conductor stood in front of David.“Ticket,please.”he said.David handed him(80)tickets
7、 and said,“This is mine.The other is my friends.He prefers to travel under the seat.”1234 Bob and David are good friends,but they like to Bob and David are good friends,but they like to joke on each other sometimes.One day they went joke on each other sometimes.One day they went to London for their
8、holidays.They went to the to London for their holidays.They went to the(71)(71)and bought their tickets.When the and bought their tickets.When the train arrived,Bob got on the train first,but he train arrived,Bob got on the train first,but he dropped his (72)dropped his (72)on the platform(on the pl
9、atform(站台）站台）站台）站台）without knowing it.David was behind him and without knowing it.David was behind him and quickly(73)quickly(73)it up.Without saying a word it up.Without saying a word to his friends,he put it in his(74)to his friends,he put it in his(74).After they had been in the (75)After they ha
10、d been in the (75)for a little for a little while,they saw thewhile,they saw the conductor(conductor(列车员）列车员）列车员）列车员）coming along,coming along,stationstationticketticketpickedpickedpocketpockettraintrainshouting,“Ticket,please!”Bob(76)for his and of course he couldnt find it.“Oh,dear,I cant(77)my ti
11、cket,David.”he said.“Have another look,Bob;it must be(78)”said David.“No,I cant find it anywhere.What shall I do?”“Perhaps youd better hide under the(79)so that the conductor wont see you.”So Bob crawled(爬）爬）under the seat and lay there quietly.Soon the conductor stood in front of David.“Ticket,plea
12、se.”he said.David handed him(80)tickets and said,“This is mine.The other is my friends.He prefers to travel under the seat.”lookedlookedfindfind somewheresomewhereseat/chairseat/chairtwotwov71，72，74，75，79根据图片及上下文意思填入根据图片及上下文意思填入 。73，76，77，78根据上下文意思填入根据上下文意思填入 ，并注意，并注意 及及 。80考考 。名词名词动词动词动词的形式动词的形式语态语
13、态数词数词 爱心营养套餐爱心营养套餐:系统的知识准备系统的知识准备新课程标准要求初中毕业生要掌握新课程标准要求初中毕业生要掌握1500-1600个单词个单词,200-300个词组和短语。个词组和短语。名词的单复数、动词的时态名词的单复数、动词的时态(8)及语态。及语态。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。过去完成时、过去将来时。动词的主动语态及被动语态。动词的主动语态及被动语态。It was .Mrs.Smith went to do some with her
14、husband.第一招:金睛火眼(认真、细致地观察图画,就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。)Saturdayshopping Itwasoclockinthemorning.Mr.SmithThenhelefthomeandrodeatothestation.sevenbike When he got home,he open his bag.He wanted to get the keys.They were always there.But he couldnt find the keys this time A moment later he jumped into the room
15、and was very happy.But when he put his hand into his pocket.He found his_ right there.第二招：有样学样（善于从下文或前文找一模一样的信息。）keysChildrenhavetodoalotofeverydaynotonlyatschoolbutalsoathome.Somechildrenhavesomuchworktodothattheyoftenhavetoworklateintothenightbeforetheycanfinishtheirhomework.homework Once a French
16、man was travelling in England.He knew very English.第三招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）little WhenTomgotschool,itwaseightten.Theteacherhadalreadybegunherlesson.AssoonasTomcameintotheclassroom,shegotandsaid,angry Because Sui is one of the top basketball in Asia,she was to play in the WNBA(Womens NBA)in the US.
17、Its the first time she has worked abroad.第四招：姿势与实际并重(注意填写动词的时态、语态和名词的单复数)playersplayerschosen/invitedchosen/invitedPeoplehavetreesdowninlargenumbers.Intheendtheyfindthattheyhavelostthebestfriendstheyhad.cutAretreesimportant?Yes,treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways.Thefirstimportantwayisthatth
18、eyprovidemanfood.第五招：讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来填写）withThewomanwasanewspaperinherroomwhenshesomeoneatthedoorreading heardknocking 第一招第一招:金睛火眼（认真、细致地观察图画金睛火眼（认真、细致地观察图画,就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。）就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。）第二招：第二招：有样学样（善于从下文或前文找一有样学样（善于从下文或前文找一模一样的信息。）模一样的信息。）第三招：第三招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）中推测出来。）第四
19、招：第四招：姿势与实际并重（注意填写动词的姿势与实际并重（注意填写动词的时态、语态和名词的单复数。时态、语态和名词的单复数。）第五招：第五招：讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来填写。填写。）向向 看图短文填空看图短文填空sayYes Mr.Zhang is a retired worker.He retired last year at the age of sixty.Since he neednt go to work,he grows a lot of 1 on the terrace(阳阳台台),and 2 most of his time taking ca
20、re of them.One winter 3 _,after he got up at 7:00,he felt very_4_ even with his warmest coat on.He 5 at the thermometer(温温度度计计),6 was 10 below zero.“Oh,my God.My flowers!”Mr.Zhang said to 7 .“I still feel cold with thick clothes on.The flowers must feel cold,8 .They would be frozen to death.What sho
21、uld I do?Should I give them warm clothes?Oh,no,-flowers dont wear clothes.”Mr.Zhang thought and thought,finally he 9 up with an idea.He went back into the room and got some hot water,and then he poured the water onto the flowers.“Now,you will be warm enough.”Mr.Zhang said to the flowers.After an hou
22、r,to his 10 ,the flowers were all dead!Mr.Zhang is a retired worker.He retired last year at the age of sixty.Since he neednt go to work,he grows a lot of on the terrace(阳阳台台),and most of his time taking care of them.One winter ,after he got up at 7:00,he felt very even with his warmest coat on.He at
23、 the thermometer(温度计温度计),was 10 below zero.“Oh,my God.My flowers!”Mr.Zhang said to .“I still feel cold with thick clothes on.The flowers must feel cold,.They would be frozen to death.What should I do?Should I give them warm clothes?Oh,no,-flowers dont wear clothes.”Mr.Zhang thought and thought,final
24、ly he up with an idea.He went back into the room and got some hot water,and then he poured the water onto the flowers.“Now,you will be warm enough.”Mr.Zhang said to the flowers.After an hour,to his ,the flowers were all dead!flowersflowersspendsspendsmorningmorninglookedlookedcoldcoldit ithimselfhim
25、selftootoocamecamesurprisesurprise快快提提乐乐升升自信自信技巧及方法技巧及方法=向向say+系统的知识准备系统的知识准备+看图填空要谨记，看图填空要谨记，观察图画仔仔细，观察图画仔仔细，词汇语法牢牢记，词汇语法牢牢记，下笔填词先三思，下笔填词先三思，戒掉粗心和大意，戒掉粗心和大意，短文高分包满意。短文高分包满意。看图填词：请根据图中的提示，在短文的横线上填入适看图填词：请根据图中的提示，在短文的横线上填入适当的词，使短文的意思完整与正确，每空一词当的词，使短文的意思完整与正确，每空一词。LiLeiastudent.Heusuallygetsupearly.Bu
26、tthismorninghegotup.Itwasalreadyoclock.Hehadnotimetohavehisbreakfast.Hesaidgoodbyetohisandhurriedout.Hetoschoolquicklyby.Whenhetotheschoolgate,hefounditwas.Suddenlyheitwas.Hehadalreadyforgottenthat.islate9:00motherhurriedbikegotSundayclosedremembered请根据图中的提示，在短文的横线上填入适当的词，请根据图中的提示，在短文的横线上填入适当的词，使短文的
27、意思完整与正确，每空一词使短文的意思完整与正确，每空一词。Meimeicantgotoschooltodaybecausesheisntfeelingwell.MumaskedhertostayinThismorningMeimeiwenttothetogetherwithMum.ThedoctoraskedMeimeitoherand“Ah.”HelookedoverMeimeicarefully.Itwasserious.Sothedoctorsaidtoher,“Youvecaughtabitofcold.Takethistimesadayanddrinkmore.Youllfeelbettersoon.”bedChildrensHospitalopenmouthsaynothingmedicinethreewater