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1、英语四级基础辅导英语四级基础辅导非谓语非谓语过去分词过去分词过去分词也有双重性，一方面有动词的性质，如：I saw the ball thrown into the garden.另一方面相当于形容词，如：She is very worried.过去分词属于非谓语一种，所以在句中不可用作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用表语、定语、状语、补足语等。1.句法作用句法作用1)I feel a little tired.Hes gone.Youre mistaken.特别提醒：特别提醒：A.现在分词作表语与动名词作表语的区别现在分词作表语与动名词作表语的区别：Our task is keepin
2、g the room clean.His speech is encouraging.B.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：The glass is broken.The glass was broken by my brother.C.现在分词作表语和过去分词作表语的区别：The news was disappointing to him.She was disappointed at the news.2)Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.spoken English a developing country a develope
3、d country特别提醒：A.现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别：the falling leaves the fallen leaves the rulling class the rulled classB.现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：a sleeping car a sleeping baby working method working peopleC.分词作定语与不定式作定语的区别：不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river现在分词作定语表示正
4、在进行的动作。如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river注意：过去分词短语用作定语时一般都放在所修饰名词的后面，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁。如：The concert given by the band was a great success.(=The concert that was given by the band was a
5、great success.)3）When he hurried home,he found his money stolen.Have you had your passport checked.4）He looked very happy when praised.注意：当强调时间概念时，过去分词之前可用连词when和while。如：When asked why he came here,he said that he should takethe responsibility of the accident.Born and bred in the countryside,he was
6、confused by thebig city.Given more time,Ill do it better.United,we stand;divided,we fall.Mocked at by everybody,he had my sympathy.注意：强调让步观念时，过去分词前可用连词although，如Although exhausted by the climb,he continued his journey.注意：A.分词作状语时，分词动作的逻辑主语要求与句子的主语一致。比较：Hearing the news,his tears rolled down.正确When h
7、e heard the news,his tears rolled down.Seen from the top of the hill,he saw the whole of the village.正确 Looking from the top of the hill,he saw the whole of the village.B.现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别:过去分词常表示动作已经完成，一般有被动的含义；现在分词的被动结构（being 过去分词）一般表示一个正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生的被动动作，若强调被动动作发生在谓语动作之前，与谓语动词的动作有明显的先后关系，可用现在分词完成
8、式被动结构（having been 过去分词），常译为“曾经，已经”等意思，相比较过去分词作状语所表示的动作时间概念比较模糊，可表示发生在谓语动作之前，也可同时进行。试比较：Having been asked for several times,he made an answer.Shut in prison,he lost his freedom completely.现在分词的完成被动式主要用来作状语。作表语，定语和宾语补足语时，表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动意义，通常用过去分词。I enjoy the books written by Dickens.注意：a broken glass；a
9、n uninvited guest但不能说：a being broken glass；a being uninvited guest；比较：The problem,discussed at yesterdays meeting,was settled at last.The problem being discussed now is difficult to settle.ed+主句（不强调时间先后）主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间主句（强调时间先后）
10、如不强调时间先后可用先后可用ed,一般式来代替。一般式来代替。1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.Written in simple English,the book is easy to read2.Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.3.Having been used for many years,the bike needs repairing.分词作定语时，要注意其句中的结构：分词在句中的作用 分词的逻辑主语 分词与逻辑 主语的关系
11、举 例 作定语(前置或后置定语)被修饰 的名词 主动关系:用现在分词 an interesting story a girl standing under the tree 作定语(前置或后置定语）被修饰 的名词 被动关系:用过去分词 a broken cupa book written by him 分词作宾语补足语时要注意的结构：分词在句中的作用 分词的逻辑主语 分词与逻辑主语的关系 举 例 作宾语补足语 宾语 主动关系：用现在分词 I heard someoneknocking at the door.I always found him reading in the morning.被
12、动关系：用过去分词 I found everythingput in good order.I once heard this song sung in English.分词作状语时要注意的结构：分词在句中的作用 分词的逻辑主语 分词与逻辑主语的关系 举 例 作状语 全句的主语 主动关系：用现在分词 Being very busy,my father did not come back yesterday.被动关系：用过去分词 Helped by the teacher,I have made much progress in English study.分词作表语时，有如下固定结构：主语be
13、及其他系动词 表语 实 例 某人am,is,are,feel,become,通常用过去分词 I am interested in English.They became worriedabout their son.某物is,are,become,sound,通常用现在分词 The present situation is encouraging.Your suggestion sounds interesting.例题：例1:It is easy to think that a witness who saw a crime _ will be able to give all the an
14、swers.A)to be committed B)commit C)committing D)being committed例2：_with his report，the boss told John to write it all over again A)Not to satisfy B)Not having satisfied C)Not being satisfied D)Not satisfyingDC例3：_ more time，the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to the problem A)Giv
15、en B)Giving C)To give D)Be given例4:His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself_.A)understood B)to understand C)be understood D)understandAA【专项练习】(1)After graduation the students asked _ to the countryside.A)to send B)to be sending C)to be sent D)being sent(2)The last class _,t
16、he boys and girls began to clear their classroom.A)being over B)having been over C)was over D)overCB(3)We climbed to the top of the mountain,and saw the sun _.A)rising B)to rise C)rose D)risen(4)People all over the world have seen the remarkable changes _ in our country.A)taken place B)to take place
17、 C)taking place D)having been taken place(5)_ the city,she offered to be our guide.A)To be familiar B)Being familiar with C)Being familiar to D)Be familiar toACB(6)_ as the brightest boy in our class,he has already passed CET Band 6.A)To be known B)Knowing C)To know D)Known(7)There are a lot of prob
18、lems _ at the meeting.A)to be discussed B)discussedC)being discussed D)discussing(8)The overseas Chinese was very glad to see a new hospital _ in his hometown.A)to build B)be built C)being built D)to be buildingDAC(9)_ his homework,he continued to do some extra reading.A)Done B)Having done C)Doing D
19、)To have done(10)_ her sister,she is less kind and sometimes cold.A)Comparing to B)Comparing with C)Compared to D)Compare with(11)_ the report,I handed it to John.A)Having finished B)Being finishing C)Finishing D)To have finishedBCA(12)_,he can quickly find out whats wrong with the machine.A)Having
20、been well trained B)Having been trained C)To be well trained D)To have been well trained(13)Its no use _ to her about the importance of the document.A)to talk B)talk C)talking D)talked(14)Ive never seen the young man _ next to the director.A)sits B)sitting C)sat D)to sitACB(15)I was _ to find his ar
21、ticle on such an _ topic so _.A)surprised excitedbored B)surprisingexcitingboring C)surprisedexcitingboring D)surprisingexcitedbored(16)He was very sorry _ her at the airport.A)not to meet B)to not meet C)to have not meet D)not to have meet(17)Many things _ impossible in the past are common today.A)
22、to consider B)considered C)be considered D)consideringCDB非谓语动词的常用句型：It takes+时间+to do spendwaste+时间金钱+doing had better+do would rather+dothan do prefer+to dodoing Its no usegood+doing Its a waste of time+doing be worth+doing be worthy of+being done Its worth while+doing Would you mind+doing.?Would y
23、ou like/care+to do.?.have no choice but+to do./.,do nothing but+do .too.+to do .need/want/require+doing .be used to+doing(习惯做).have sb+do have sth+done .happened+to do(18)Im afraid you have been speaking too fast to make yourself(understand)_.(19)David was so(disappoint)_ about the decision that he
24、ran out of the classroom.(20)Do you remember(introduce)_ Professor Smith to Dr.Li during his first visit to China?(21)When he was in hospital,the nurse had his temperature(take)_ every four hours.(22)While(cross)_ the street,I saw someone waving to me.(23)He is going to get a tooth(pull)_ out.(24)I
25、dont mind(have)_ a dog in the house so long as it is clean.(25)She was glad to see her children well(take)_ care of in the nursery.understooddisappointedintroducingtakencrossingpulledhavingtaken(26)They denied(steal)_ the money.(27)We are looking forward to(receive)_ your letter.(28)They used to(liv
26、e)_ in Chicago,but now they live in New York.(29)John was caught(steal)_ his neighbors apples the other day.(30)I wondered why the boy often avoided(talk)_ with his classmates.(31)The man _(question)in the police station now is a spy(32)A man _(respect)others will be respected(33)she can find no one
27、 _(make)friends withhaving stolenreceivinglivestealingtalkingbeing questionedrespectingto make(34)she can find no one _(make)friends with(35)Is there anybody _(answer)the question?(36)Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference were foreigners.(37)The journey was quite _(tire)(38)The story is very
28、 _ We are _ in it(interest)(39)The result of the exam made me _.(disappoint)(40)This was really an _ moment(excite)(41)The _ boy couldnt believe his ears(astonish)to maketo answerinvitedtiringinterestinginteresteddisappointedexcitingastonished(42)It was a _ storyWe didnt want to listen again(bore)(43)He seemed quite _ at the idea(delight)(44)The problem was quite _(press)(45)The present situation is _ _.(encourage)(46)I was _ at what she said(puzzle)boringdelightedpressingencouragingpuzzled