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1、 Unit 1 FriendshipWhatIsFriendship?WhatIsFriendship?AfterTwentyYearsAfterTwentyYearsZoomingIn:AnIntegratedEnglishCourseBook3ContentGetting PreparedText ReadingFurther Development123 Global Reading Detailed ReadingAfter Reading1.1 Word Web1.1 Word Web1.2 Discussion1.2 Discussion1.3 Listen and Respond
2、1.3 Listen and RespondStep 11.Getting PreparedDirections:What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word“Friendship.”Write down as many words as possible about it.intimacy（亲密）companionshipeverlastingsharePerpetual(长久的)genuinepureconfidant（知己）mentorbuddycherishbelovedfriendshipfriendship1.1
3、 Word Web1.2Discussion:ImportantQualitiesforafriendDirections:Readthefollowinglistofqualitiescarefullyandchoosethethreemostimportantonesforafriend.Workingroupstodiscussyourchoices.Thendecidewhichqualitiesarethemostpopularinyourgroupandgiveyourreasons.adventurous dependable intelligent serious affect
4、ionate(showing love)easygoing kind sociable aggressive fun-loving respectful good-lookingdiligent athletic honest sensitive thoughtful warmhearted humorous understanding reliableListen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.When do people become friend
5、s “for a reason”?3.What does“a friend for a season”mean?4.What is a lifetime friend?1.3ListenandRespondIts mainly about three different types of friendship in our life,i.e.friendship for a reason,friendship for a season,and friendship for a life timeWhen people need each other,they become“friends fo
6、r a reason”It means a friend who comes into your life only for a short timeA life time friend is a single soul in two bodies.1.Peoplecomeintoourlifefor_,a_ora_2.Whenyou_whypeoplecomeintoyourlife,youwillknowexactlywhattodo.3.Whensomeoneisinyourlifeforareason,itisusuallyto_,youhaveexpressedoutwardlyin
7、inwardly.Theyhavecometohelpyououtofadifficulty,ortoprovideyouwith_.4.Whenpeoplecomeintoyourlifeforaseason,theymaybringyou_ormakeyoulaugh.5.Lifetimefriendshipsarebasedon_betweenyouandyourfriend.Lifetimefriendshipsteachyoulifetime_andyoushouldlearnto_them.Listen to the passage again and fill in the bl
8、anks according to what you have heard.seasonreasonlifetimefigure outmeet a needguidance and supportan experience of peacetrust and understandinglessonsaccept1.3ListenandRespond*Comprehension Questions*Discourse pattern*Text Structure *Language points*Cultural notes*Stylistic feature *Word exercise*U
9、seful expressions*GrammarStep 12.Text Reading Global ReadingDetailed Reading After-readingDirections:ReadTextA:WhatisFriendshipanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse1.According to ancient scholars,friendship can be classified into three different types.()2.Friendship between the young
10、is much easier to change than that between the elderly.()3.People linked by friendship,which is based on utility,stay together only when they are mutually useful.()4.Time and intimacy are the two prerequisites for the development of true friendship.()5.In order to preserve true friendship,people in
11、a community should maintain the equal relationship between each other.()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension Questions1.According to ancient scholars,friendship can be classified intothreedifferenttypes.2.Friendshipbetweentheyoungismucheasiertochangethanthatbetweentheelderly.No.We may find three kinds of f
12、riendship according to Aristotle.No.Both the friendship based on utility and that on pleasure are changeable regardless of the age.F()F()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension Questions3.Peoplelinkedbyfriendship,whichisbasedonutility,staytogetheronlywhentheyaremutuallyuseful.4.Timeandintimacyarethetwoprerequ
13、isitesforthedevelopmentoftruefriendship.5.Inordertopreservetruefriendship,peopleinacommunityshouldmaintaintheequalrelationshipbetweeneachother.T()T()T()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension QuestionsThe passage What Is Friendship is an exposition talking about the nature of friendship.It compared two classi
14、cal views and classified three components of friendship.How should we divide the passage into several parts according to the basic structure of an exposition?Read through the text and discuss with your partner.2.1GlobalreadingText StructurePara.7Friendship is permanent between people who share a com
15、mitment to the good.Para.1Its necessary to review some classical views of friend-ship in order to acquire a better understanding of it.Main bodyPara.6Nature of friendship according to CiceroPara.25Three kinds of friendship according to AristotleIntroductionConclusion2.1GlobalreadingText StructureFri
16、endship is an eternal(永永恒恒的的)theme(主主题题)in human history.A life without friendship is hard to imagine.But what is friendship?Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship.2.2DetailedReadinginsight:anaccurateanddeepunderstandingofacomplexsituati
17、onorproblem.深刻见解What Is Friendship?Directions:Readthefirstparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestion.1.Why do people have little knowledge about what friendship really means?Comprehension QuestionsThere are no commonly accepted criteria for defining what friendship really means.2.2DetailedReadingWhen we
18、 approach the notion of friendship,our firstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.Therefore,peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstanding of what friendship really means.To help u
19、sunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.What Is Friendship?Michele E.Doyle&Mark K.Smith2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?notion:n.anidea,belieforconceptnotion1Our management system is based on the notions of personal equality and liberty.She has no notion
20、 of the difficulty of this problem.我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的。我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的。指一种模糊的、变化莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，指一种模糊的、变化莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，是未经深思熟虑的、甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点。是未经深思熟虑的、甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点。notioncriterion:n.astandardbywhichsth.isjudgedThe companys criterion for success is high sales.对一些出版商而言，评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非对一些出版商
21、而言，评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容。内容。To some publishers,the _ _ is length rather than content.criterioncriterion of a bookwhich will sell wellcriterionCF:standard&criterionstandardcriterion 较正式，指判断、评价事物的标准，但不一定制成较正式，指判断、评价事物的标准，但不一定制成了规章。例如：了规章。例如：这两个名词均含这两个名词均含“标准标准”之意。之意。指公认的衡量事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。例如：指公认的衡量事物质量或人
22、的品质的准则或原则。例如：All restaurants in the town with a low standard of hygiene have been forced to close.城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了。城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了。What are the criteria for deciding who gets the prize?以什么作标准评定获奖者？以什么作标准评定获奖者？1.Whatare“sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”?When we approach the notion of friendship,our
23、first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.“Socially acknowledged criteria”are established standards that are accepted by all the people in the society.2.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofgoodfortunemustbeinwant
24、ofawife.家财万贯又尚未结婚的男人一定需要一个贤内助，这是举世公认的一条真理。Directions:Readparagraph2to5andanswerthefollowingquestion.1.What are the three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle?Comprehension QuestionsThey are friendship based on utility,friendship based on pleasure and friendship based on goodness.2.2DetailedRea
25、dingOneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle,thefamousancientGreekphilosopher.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwoother forms:one based on mutual usefulness,the other onpleasure.So,accordingtoAristotle,wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship:2.2DetailedReadingWhat
26、 Is Friendship?Friendshipbasedonutility.Utilityis an impermanent thing:it changesaccordingtocircumstances.Whentheground for friendship disappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.Friendshipsof this kind seem to occur mostfrequentlybetweentheelderly,becauseattheiragewhattheywantisnot pleasure but utility.Fr
27、iendships based on utility are alsofrequently found among those in middle or early life who arepursuingtheirownadvantage.Suchpersonsdonotspendmuchtime together,because sometimes they do not even like oneanother,and therefore feel no need of such an associationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful.Theytakeplea
28、sureineachotherscompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?the moment.As they grow up,however,their tasteschangetoo,sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships.Thatiswhythey fall in and out of friendshipquickly,changing their attitudeoften,evenwithinthe
29、sameday.Friendshipbasedonpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofFriendshipbasedongoodness.Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness.Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregoo
30、d,andsimilarintheirgoodness,isperfect.Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform.Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?forasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulat
31、ionstogether.And no two persons can accept eachother and become friends until each hasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmay develop rapidly,but true friendshipdoesnot.2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?ground:n.reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbeliev
32、ingsth.She cant accept his ground for divorce.He has been fired from the job on the grounds of incompetence.a ground/grounds for 的理由的理由on(the)grounds of 基于基于的原因的原因on the grounds that因为因为Patterns:groundground:v.on:baseon根据，以为依据Sallys argument is soundly grounded on facts.基于对人类精神神圣性的信仰，他们认为灵魂是永恒的。基于对人
33、类精神神圣性的信仰，他们认为灵魂是永恒的。groundThey believe the soul is immortal,grounding this belief on the Divine nature of the human spirit.pursue:vt.trytoachievesth.;continuesteadilywith;carryonShe decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.老板决定不再追查那事。老板决定不再追查那事。Our boss has decided not to purs
34、ue the matter any further.她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。pursue sb.追求某人追求某人pursue a vocation从事一份职业从事一份职业pursue a hobby从事一项爱好从事一项爱好pursue a goal追求一个目标追求一个目标Collocations:pursuein so far as:onlytothedegreethat；onlyforthepurposethatThey moved to the downtown area in so far as they could spend less ti
35、me on the way to work.为了能有所发现，他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究为了能有所发现，他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究。He still continued his research in this field in so far as he could make some discoveries.insofarasThey take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.1.Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecause
36、theylikeeachother?No,they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.2.Translatethissentence.只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。于呆在一起。It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.ItisbetweenParaphrasethi
37、ssentence.Love and friendship are mainly found between good people and the love and friendship are of the best quality.Directions:Readthesixthparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestion.1.What does Cicero emphasize in his definition of friendship?Comprehension QuestionsHe emphasizes the element of virtue
38、 in friendship.2.2DetailedReadingAnother classical view of friendship can be found in thewritings of Cicero,an ancient Roman statesman and orator.According to Cicero,true friendship is only possible betweengood men.He further defines“the good”as“those whoseactions and lives leave no question as to t
39、heir honor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,doesoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason.Therefore,infriendships2.2DetailedRea
40、dingWhat Is Friendship?and relationships,those who possess any superiority mustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship.as to:onthesubjectof;concerningWe are puzzled as to how the accident happened.关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑。关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑。在记者招待会上他拒绝就此
41、事发表任何评论。在记者招待会上他拒绝就此事发表任何评论。He refused to make any comments as to this event at the press conference.astoHe further defines“the good”as“those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor,purity,equity,and liberality;who are free from greed,lust,and violence;and who have the courage of
42、 their convictions.”1.Whatdoestheexpression“havethecourageoftheirconvictions”mean?It means“be brave enough to say and act on what they think is right even though other people may not agree or approve.”2.Translatethissentence.他进而将他进而将“好人好人”定义为定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和荣誉、
43、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”conviction:n.fixedorstrongbeliefIts my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。Do you always act in accordance with your convictions?I find his behavior irresponsible beyond b
44、elief.我发觉他的所作所为不负责任到了简直令人难以我发觉他的所作所为不负责任到了简直令人难以置信的地步。置信的地步。CF:belief,faith&convictionbeliefconviction这些名词都有这些名词都有“相信相信”，“信任信任”之意之意较为普通，指单纯从主观上的相信，不涉及这较为普通，指单纯从主观上的相信，不涉及这种相信是否有根据。例如：种相信是否有根据。例如：Shed made such promises before,and they lacked conviction.她以前也作过这样的许诺她以前也作过这样的许诺,但都不足信。但都不足信。CF:belief,fa
45、ith&convictionconvictionconviction语气较强，强调完全相信，有时也指仅凭感觉语气较强，强调完全相信，有时也指仅凭感觉产生的相信。产生的相信。例如：例如：faithI havent much faith in this medicine.我对这种药没有多大信心。我对这种药没有多大信心。多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的信心和相信，强调其坚定性。例如：了解后产生的信心和相信，强调其坚定性。例如：preserve:vt.preservetoprevent(someoneorsth.)frombeingh
46、armedordestroyedMother always tries to preserve family harmony.She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humor.母亲总是在努力维持家庭和睦。母亲总是在努力维持家庭和睦。More and more teenagers fail to preserve their eyesight and wear glasses.preserveCF:preserve,conserve,reserve保护，保存。保护，保存。往往指对某种珍贵的物品进行保存，并往往指对某种珍贵的
47、物品进行保存，并含有一旦用完将很难找到替代品的含义，宾语多为能含有一旦用完将很难找到替代品的含义，宾语多为能源、资源、力量等，但不以钱财为宾语。源、资源、力量等，但不以钱财为宾语。正式用语，意为正式用语，意为“收藏，保存收藏，保存”，指为了防止损害、，指为了防止损害、变质或腐烂而进行保存、深藏，强调使之完好或质量变质或腐烂而进行保存、深藏，强调使之完好或质量不变，其宾语往往为文献、食品、生命等。不变，其宾语往往为文献、食品、生命等。The government requests citizens to conserve water during the drought.Even in anci
48、ent times,people knew how to preserve their food from decay.We should conserve some of our strength for the last part of the fight.conservepreservepreserve意为意为“保留、留存保留、留存”，表示为了特定的目的而将某，表示为了特定的目的而将某物留存一段时间，宾语可为钱财、房间、座位、资物留存一段时间，宾语可为钱财、房间、座位、资金、原料等。金、原料等。She reserved the best wine for Christmas.Well r
49、eserve the ticket for you until tomorrow noon.NoteNote:conserveforests和和preserveforests区别在于，区别在于，前者指前者指“有效利用、保存森林资源有效利用、保存森林资源”，而后者指，而后者指“保护森林使之不被破坏保护森林使之不被破坏”。CF:preserve,conserve,reservereserveDirections:Readthesixthparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestion.Comprehension Questions4.Whatismeantby“virt
50、uousfriends”accordingtotheclassicalview?Virtuous friends possess moral excellence and share a commitment to the good.2.2DetailedReadingThus,we may see that thetraditional idea of friendship is madeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoy each others company;theymustbeusefultooneanother;andtheymustsharea