《减速箱的基本概念和知识.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《减速箱的基本概念和知识.pptx（56页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Preparatory technical course 技术教程技术教程Drive/驱动Theoretical fundamental concepts 基本概念Gear reducer/齿轮减速机Size/规格Gear pairs and train of gears 齿轮副和齿轮系Design and mounting position 设计和安装方式Designation/名称ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI第1页/共56页2驱动驱动P1 0,12 kWM1n1 10003000 min-1P2M2 240 000 daN mn2 0250 min-1Q马达马达 减速机减速机被驱动
2、机器被驱动机器传动传动第2页/共56页3DRIVEMotors/马达-asynchronous/异步-a.c.+inverter 交流变速-d.c.+convert.直流变速-brushless/无刷电机 Gear red./减速机-worm/蜗杆-coaxial/同轴-parallel/平行轴-right angle/直角轴-planetary/行星式Machines/机械适用于几乎所有类型的机械或系统Transmissions/传动Direct connection直接连接联轴器齿轮副带驱动链驱动减速机降低速度、增加扭矩的公式减速机降低速度、增加扭矩的公式P kW=MdaN m n/955
3、第3页/共56页4联轴器简介联轴器简介主要使用弹性联轴器 弹性套柱销联轴器 弹性梅花形联轴器第4页/共56页5PHILOSOPHY BY ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORIStandard product/一流产品Wide range of types/产品范围广Compactness,reliability,modular 简洁，可靠，模块化construction,flexibility/结构适应性强Compliance to standards/服从标准Modernity/现代化第5页/共56页6基本概念基本概念Force F:/力三要素：大小，方向，作用点单位:N,daN,kNTor
4、que M:力矩(M=F b)/力x力臂单位:N m,daN m,kN mMass m:/质量为材料的特性单位:kgMoment of inertia of mass J:/转动惯量 圆周运动时产生与旋转半径有关J=m r 2单位:kg m2FMFbmr第6页/共56页7转动惯量简介转动惯量简介第7页/共56页8GEAR REDUCER/减速机减速机减速，增加扭矩减速，增加扭矩第8页/共56页9GEAR REDUCER高速轴直径小 低速轴直径大传动比i=n1/n2 1构成：箱体，齿轮副，轴承，轴，密封圈，等等。（说明减速机质量时，需从构成上分别说明）常用输入速度:n1=900 3000 min
5、-13000rpm基本为罗西的最大容许输入速度第9页/共56页10GEAR REDUCERGEAR REDUCER减速机(减机）GEAR MOTOR WITHOUT MOTOR无马达减速马达GEARMOTOR减速马达（减马）第10页/共56页11Size/规格规格The size of a gear reducer is given by the centre distance of final reduction 减速机的规格由末级减速的中心距给定(EP02:最后一级减速箱体的外径)例如：R 2I 125 表示，减速机的末级减速中心距为表示，减速机的末级减速中心距为125第11页/共56页1
6、2Gears and trains of gears齿轮和齿轮组齿轮和齿轮组罗西公司设计、加工和研磨以下类型的齿轮。圆柱齿轮，用I表示，主要应用于平行轴和同心轴减速机，也用于其它类型。伞齿轮，用C 表示，用于直角轴减速机 蜗杆，用V 表示，用于蜗杆减速机例如:R 3I,R ICI,R V,MR 2IV,MR C2I第12页/共56页13罗西型号中各种符号的含义罗西型号中各种符号的含义第13页/共56页14Casehardened and hardened(greater load capacity,smaller overall dimensions)经渗碳硬化和表面硬化（更大的承载能力，更小
7、的总体尺寸）Ground profile/外形轮廓经过研磨Load capacity(according to ISO 6336):承载能力（达到ISO6336标准）Verified to pitting for an unlimited life 工作状况下永不锈蚀Verified to breakage/经过破坏验证Optimised dimensioning/尺寸经优化 Cylindrical gears I圆柱齿轮圆柱齿轮第14页/共56页15圆柱齿轮材料:16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5(UNI 7846-78)fs=1 per 25 000himax=6,3（单级最大传动比
8、）=0,98（单级传动效率）在冷热情况下，均可持续运转Cylindrical gears I第15页/共56页16imax=6,3=0,98 Spiral toothing Gleason/格里森螺旋齿材料:16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5 (UNI7846-78)经渗碳硬化和表面硬化齿外形经研磨（规格为 C 160.C 320的产品）profile finished to skiving (sizes C 400.C 500)齿外形经刮磨（对于规格为C400-C500的产品）Possibility of reduced angular clearance 可减少角形间隙Bevel g
9、ears C伞齿轮伞齿轮第16页/共56页17几种表面加工工艺的表面粗糙度几种表面加工工艺的表面粗糙度Rz,微观不平度十点高度微观不平度十点高度粗车、粗刨、粗铣：不大于80,(微见刀痕)。车，刨，铣：1040（微见加工痕迹）车，磨：6.3（可辨加工痕迹方向）磨，刮：3.2（微辨加工痕迹方向）精磨，研磨：1.6（不可辨加工痕迹方向）第17页/共56页18Worm gears V/蜗齿轮蜗齿轮imax=63扭矩大小取决于速度大小（速度越小，Mn2越大）效率随输入功率，运转时间同向变化（功率越大，效率越高，运转时间越长，效率越高）噪音低Reducing vibrations and shocks 震
10、动与冲击小Possibility of reduced angular clearance of low speed shaft 可以减小低速轴的角形间隙（基本可以满足较高精度传动的要求）第18页/共56页19Worm gears VWorm made of16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5/材料casehardened and hardened,ground and superfinished,involute profile ZI 经过渗碳硬化和表面硬化，研磨和超级压光的渐开线轮廓Worm wheel made of phosphor bronze(PB2 BS 1400-85)an
11、d hub of spheroidal cast iron or steel 蜗轮由磷青铜PB2 BS 1400-85制成，蜗轮轴由球墨铸铁或钢制成。第19页/共56页20蜗杆、蜗轮材料选用依据及保养注意蜗杆、蜗轮材料选用依据及保养注意第20页/共56页Maag Oerlikon Opal 800圆柱齿形控制机器圆柱齿形控制机器Klingelnberg WNC 30伞齿形控制第21页/共56页22Careful control of gears:圆柱齿轮:Klingelnberg PNC 100,PNC 33伞齿轮:Klingelnberg PNC 100,PNC 33and Gleason
12、tester for rolling test第22页/共56页2 Klingelnberg PNC1 Olivetti Inspector1 Dea Gamma 3D1 single flank rolling test machine Klingelnberg PSE 1 Gleason Tester 1 Mitutoyo Metallographic laboratory2700 tools.世界上最好的，最贵的检测仪器，Quality control第23页/共56页24Advantages of grinding/研磨的优点研磨的优点Constant quality/质量恒定Avoi
13、ding thermal deformations/避免热变形Optimisation of teeth form(corrections of profile and helix)/优化齿性（校正外形和螺旋）Low noise level/噪音低Maximum efficiency/获得最大效率Interchangeability and smaller overall dimensions/可换性强，总体尺寸小Higher load capacity/高承载能力第24页/共56页技术教程技术教程 （第二部分）（第二部分）Efficiency/效率Thermal power/热功率Lubri
14、cation/润滑Fastening systems/紧固装置Nominal performances and fs 额定性能和服务系数Selection of drive/驱动类型选择Radial and axial loads/径向和轴向荷载ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI第25页/共56页26Efficiency /效率效率of gear reducer is given by the ratio between output power P2 and input power P1 and it is always 1(1)减速机的效率是输出功率与输入功率的比率，总是小于1。=P2/
15、P1=PN2/PN1第26页/共56页27效率效率 Plost=P1-P2 depends on:效率损失取决于Frictions(m)/摩擦Splash(oil level mounting position)飞溅（油位安装方式）Ventilation,lubrication pump/通风，润滑泵Cylindrical and bevel gear:圆柱齿轮和伞齿轮 =0,98 恒定Worm gear:蜗轮 0,90 variable变化的第27页/共56页28蜗杆减速机效率表蜗杆减速机效率表第28页/共56页29效率效率 For the worm gear if:如下情况，蜗轮效率会上升
16、：Increasing worm speed n/增加蜗杆转速Decreasing oil viscosity /减小油粘度Using synthetic oil/使用合成润滑油The gear reducer is warm/对减速机进行预热第29页/共56页30效率效率 Efficiency of external transmissions:常用外部机构的传动效率belt 0,95/带传动chain 0,98/链传动gears 0,96/齿轮传动hydraulic coupling 0,95/液力联轴器第30页/共56页31润滑润滑润滑作用包括:减小摩擦系数 减少热损失 Q=P1-P2
17、增加效率 降低油温 toil 减少材料磨损 润滑方式:oil splash溅油方式 circulation强制油循环第31页/共56页32润滑润滑 油润滑油润滑:矿物油矿物油(tmax=95C)或合成油 (tmax=125C)（对于衬底有特殊要求）特性:粘度(),粘度系数,滑动点,最大容许温升 脂润滑脂润滑:合成脂(tmax=125C)特性:耐久性,滴点,最大容许温升第32页/共56页33润滑润滑粘度选用所需考虑参数n 齿轮类型(蜗杆减速机要考虑安装方式)n 速度:速度大时，要求粘度小n n 扭矩:扭矩大时，需要粘度大M 第33页/共56页34润滑润滑使用合成油的好处-效率 升高-润滑间隔大大
18、增加 -应用领域增大-最大容许温度 升高-购买成本增加 第34页/共56页35Fastening systems固定方式固定方式地脚安装法兰安装第35页/共56页36Fastening systems固定方式固定方式特点:-结构紧凑-经济-Adequate to deforming and/or slightly precise structures空心低速轴 地脚安装 法兰安装 轴安装第36页/共56页37三种固定方式的根本区别三种固定方式的根本区别第37页/共56页38Nominal performances and fs额定性能和安全系数额定性能和安全系数fsIn the catalog
19、ues we state the nominal performances PN1,PN2,MN2They considered nominal as they are valid for the nominal service,that is at fixed values:Duration of running h(25 000圆柱,12 500蜗杆)Uniform load(M2=const.)“low”frequency of starting start/hAsynchronous three-phase motor第38页/共56页39M2max,M2,Mn2的区别的区别额定值的定
20、义第39页/共56页40Nominal performances and fsService factor fs:parameter quantifying the different nature of real running conditions compared to nominal performances.fs=MN2/M2=PN2/P2 Nominal performances fs=1Real service Nominal service(fs 1)On the catalogues see the table for the calculation of fs第40页/共5
21、6页41Nominal performances and fs Is it right to do the comparison between the performances of the gear reducers of 2 different manufacturers with the same fs?如何正确的比较两个不同的制造商的安全系数是否相同,fs=1 for manufacturer A and B ONLY IF:Nominal performances defined in the same way(considering the same nominal servic
22、e)Using the same standards and methods of calculationotherwise fsA fsBFor fs 1 the comparison between A and B is possible only if they have the same law of variation for fs 第41页/共56页Preparatory Technical Course(3rd part)Materials材料Noise噪音Torque limiters扭力限制器Standards 标准Rossi Motoriduttori优势Modular s
23、ystemQuality systems质量ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI第42页/共56页43Materials/材料材料箱体:通常为球墨铸铁 G 200 UNI ISO 185某些平行轴或直角轴减速机(Cat.H02)使用电镀复合钢高速轴:渗碳硬化和表面硬化合成钢低速轴:渗碳硬化和表面硬化合成钢空心低速轴:钢圆柱齿轮材料:16CrNi4 or 20MnCr5其他部件:轴承品牌:密封圈品牌:第43页/共56页44钢材性能比较钢材性能比较第44页/共56页45NoiseLw1,Lw2,Lw3,Lfondo,Lriverbero Lp第45页/共56页46Gearmotor/减速马达减速马
24、达马达与减速箱直接连接.第46页/共56页47Torque limitersDevices acting in case of overloads of M in order to save the drive.Possible types:electronic:wattmetric relais invertermechanical:Friction torque limiter(output)Module of friction torque limiter(MLA)Module of ball type torque limiter(MLS)第47页/共56页48Torque limit
25、ers(output)Mounting of external friction type torque limiter intermediate a),(output)b)a)b)第48页/共56页49Modules of torque limiters(input)Mounting of module between gear reducer and motor(input),in the combined groups between gear reducer and gearmotorMLAMLS第49页/共56页50points of strength优势优势Complete ran
26、geStandard productsModular system模块化Maximum compactnessStandardized motors to IECComplete documentationTotal control of industrial processCertified quality systemTechnical assistance分别对应于客户什么样的问题第50页/共56页51Complete rangeWorm gear reducers and gearmotorsCoaxial gear reducers and gearmotorsParallel sh
27、aft gearmotors and gear reducersRight angle shaft gear reducersAsynchronous three-phase motorsInverters第51页/共56页52Standard manufacturingStandard manufacturing programmeWide experience in the manufacturing of the same partsLower production costsPossibility of stock manufacturing Shorter delivery time
28、sStandard commercial components(bearings,seal rings,motors,etc.)Better service for the customer第52页/共56页53The Modularity is a project concept that,thanks to standards,to normal numbers etc.,has the goal of obtaining the quantity of products required by the market with the lowest number of components
29、.Advantages:Lower costsHigher quality and controlBetter delivery timesModule system模块化模块化好处第53页/共56页54Motor standardised to IEC(gearmotor)Advantages:interchangeability,better deltimes,economyMotor range:Asynchronous three-phase motor;Standard or brake motor with d.c.brake or with d.c.safety brake;Standard or brake(double speed)motor第54页/共56页55THE ENDROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI第55页/共56页56感谢您的观看。第56页/共56页