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1、上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与与havegone比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework Mother:J
2、ohn,clean your teeth please.John:Mum,I have have alreadyalready(已经已经已经已经)cleaned)cleaned them.现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定句：肯定句：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问句：疑问句：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定句否定句:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例句：例句：1.Has he gone to the library?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。2.Ho
3、w long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果;和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here.他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气
4、）My teachers havent had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b).yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Have you had breakfastyet?c）never是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever表表示示“曾经曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall.
5、我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？d）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间）He has just come back.他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.他们刚刚完成那项工作。上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for mo
6、re than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态.常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时
7、间状语连用。等时间状语连用。a).for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间b).since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheres
8、ince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.现在完成时现在完成时since,for的用法总结的用法总结:Takenotes注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能
9、用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句肯定句、疑问句中中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,begin,begin,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,finis
10、h,finish,join,join,leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbed
11、eadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour.t come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手
12、表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.T
13、he old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 d
14、ays/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 o since 6 o clock.clock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 o since 6 o clock.clock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 h
15、ometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单考点1：have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has s
16、he ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have You have never been there,have you?you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.
17、她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单考点考点2：Itis+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.考点考点考点考点3 3：与一般过去时的用与一般过去时的用法比较法比较A.A.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在是事情本身
18、，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在
19、完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has ithe still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单B B当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定
20、时间的的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句（从从句句用用一一般般过过去去时）时，主句总是与现在完成时连用。时）时，主句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单C C常与一般过去时连用的典型的常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时
21、间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语总结时间状语总结常与常与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,y
22、et,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When
23、 _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donedi
24、ddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.h
25、ave readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several
26、years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.sho
27、p.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I donWhere is Peter?I don t know where he t know where
28、he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since
29、 last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBI
30、vetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning6.
31、-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlo
32、ngdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.