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1、图表说明文图表说明文的的写作技巧写作技巧高考的书面表达，应该加强对学生实际能高考的书面表达，应该加强对学生实际能力的考查，不要局限于语言运用。图表说力的考查，不要局限于语言运用。图表说明文要求学生要具备一定的语言功底，还明文要求学生要具备一定的语言功底，还要具备分析问题、解决问题的能力和概括要具备分析问题、解决问题的能力和概括能力，它要求学生通过图表里的一些简单能力，它要求学生通过图表里的一些简单的数据，对图表所反映的一些社会现象进的数据，对图表所反映的一些社会现象进行分析。它对学生的分析、解决问题的能行分析。它对学生的分析、解决问题的能力提出了较高的要求。不是每个英语成绩力提出了较高的要求。
2、不是每个英语成绩好的学生都能写好这类文章。现在就结合好的学生都能写好这类文章。现在就结合下面这篇作文，谈谈图表说明文的写作技下面这篇作文，谈谈图表说明文的写作技巧。巧。下图所示为几年来某校学生使用电下图所示为几年来某校学生使用电脑的情况，请根据图示，写一篇脑的情况，请根据图示，写一篇80120词的短文。词的短文。Hours a week很多学生看到这文章可能觉得无从下手，很多学生看到这文章可能觉得无从下手，仅仅靠这一点信息要写出仅仅靠这一点信息要写出120词的文章，谈词的文章，谈何容易，他们根本不知道该写些什么。下何容易，他们根本不知道该写些什么。下面是一篇学生习作。面是一篇学生习作。Look
3、 at the picture,the students in the school spent about 3 hours a week on computer in 2000,in 2002 they spent about 10 hours a week on computer,and in 2004the number is 20 hours.写到这里，学生大都不知道该如何凑满这写到这里，学生大都不知道该如何凑满这120词，他们缴尽脑汁，挖空心思，结果往词，他们缴尽脑汁，挖空心思，结果往往写出一大堆废话。其实，写好这类文章往写出一大堆废话。其实，写好这类文章并不难。下笔之前，不妨先对图
4、表内容进并不难。下笔之前，不妨先对图表内容进行分析。行分析。1.what does the table/diagram show?2.what do you think is the probable reason for the changes?3.what suggestion will you give on this problem?/what conclusion can you draw from the chart?通过分析不难看出，这张图表反映出该校通过分析不难看出，这张图表反映出该校学生近几年花在电脑上的时间越来越多了，学生近几年花在电脑上的时间越来越多了，我们只要回答出以上
5、三个问题，就不难写我们只要回答出以上三个问题，就不难写出好文章了。出好文章了。As can be seen from the chart,there was a sharp increase year by year in the time the students spent on computers,from 5 hours a week on average in 2000 to 20 hours in 2004.The reason may be that more and more students come to realize that computer has become a
6、 must in their future work and everyday life.However,every coin has two sides,if the students spend too much time playing computer games,it will do great harm to their studies.In a word,computer has become popular among the students,and how to make full use of them has caused much discussion among p
7、eople.技巧点拨：技巧点拨：针对这类文章，我们可以从以下几个方面去写。针对这类文章，我们可以从以下几个方面去写。说明内容：说明内容：简要说明图表所反映的问题或社会现象。语言要尽量简要说明图表所反映的问题或社会现象。语言要尽量简洁，要求学生具有高度的概括能力。简洁，要求学生具有高度的概括能力。常用句型：常用句型：We can see from the chart thatAs can be seen from the chartThe table shows thatAs is shows in the chart thatAccording to the figures given in
8、the picture图表数据分析：图表数据分析：针对图表里的数据进行一些简要分析，重针对图表里的数据进行一些简要分析，重在分析数据变化趋势及特定，切记在分析数据变化趋势及特定，切记不要直不要直接简单地罗列数据接简单地罗列数据。如：。如：The number is 常用句型：There was a great(slight/marked/sharp)increase/rise/decrease in the number of.There has been a sudden(slow/rapid)fall(drop)inIt is 20%lower/higher thanIt doubles
9、the number of原因分析：原因分析：对数据变化原因做简单分析。这部分内容要求学生具备一定的分析问题的能力，要求分析合理。常用句型：There are several good reasons forThe reason foris(may be)thatThe changes in largely results from the fact thatThere are several causes for this growth in,first,second结尾总结：结尾总结：针对图表所反映的问题或社会现象提出合针对图表所反映的问题或社会现象提出合理的建议，或总结称述图表内容。理的
10、建议，或总结称述图表内容。常用句型：常用句型：In summary,it is important thatIn a word,there are three suggestions we must followThere is no doubt that more attention must be paid toFrom what has been discussed above,we may draw a conclusion that下面是下面是2001 2004年人民饮食习惯发生的年人民饮食习惯发生的变化，请你根据图表写一篇变化，请你根据图表写一篇100词左右的短词左右的短文，并简要
11、分析这些变化产生的原因。文，并简要分析这些变化产生的原因。2001200220032004Grain49%47%45%40%Milk10%12%18%30%Meat17%21%28%34%vegetable 24%22%20%20%changes in peoplechanges in peoples diets diet As is shown in the above table,great changes has taken place in peoples diet from 2000 to 2004,on the whole the consumption of grain decr
12、eased year by year,while that of some high-energy food,such as milk and meat,increased yearly.In my opinion,there were two major reasons for the changes.Firstly,people paid more attention to the quality of their diet.Secondly,people could afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition owing to increase of their income.From the above,we can see peoples living standard has greatly improved in the past few years.And were sure that our life will get better and better in the future.