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1、会计学1优秀优秀(yuxi)初中英语句子成分分析课件初中英语句子成分分析课件初中教育精选初中教育精选第一页，共70页。取得英语语法成功取得英语语法成功(chnggng)的基石的基石2第1页/共70页第二页，共70页。什么什么(shn me)是句子？是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个(y)(y)完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个(y)(y)字母字母必须大写，结尾要有？必须大写，结尾要有？！主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分.I am a teacher.Are you
2、 a student?How beautiful the girl is!3第2页/共70页第三页，共70页。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语(wiy)、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语(wiy)（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。句子包括句子包括(boku)哪些哪些成分？成分？第3页/共70页第四页，共70页。句子成分(1)谓主宾5第4页/共70页第五页，共70页。表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语Wh
3、atheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.6第5页/共70页第六页，共70页。主语（主语（subject）：句子）：句子(j zi)说明的人或事物。主说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首7第6页/
4、共70页第七页，共70页。n n在“There be”句型中，主语(zhy)的位置在n n be动词之后。n n如：n nThere are some bottles of milk in the box.n nThere is a duck in the lake.8第7页/共70页第八页，共70页。一、主语 主语可以(ky)用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.
5、What he needs is a book.（）8.It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree.（）名词名词(mng c)代词代词(dic)数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语9第8页/共70页第九页，共70页。形式(xngsh)主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。10第9页/共7
6、0页第十页，共70页。你能划出下列你能划出下列(xili)句子的真正的主语吗句子的真正的主语吗?翻译翻译1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)He is clever a lot.3)It is getting clod 4)It is easy for me to play the piano.5)The teacher is kind to us.说谎说谎(shu hung)是错误是错误的。的。11第10页/共70页第十一页，共70页。主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.W
7、hathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实）12第11页/共70页第十二页，共70页。说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.13第12页/共70页第十三页，共70页。n n1.We1.We love love China.China.n n2.We have finishedhave finished reading this book.reading this book.n n3.He 3.He can speakcan speak English.English.n n4.
8、She 4.She seemsseems tired.tired.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语(zhy)做什么或怎么样。通常由做什么或怎么样。通常由_充当充当.实义动词实义动词(dngc)或系动词或系动词(dngc)动词动词(dngc)常分为实义动词常分为实义动词(dngc),连系动词连系动词(dngc),情态动词情态动词(dngc)和助动词和助动词(dngc).14第13页/共70页第十四页，共70页。情态动词和助动词不能单独情态动词和助动词不能单独(dnd)充当谓语充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English w
9、ell.They are playing over there.动词动词(dngc)常分为实义动词常分为实义动词(dngc),连系动词连系动词(dngc),情态动词情态动词(dngc)和助动词和助动词(dngc).15第14页/共70页第十五页，共70页。Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.look after照顾(zho g)16第15页/共70页第十六页，共70页。
10、表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”（所做的事）宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词(mng c)，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词(mng c)，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后17第16页/共70页第十七页，共70页。宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么(shnme)。一般放在一般放在_或或_后面后面.1.W
11、e study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接双宾语：指人的是间接(jin ji)宾语，指物的是直接宾语。宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词(jwdnc)介词介词间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语18第17页/共70页第十八页，共70页。Hegavememememe.Tomteachesusus双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词常跟双宾语的词 give,buy,teach19第18页/共70页第
12、十九页，共70页。二、宾语可以二、宾语可以(ky)(ky)用下面这些东西表示：用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He 5.He began began toto learn learn English English a a year
13、 year ago.(ago.()6.He 6.He did did not not know know what what toto say.(say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty 8.She felt it her duty toto take good care of them.take good care of them.()名词名词(mng c)代词代词(dic)数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定
14、式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语20第19页/共70页第二十页，共70页。Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoAByourpronunciation.CD宾语在哪里21第20页/共70页第二十一页，共70页。Summary2 2谓语“做.”或“怎么样”3 3宾语动作行为”做”的对象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1 122第21页/共70页第二十二页，共70页。She is a beautiful girl.23第22页/共70页第二十三页，共70页。句子成分(2)定状补表24
15、第23页/共70页第二十四页，共70页。说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisabankclerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表语说明表语说明(shumng)主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面25第24页/共70页第二十五页，共70页。表语：跟在表语：跟在 后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句(cn j),用用来说明主语的身份来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.Th
16、e trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.系动词(dngc)26第25页/共70页第二十六页，共70页。Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be（is am are）Iamhungry.持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。27第26页/共70页第二十七页，共70页。Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词感官系动词 主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsveryswee
17、t.变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。28第27页/共70页第二十八页，共70页。表语表语 表语可以用下面这些表语可以用下面这些(zhxi)(zhxi)东西表示：东西表示：He is a teacher.()He is a teacher.()My idea is this.()My idea is this.()ToTo see is see is toto believe.()believe.()I I feel feel much much better better today./I today./I must mus
18、t be be off off now.now.()He is out of danger.()He is out of danger.()The The news news was was exciting./They exciting./They were were excited excited at at the the news.()news.()What What surprised surprised me me most most was was that that he he spoke spoke Chinese Chinese so so well.()well.()名词
19、名词(mng c)代词代词(dic)不定式不定式从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词29第28页/共70页第二十九页，共70页。找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.30第29页/共70页第三十页，共70页。修饰名词或代词定语Shesagoodbasketballplayer.Whatsyourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.31第30页/共70页第三十一页，共70页。定语：用来定语：用来(yn li)修饰修饰_.This is a red car.The building
20、is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the door is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语(dngy)名词名词(mng c)和代词和代词32第31页/共70页第三十二页，共70页。三、定语三、定语 定语可以用下面定语可以用下面(xi mian)(xi mian)这些东西表示：这些东西表示：Its a red car.()Its a red car.()They
21、 live in the room above.()They live in the room above.()My brother is a teacher.()My brother is a teacher.()We belong We belong toto the third world.()the third world.()Lucys Lucys father father is is a a poor poor worker.(worker.()Mother Mother made made a a birthday birthday cake cake for for me.(
22、me.()The The man man under under the the tree tree is is my my teacher.(teacher.()The The swimming swimming boy boy is is my my brother./The brother./The boy boy swimming swimming in in the the river river is is my my brother.brother.()形容词形容词副词副词(fc)代词代词(dic)数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词33第32页/
23、共70页第三十三页，共70页。找出定语Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD34第33页/共70页第三十四页，共70页。修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.35第34页/共70页第三十五页，共70页。四、状语四、状语四、状语四、状语(zhungy)(zhungy)(zhungy)(zhungy)状
24、语状语状语状语(zhungy)(zhungy)(zhungy)(zhungy)可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示：He is often late for class.()He is often late for class.()He is often late for class.()He is often late for class.()We We We We saw saw saw saw that that that that picture picture picture picture at at at at the t
25、he the the cinema.(cinema.(cinema.(cinema.()He sat there smoking.()He sat there smoking.()He sat there smoking.()He sat there smoking.()They They They They returned returned returned returned tired tired tired tired and and and and hungry.hungry.hungry.hungry.（）They They They They did did did did ev
26、erything everything everything everything they they they they could could could could totototo save save save save the the the the boys boys boys boys life.life.life.life.（）Although Although Although Although he he he he is is is is young,young,young,young,he he he he knows knows knows knows a a a a
27、 lot.lot.lot.lot.()The The The The box box box box is is is is so so so so heavy heavy heavy heavy that that that that I I I I cant cant cant cant lift lift lift lift it.it.it.it.()副词副词(fc)，程度程度介词介词(jic)短语，短语，地点地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句36第35页/共70页第三十六页，共70页。四、状语可以用
28、下面四、状语可以用下面(xi mian)(xi mian)这些东西表示：这些东西表示：While While my my wife wife was was reading reading the the newspaper,newspaper,I I was was watching watching TV.TV.（）He He was was angry angry because because we we were were latelate(）If If it it rains rains tomorrow,tomorrow,we we wont wont go go out.(ou
29、t.()时间时间(shjin)状状语从句语从句原因状语原因状语(zhungy)从句从句条件状语从句条件状语从句37第36页/共70页第三十七页，共70页。找出状语Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCDTherewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD38第37页/共70页第三十八页，共70页。用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.39第38页/共70页第三十九页，共70页。注意注意(zh y)点点 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足(b z)
30、语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足(b z)语构成复合宾语。比如说：I like to keep everything tidy.Im going to paint it pink.40第39页/共70页第四十页，共70页。n n 感官动词(dngc)和使役动词(dngc)加宾补，如：See，hear,notice,watch,hear，feel,observe(感官动词(dngc)，Make，have,let(使役动词(dngc)，接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。n n 1.I hear him sing.n n 2.Let him help you
31、.41第40页/共70页第四十一页，共70页。五、宾语五、宾语五、宾语五、宾语(bny)(bny)(bny)(bny)补足语：补足语：补足语：补足语：I consider Jim a good friend.()I consider Jim a good friend.()I consider Jim a good friend.()I consider Jim a good friend.()I always find her happy.()I always find her happy.()I always find her happy.()I always find her happy
32、.()People praised him as a hero.()People praised him as a hero.()People praised him as a hero.()People praised him as a hero.()I had the TV fixed.()I had the TV fixed.()I had the TV fixed.()I had the TV fixed.()I saw him entering the building.()I saw him entering the building.()I saw him entering th
33、e building.()I saw him entering the building.()What What What What made made made made you you you you think think think think so?(so?(so?(so?()Do you want me Do you want me Do you want me Do you want me totototo go?()go?()go?()go?()形容词形容词名词名词(mng c)介词介词(jic)短短语语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定
34、式42第41页/共70页第四十二页，共70页。IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD找出宾补43第42页/共70页第四十三页，共70页。Summary2 2定语用来修饰名词或代词3 3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词4 4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1 144第43页/共70页第四十四页，共70页。句子成份句子成份(chng fn)练习练习1 1、You should studyYou should study hard hard.2 2、The teacher got The teacher got v
35、ery angryvery angry.3 3、The boy told The boy told me his storyme his story.4 4、We elected We elected him our monitorhim our monitor.5 5、The sun keeps The sun keeps us warmus warm.6 6、I told I told him to open the window.him to open the window.7 7、We watched We watched the train leaving the station.t
36、he train leaving the station.状语状语(zhungy)表语表语(bioy)间语间语+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补45第44页/共70页第四十五页，共70页。8.I think 8.I think it difficult to finish the work this it difficult to finish the work this morning.morning.9.There seems 9.There seems little hopes of successlittle hopes of succe
37、ss.1010、To our joyTo our joy,they arrived,they arrived safesafe.1111、The fact is very clear The fact is very clear that our team will win that our team will win the game.the game.12.12.After After graduationgraduation he he will will work work where where he he came from.came from.宾语宾语(bny)+宾补宾补主语主语
38、(zhy)状语状语(zhungy)同位语同位语状语状语46第45页/共70页第四十六页，共70页。47第46页/共70页第四十七页，共70页。按句子按句子按句子按句子(j zi)(j zi)的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。谓语）。谓语）。谓语）。e.g.H
39、e often reads English in the morning.e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.Tom and Mike are American boys.They walked,talked and laughed.They walked,talked and laughed.48第47页/共70页第四十八页，共70页。英英语语(yn(yn y)y)句句子子的的基基本本结结构构可可以以归归纳纳成成五五种种基基本本句型句型掌握(zhngw)这五种基本句型，是掌握(zhn
40、gw)各种英语句子结构的基础。一：一：（主谓）（主谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）49第48页/共70页第四十九页，共70页。基本句型 二 +（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须(bx)加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有
41、什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。50第49页/共70页第五十页，共70页。（是系动词）（是系动词）(表语表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisfaceissmells(闻闻)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.51第50页/共70页第五十一页，共70页。系动词词义系动词词义(c y)(c y)不完整，在句中不不完整，在句中不能单独
42、使用（除省略句外），后面必须能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。谓语。52第51页/共70页第五十二页，共70页。一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第第第第一一一一类类类类：表表表表示示示示特特特特征征征征或或或或状状状状态态态态(zhungti)(zhungti)(zhungti)(zhungti)的的的的，有有有有bebebebe，looklooklooklook，fee
43、lfeelfeelfeel，seemseemseemseem，appearappearappearappear，smellsmellsmellsmell，tastetastetastetaste，soundsoundsoundsound，turn outturn outturn outturn out（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。You dont look very well.You dont look very well.You dont look very well.You dont look very well.I feel ra
44、ther cold.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.第52页/共70页第五十三页，共70页。第第第第二二二二类类类类：表表表表示示示示(biosh)(biosh)从从从从一一一一种种种种状状状状态态态态到到到到另另另另一一一一种种种种状状状状态态态态的的的的变变变变化化化化，有有有有becomebecome，getget，growgrow，turnturn，fallfall，gogo，comecome，runrun等。等。等。等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Hebecameawo
45、rld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.Thefoodhasturnedbad.第53页/共70页第五十四页，共70页。第第第第三三三三类类类类：表表表表示示示示保保保保持持持持(boch)(boch)(boch)(boch)状状状状态态态态的的的的，有有有有keepkeepkeepkeep，remainremainremainremain，continue continue continue conti
46、nue，staystaystaystay等。等。等。等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!It remains It remains It remains It remains totototo be proved.be proved.be proved.be proved.第54页/共70页第五十五页，共70页。基本句型 三+t+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有(jyu)实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，
47、才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第55页/共70页第五十六页，共70页。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.第56页/共70页第五十七页，共70页。基本句型 四+t+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个(lin)宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个(lin
48、)宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。第57页/共70页第五十八页，共70页。（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunt
49、hemachine.thatthebuswaslate.第58页/共70页第五十九页，共70页。基本句型 五+t+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词(j w dn c)，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。第59页/共70页第六十页，共70页。（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemc
50、lean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.第60页/共70页第六十一页，共70页。用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足(b z)语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语方式。即：主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语。如：真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第61页/共70页第六十二页，共70页。并列句并列句 定定