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1、Passage1(2018课标全国,D)词数:408Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdoth
2、esamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsin
3、cetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined19五年高考A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组92.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,howeve
4、r,wedidntthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddeviceswecon-tinuetousethem.Accordingt
5、otheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhatsthesolution(解决方案)?Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappen
6、ifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-frien
7、dly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastener
8、gy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.答案答案语篇解读我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。1.A观点态度题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根
9、据第一段最后一句可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句可知,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。3.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科技产品,而且
10、最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。4.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。难句分析难句分析原句:Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsome-thingshinyandnew,bu
11、tanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddeviceswellaftertheygooutofstyle.分析:but连接两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中,that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导时间状语从句。译文:我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科技。但是一项新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。重点词汇重点词汇shinyadj.闪光的;有光泽的evolvev.逐渐发展definev.给
12、下定义;界定accumulatev.积聚;积累cathoderaytube阴极射线管consumptionn.消费;消耗Passage2(2017课标全国,C)词数:291Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Four-teenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.Graywolvesonc
13、ewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadm
14、anyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulationsmajorfoodsources(来源)forthewolfgrewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegeta-tion(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageoftheparksredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythe
15、parksbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellow-stonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplanto
16、reintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperim
17、enttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disp
18、laced”inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.3.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineintheparksincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.4.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B
19、.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.答案答案语篇解读本文讲述了经过多年激烈的争论,美国政府终于从加拿大重新把14匹灰狼引入黄石国家公园,以恢复当地的生态平衡。1.D主旨大意题。全篇自始至终谈论的就是重新把灰狼引入美国黄石国家公园,故正确选项应为D。2.C词义猜测题。短文第二段描述灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区生活,由于人类的发展,到20世纪20年代,灰狼几乎在黄石地区消失了。由此可以判断肯定是人类的发展“逼走”了灰狼,迫使灰狼迁徙到加拿大的森林地区。故正确选项为C。3.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知灰狼的消失产生了许多出乎意料的结果。作为灰狼食物来源
20、的其他动物繁衍过快,导致当地植被被过度消耗,公园的植物多样性遭到破坏;没有了天敌灰狼,当地的郊狼迅速繁衍,而郊狼杀死了公园大部分的红狐,也让河狸丧失了栖息之地。因此考生可以判断黄石国家公园的生态系统遭到破坏,故最佳选项为A。4.B观点态度题。从短文中最后一段最后一句中的avaluableexperiment可以推断出作者的态度是积极的,因此B项正确。高级语块高级语块1.consumev.消耗;吃2.opposev.反对3.reintroducev.重新引入Passage3(2015课标全国,C)词数:269Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(
21、间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshavep
22、utofftheirentryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS).Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromU-CASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.“Studentswhotakeawell-plannedy
23、earoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Stu-dentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible,”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),ar-guedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardshipyoungpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmone
24、ybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstu-dentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%d
25、uringvacationperi-ods,”hesaid.1.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisatimeforrelaxation.C.Itisincreasinglypopular.D.Itisrequiredbyuniversities.2.AccordingtoTonyHiggins,studentstakingagapyear.A.arebetterpreparedforcollegestudiesB.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobsC.aremo
26、relikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD.haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities3.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?A.Hespuzzled.B.Hesworried.C.Hessurprised.D.Hesannoyed.4.WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A.Attendadditionalcourses.B.Makeplansforthenewterm.C.Earnmo
27、neyfortheireducation.D.Preparefortheirgraduatestudies.答案答案语篇解读本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。1.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,TonyHiggins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大学教育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。故选A。3.B观点态度题。在第四段中出现了evidenceofstudenthardship,bein
28、gforcedintoearningmoney,areforcedtowork等体现OwainJames观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对间隔年这一现象表示担忧。4.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选C。长难句长难句Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginatedwiththemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.间隔年现象起源于给牛津大学和剑桥大学的申请者留下的几个月,从十一月的入学考试到下
29、一学年开学之间。本句主干是:Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginatedwiththemonths,leftover.academicyear作后置定语。B B组组 自主命题自主命题省（区、市）卷题组省（区、市）卷题组Passage1(2018天津,B)词数:420WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherde
30、ath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?”“No,butIllrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“Werefine.”Tourgu
31、idesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouwerentthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneup-stairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosi-ty.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.I
32、turnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“Whatsthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,itsourhome.”Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”“Theressomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfu
33、sed.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldntbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.Va
34、nGogh,Pi-casso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover
35、,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeel-ingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.Ivealwayswantedtothankyou.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.2.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehel
36、pfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymus
37、euminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshoul
38、dspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于MarianMcNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“oncethehomeofawaterc
39、oloristnamedMarianMcNay(曾经是一个名叫MarianMcNay的水彩画画家的家)”可知MarianMcNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。3.A观点态度题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段中作者心里想的话“Whatwasthei
40、rproblem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆?根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。5.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的Inev
41、erre-alizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.可知:人们往往会对身边的美视而不见,故答案为C项。难句分析难句分析原句:Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouwerentthatinterestedin?分析:本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“Whatif.?”。此外youwerentthatinterestedin为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词apainting。译文:如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢?重点词汇重点词汇curiosityn.好奇sculp
42、turen.雕塑splendidadj.绝好的词汇积累词汇积累getononesnerves烦扰某人incase以防Passage2(2016四川,C)词数:313InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcus-toms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbec
43、auseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanf
44、romPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000liv-inginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin.“Ivebeenabletok
45、eepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenal-lowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idontseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”con-tinuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecific
46、worldsmoreclearly.”Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseem-inglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnot
47、onlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.1.WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A.TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C.Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D.TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.2.Ginintroducesthespecia
48、lworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas.A.atourguideB.ageographerC.afilmdirectorD.aphotographer3.WhatisGinsattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B.Theself-supporti
49、nghunting.C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处还有一些法属土著居民。一个巴黎人用自己的黑白镜头记录下了这个部落的人们的自由生活。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.(让人惊讶的是,这些人很大程度上根据他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活。)”可推知,他们很少遵守法国法律,故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第
50、二段中的aphotographicrecord可知Gin是以一个摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的,故答案为D项。A项:一个导游;B项:一个地理学家;C项:一位电影导演。3.D观点态度题。根据第三段中的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界,而是一片自由的乐土。”可推断出摄影师Gin是非常喜欢这个部落的生活的。所以答案为D项。cautious小心的,谨慎的;doubtful怀疑的,不确定的;uninterested不感兴趣的;appreciative欣赏的,感激的。4.A词义猜测题。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,该从句的意思是:伴随着这种生活方式不但带来了必要的国家福利,而且也带来了酗