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1、会计学1Unit Robots 动词动词(dngc)不定式的被动不定式的被动语态语态 新课标新课标 选修七选修七第一页，共43页。1.Bill felt great pleasure when he tried his new fax machine and it worked.2.He felt pity for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.3.Even though Jane told him many times to go away her brot
2、her still accompanied her to the doctor.1.Rewrite these sentences using words or phrases of similar meaning from the text to replace the underlined parts.satisfaction,tested outsympathyleave alone第1页/共43页第二页，共43页。4.Her greatest wish was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.5.Please call me before y
3、ou buy a new digital camera so I can go with you.6.She looked at the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.7.It was ridiculous that his own mother would not talk to him about the affair.8.He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exerc
4、ise.desirering upscannedabsurddeclared第2页/共43页第三页，共43页。(News,16/04/2321)Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how,at one time,people could buy robots as house decorators.The robots would _ the literature for the latest ideasin home decoration.Often the rob
5、ots would _ designs that were grander than their owners wanted.Brightly coloured _ and _ would be suggested together with brightly patterned walls and carpets.2.Complete the following paragraph using the words and phrase in their proper forms.turn around scan awful alarm clerk cushion declare favour
6、 bedding scanfavourcushionsbeddings第3页/共43页第四页，共43页。Some of the _ in the shops thought that the designs were _.While some owners were firm with their robots suggestions,others would _ and walk out of the shop,feeling embarrassed.A few other robots would even get intophysical fights with their owners
7、 in public as their electrical systems sometimes would set off the shops_.After a while the government decided such behaviour was not appropriate and passed a law _ robots should not leave the house.So robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!clerksawfulturn aroundalarmsdeclari
8、ng第4页/共43页第五页，共43页。GrammarPassive Voice第5页/共43页第六页，共43页。一一.复习被动语态复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice)英语动词有主动英语动词有主动(zhdng)语态语态（the active voice）和被动语态（和被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。）两种形式。主动主动(zhdng)语态表示主语是动作的执行者语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Everyone enjoys exciting sports.(主动主动(zhdng)语态语
9、态)Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.(被动语态被动语态)第6页/共43页第七页，共43页。被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:be+done （以（以 the book,publish 为例）为例）一般现在一般现在/过去时：过去时：The book _.一般一般/过去将来时过去将来时:The book _.The book _.现在现在/过去进行过去进行(jnxng)时：时：The book _.现在现在/过去完成时过去完成时:The book _.情态动词：情态动词：The book _.is/was publishedwill/would
10、be publishedis/was going to be publishedis/was being publishedhas/had been publishedcan/could/may/mightbe published第7页/共43页第八页，共43页。一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am/is/are done过去过去was/were given 将来将来shall/will be done时时式式常见主被动常见主被动(bidng)时态变化一览表时态变化一览表(以动词以动词do为例）为例）am/is/are being donehas/have been donewas/were
11、being donehad been doneshall/will have been done第8页/共43页第九页，共43页。Music is being taught(by Miss Li)now.转换规则：转换规则：用公式用公式(gngsh)表示为表示为:(主动主动)S+V+O S(O)+V(be+pp)+by+O(S),如：如：Miss Li is teaching music now.第9页/共43页第十页，共43页。不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态不定式的时态(sh ti)和语态和语态 不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完
12、完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动动(zhdng)(zhdng)语语态态和和被被动动语语态态，如如下下表所示。表所示。第10页/共43页第十一页，共43页。语态语态 时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式进行式 to be doing/完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing/第11页/共43页第十二页，共43页。动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式动词不定式的被动语态有两
13、种形式(xngsh)：1）一般式）一般式 （not/never）to be done 2）完成式）完成式 （not/never）to have been done 第12页/共43页第十三页，共43页。(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance.(2)I want to go home.(3)He wants to be invited.Examples:第13页/共43页第十四页，共43页。当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的执执行行者者时时用用主主动动(zhdng)(zhdng
14、)语语态态；当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表达达的的动动作作的的承承受受者时用被动语态。者时用被动语态。第14页/共43页第十五页，共43页。e.g.He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月内建成这座桥。他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般一般(ybn)被动式被动式)She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的帮助得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴。她很高兴。(完成被动式完成被动式)第15页/共43页第十六页，共43页。1.动词动词(d
15、ngc)不定式的被动语态的不定式的被动语态的用法用法:不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语(zhy)是不定式是不定式动作的承受者动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语(zhy)是不定式是不定式动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。动作之前。第16页/共43页第十七页，共43页。2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1)做主语（常用做
16、主语（常用it做形式主语）做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.被邀请在这儿发言是我的荣幸被邀请在这儿发言是我的荣幸(rngxng)。2)做表语做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening.It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by.It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.第17页/共43页第十八页，共43页。3)做宾语做宾语 She didnt like to be tre
17、ated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.他要求被派往新疆他要求被派往新疆(xn jin)工作。工作。4)做宾语补足语做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.他希望这封信马上打印他希望这封信马上打印(d yn)出来。出来。He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.第18页/共43页第十九页，共43页。5
18、）做定语）做定语 Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?英国人对即将英国人对即将(jjing)在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.6）做状语）做状语 She was too young to be assigned such work.他匆忙他匆忙(cngmng)赶到订票处（赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。所有的票
19、都卖完了。He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.第19页/共43页第二十页，共43页。不定式的主动形式不定式的主动形式(xngsh)表示被动意义表示被动意义NOTICE1.There be 结构结构(jigu)中，用不定式的主动和被中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。动式来修饰主语，区别不大。There is a lot of work to do/to be done.(多用主动形式多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。没有什么可担心的。There
20、 is nothing to worry about.第20页/共43页第二十一页，共43页。2.在在“主语主语(zhy)+表语（形容词）表语（形容词）to do”中，中，主语主语(zhy)也是也是 不定式的逻辑宾语不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语即不定式动词和主语(zhy)之间是之间是 动宾关系。动宾关系。This question is easy to answer.（分析：（分析：answer(动动)-this question（宾）（宾）注意：注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal
21、 with.（分析：（分析：_(动动)-_(宾宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。这题目很难算出来。deal withJohnThe armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out第21页/共43页第二十二页，共43页。“主语主语+表语（形容词）表语（形容词）to do”结构结构(jigu)中常用的中常用的形容词有形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，im
22、portant，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。等。第22页/共43页第二十三页，共43页。3.在在“tooto do;enoughto”结构结构(jigu)中。如：中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.第23页/共43页第二十四页，共43页。4在在“with+n+to do”结构结构(jigu)中。中。例如：例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exe
23、rcises to do，I cant go to the cinema第24页/共43页第二十五页，共43页。5.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时）He has nothing to eat.分析：分析：eat 动动nothing宾宾 /he 主主eat 谓谓 I will give you a book to read.分析：分析：_ 动动_宾宾/_主主_谓谓 这个这个(zh ge)优雅的女人有事情要宣布。优雅的女人有事情要宣布。r
24、eada bookyoureadThe elegant lady had something to declare.第25页/共43页第二十六页，共43页。比较比较(bjio)：I have a lot of letters to type.(我有很多信件要打印：我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed.(意思为：意思为：I get sb.to type the letter)1)Ill go to New York.Have you anything _(take)to your wife the
25、re?2)Have you any clothes _(wash),sir?”asked the maid 3)I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash)to be takento be washedto wash 注意：若句中没有不定式动作注意：若句中没有不定式动作(dngzu)的发出者时，的发出者时，不定式则必须用被动式。不定式则必须用被动式。第26页/共43页第二十七页，共43页。6.当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在 for sb to do结构中时。例如结构中时。例如(lr)：This is the best book to
26、 read(=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有动词有 let(出租出租),rent,hire,blame 等。例如等。例如(lr)：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.第27页/共43页第二十八页，共43页。1.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the meeting
27、had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.toldBExercise 第28页/共43页第二十九页，共43页。2.Do let your mother know all the 2.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appears_ everything.truth,she appears_ everything.A.to tell B.to be told B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have b
28、een told D.to have been toldD第29页/共43页第三十页，共43页。3.Little Tom should love_ to the 3.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking C.being taken D.takingA第30页/共43页第三十一页，共43页。4.It is said that plastics can
29、 be used 4.It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.used to_ plastics products.A.make;using B.making;using B.making;using C.making;use D.make;use D.make;useA第31页/共43页第三十二页，共43页。5.With a lot of problems_,the 5.With a
30、 lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a newly-elected president is having a hard time.hard time.A.settled B.settling A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled C.to settle D.being settledC第32页/共43页第三十三页，共43页。6.He_ and was made to repeat it.6.He_ and was made to repeat it.A.di
31、dnt understand B.didnt be understood B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understood D.wasnt understoodD第33页/共43页第三十四页，共43页。7.Visitors_ not to touch the 7.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.exhibits.A.will request A.will request B.request B.request C.are requesting C.
32、are requesting D.are requested D.are requestedD第34页/共43页第三十五页，共43页。8.In some parts of the world,tea _ 8.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves C.serves D.served D.servedB第35页/共43页第三十六页，共43页。1.It will take several weeks for your comp
33、uter to _(repair).2.I knew him _(catch)by the police.3.A vote is required _(take)in our company at once.4.This makes it possible for them _(make)metals into any required shapes.5.Dick sped on the motorway only _(fine).6.When some money went missing from the bank,Thomas was believed _(steal)it.be rep
34、airedto have been caughtto be takento maketo have stolento be fined练习练习(linx)第36页/共43页第三十七页，共43页。7.I hope _(admit)to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _ (translate)into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome)into their society.10.Come on!The sentence is easy _(translate).11.W
35、hen I came in,he pretended to _.(read)12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive)in time for Christmas.13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive)after drinking.to translateto be welcomedhave been translatedto be admittedbe readingto be receivednot to drive第37页/共43页第三十八页，共43页。14.Heari
36、ng the good news,he was too excited _(speak).15.It happened _(rain)when I got there.16.I am terribly sorry _(lose)your key.17.I am sorry _(say)that he is going from bad to worse.18.He asked _(send)to the place where he was most needed.19.What he hoped was _(admit)into the university20.He got to the
37、station only _(find)all the tickets had been sold out.21.I am sorry _(keep)you waiting so long.to speakto be rainingto have lostto sayto be sentto be admittedto findto have kept第38页/共43页第三十九页，共43页。22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain)what he had learnt.23.My advisor encouraged me _(
38、take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.24.I dont know whether you happen _(hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.25.The flu is believed _(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.26.He seems _（punish)by his teacher yesterday.2
39、7._(save)the badly sick lady,the doctor had an operation on her.28.He was too frightened _ (say)anything.to explainto taketo have heardto be causedto have been punishedTo saveto say第39页/共43页第四十页，共43页。29.The school ordered all the classroom _(clean).30.My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry)about
40、.31.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter _(post)?32.You are lucky enough _ (not catch)in the rain.not to have been caughtto be postedto worry to be cleaned第40页/共43页第四十一页，共43页。二、翻译练习二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了据说这会议已经被取消了 The meeting is said to have been cancelled.2.这个学生这个学生(xu sheng)似乎已经对政治失去
41、了兴趣。似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。The student seems to have lost interest in politics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。The disabled dont like to be laughed at.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。没有可以可以浪费的时间了。There is no time to waste/be wasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸 It is a great honor to be invited to the English Club.第41页/共43页第四十二页，共43页。6.她假装她假装(jizhung)没有听懂我说的话。没有听懂我说的话。She pretended not to understand what I had said.7.我希望被中山大学录取。我希望被中山大学录取。I hope/expect to be admitted into Zhangshan University8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。I am sorry to have forgotten your telephone number.第42页/共43页第四十三页，共43页。