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1、我国著名翻译家严复对写作及翻译提出来“信，达，雅”三字标准。这个“雅”的一个体现是：修饰语修饰语理解的原则*“右到左”原则：“M+of+N+of+M”(No.2)(No.1)1)Petroleum is the largest source of liquid fuel.2)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.“先看本质”原则：“表事物本质的词 描述其他的（颜色，新旧，大小等）”1）its r
2、ecognition could significantly contribute to the new international economic order if it leads to a wide acceptance of the need for structural adjustment in the short-,medium-,and long-term by all economies.2)Hitler realized,as the confidential German papers and subsequent events make clear,that Cham
3、berlains action was a godsend to him.3)All competent university scientists should be supported to the works of their own choice.练练吧1)Many pepole believe,hovwever,that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.2)Next,we instituted the largest programme of educational expansion that the
4、 country has ever seen.3)it is a document which must be considered as positive support for the second United Nations Development Decade.4)What is called“modern civilization”is not the result of a balanced development of all mans nature,but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.使用修饰语时的时候
5、我们出现的错误：误置修饰语（misplaced modifiers）悬置修饰语（dangling modifiers）误置（misplaced modifiers）做定语或状语的词，短语必须尽可能靠近所修饰的成分1)Please give the book to the boy with blue cover.Please give the book with blue cover to the boy.2)He sold the old car to the man with leather seats.He sold the old car with leather seats to th
6、e man.3)The robber was described as a six-foot tall man with a mustanche weighing 150pounds.as a 150pounds,six-foot tall man with a mustanche4)The equipment without the accessories sold the best.sold the best without the accessoriesEg.We agreed on the next day to make the adjustments.“看我变身”：1.We agr
7、eed to make the adjustments on the next day.2.We agreed that on the next day we would make the adjustments.3.on the next day,we agreed to make the adjustments 4.on the next day,we agreed we would make the adjustments.特别注意这些副词的位置：always,even,hardly,just,merely,nearly,often,only,scarcely -修饰语一般放在被修饰的词
8、前，否则不合逻辑，甚至改变句意。悬置（dangling modifiers）与句子主语不能构成逻辑关系的修饰语。To write the proposal,research must be done.To write the proposal,the professor must first do some research.悬置悬置分词（短语）悬置动名词（短语）悬置不定式（短语）悬置省略从句1）悬置分词a)Looking up at the sky,the sun went under a cloud.Looking up ay the sky,he saw the sun go under
9、 a cloud.b)Reading,the doorbell rang,Reading,Liu heard the doorbell ring.2)悬置动名词a)By installing a birthday,the birds were given a source of water.By installing a birthday,we gave the birds a source of water.b)After finishing the research,the paper was easy to write.After finishing the research,I fin
10、d the paper easy to write.3)悬置不定式*To ski properly,a source of instruction is necessary.To write well,good books must be read.&To ski properly,a beginner should take a source of instruction.To write well,I must read good books.4)悬置从句While climbing the hill,the rain began to fall.-she felt the rain be
11、ginning to fall*When only a small boy,my father took me with him to Chiacgo.-When I was only a small boy-“秘籍”找出句子中隐含的主语，对修饰的短语提供行为者，既承担动作行为的人或物 （直接，“九阳真经”）补足悬垂短语或省略从句必要的成分，扩展成为一个完整的句子，由行为者做主语 （间接，“九阴真经”）请仔细翻阅P29-33，take exercise.“ladies and gentlemen,我想死你们啦”-冯巩“ladies and gentlemen,我们该下啦”Bey-bey-现在能不能表述的“雅”一点呢？