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1、简单句简单句概念概念：只有一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成：只有一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成 分都只有单词、词组或短语充当的句子叫简分都只有单词、词组或短语充当的句子叫简单句。单句。简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型n主语+谓语（不及物动词）+（状语）eg:A bird can fly .鸟会飞鸟会飞n主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 eg:she is away from home.她不在家她不在家n主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 eg:I love you.我爱你我爱你n主语+谓语（及物动词）+双宾（间接宾语和直接宾语）egeg:He shows me his passport.他把护照给我看
2、他把护照给我看n主语主语+谓语（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 eg:I will all of you happy.eg:I will all of you happy.我祝你们大家幸福我祝你们大家幸福 主语主语+（谓语）系动词（谓语）系动词+表语表语主系表结构主系表结构主语主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是什么，其主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是什么，其位置一般放在句首，英语中位置一般放在句首，英语中主语一般不省略。主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。的短语或从句
3、来充当。eg:Li Lei is a Chinese boy.(Li lei 是名词，作主语)eg:He is from England.(He是代词，作主语)eg:Playing basketball is my hobby.动名词短语系动词系动词(Link verb)l系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能作谓语，它本身有词义，但不能作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。情况。系动词分为系动词分为：1、状态系动词be;appear;seem;keep;remai
4、n;continue;stay;prove 等2、感官系动词look;feel;smell;sound;taste 等3、变化系动词become;fall;get;go;grow;turn 等4、保持系动词 keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand初中要求12个 be，keep，seem，get，feel，smell，taste，look，sound，become，turn，go 系动词系动词l目前学到的系动词有：be、feel、look、sound、taste、seem、smell(感官动词），turn、get、become(当“变”的意思讲）eg:This flowe
5、r is beautiful.eg:I felt very tired.eg:You look worried.eg:He always kept silent at meeting.eg:He became mad after that表语表语（predicative）l表语：是用来修饰主语的，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当。eg:I am fine.（形容词）He is a boy.（名词）We are here.（副词）He is not at home.（介词短语
6、）Our duty is to make our environment better.(动词不定式）练习：找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1、Tom is a student.2、He is fat.3、I am tired.4、We are students.5、The bag was lost.6、They were kind.8、My father became a teacher in 1978.9、The weather gets hot in summer.10、She looks beautiful.11、The flower
7、 smells good.12、He went mad.13、The soup tastes delicious.14、The leaf turns green.15、She is in the room.练习题练习题一、主系表结构（用主系表结构（用am,is,are am,is,are 填空）填空）1.That banana _ yellow.2.What _ these?“Theyre sheep.”3.The child _ in the room.4._these your oranges?Yes,they _ .5.I _ seven years old.areisisArearea
8、m二、按要求完成句子按要求完成句子.1.This is an apple.(变为复数)2.Those apples are red.(变为否定句)3.These books are new.(变为一般疑 问句)These are apples.Those apples are not red.Are these books new?4.Are these bananas?(作肯定回答)5.They are cups.（对划线部分提问）Yes,they are.What are they?三、选择疑问句选择疑问句.1.Is she thin or fat?(用fat作答)2.Is the bay(海峡)new or old?(用new作答)3.你的英语老师老还是年轻？你的英语老师老还是年轻？She is fat.The bay is new.Is your English teacher young or old?4.Those are hens.(用ducks改为选择疑问句)5.Is your father tall or short?(用short作答)Are those hens or ducks?He is short.