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1、汉英翻译之词类转换汉英翻译之词类转换n1 汉语动词转化为英语名词：汉语动词转化为英语名词：n汉语中动词用的较多，除大量动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个以上动词连用的现象。n英语名词比汉语用的多。nEg:The book is a reflection of the Chinese society of my fathers time.这本书反映了我父亲那个时代的中国社会。He gave a vivid description of the battle.他生动地描述了这场战斗。n汉译英时往往可以把汉语动词转化为英语名词。译例：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促
2、使他们奋起采取坚决措施去创建新的生活条件。The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.n1 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长(company commander)的表扬。n2 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。n1 He was commended by the company commander for his
3、 distinguished performance in the battle.n2 A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.n3 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的声音，令我特别神往。n4 在使用电脑时，起主要作用的是人n5 Coco歌唱得很好。n5 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.n6 It is man who plays the leading role in the use of
4、computers.n7 Coco is a good singer.n7 决不允许违反这个原则。n8 我的生活转折点是我是我决定决定：不再做生财有望的商人而专攻音乐。n9 他得出这一结论是深思熟虑的结果。n8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated.9 The turning point of my life was my decision to give up promising business career and study music.10 His arrival at this conclusion was the resu
5、lt of much thought.n 10 随着国际社会对中国的关注日益提升，越来越多的外国人开始对中国和中国文化感兴趣，学习汉语的人数也与日俱增。n n11 With the increase of attention paid to China by the international community,more and more foreigners begin to take interest in China and Chinese language,and the number of people learning the Chinese language is growin
6、g.n11他们在工作中非常注意理论联系实际。n12 徐悲鸿画马，画得特别好。n12 In their work,they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice.n13 Xu Beihongs drawing of horses are exceptionally good.n2 汉语动词转化为英语形容词：汉语动词转化为英语形容词：n汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词，往往可以转换成英语形容词，通常多以“Be+形容词.”结构来表达。nEg:你熟悉这种晶体管放大器（transistor amplifier)
7、的性能吗？nAre you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier？nnEXE:n切割金属时，可以看到光亮的表面，但是立刻就变成了灰色。nWhen metals are cut，the shining surface is visible，but it turns grey almost immediately.n获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。n We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an e
8、arthquake.n委员会怀疑他的资格。n The committee was doubtful of his qualification.n我们绝不满足于现有的成就。n We are not content with our present achievements.n3 汉语动词转化为英语介词或介词词组：汉语动词转化为英语介词或介词词组：n与汉语相比，英语介词较多，往往具有动词特与汉语相比，英语介词较多，往往具有动词特征；征；n介词词组介词词组往往可以用来英译一些汉语往往可以用来英译一些汉语连动式连动式结结构！构！n那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。nWith a rifle across hi
9、s shoulder the boy was playing the soldier.n他们吃的是简陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的洞穴，在昏暗的灯光下长时间地工作。nThey worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps.n任何人不能违背各国人民的利益去人为地挑起紧张态势，甚至制造武力冲突。nNobody should be allowed to cause tension or armed conflicts against the interest of the people.nEXE:n我一直跟着母亲。nI have al
10、ways been with Mother.n你是赞成还是反对这项计划？nAre you for or against the plan?n你想像不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。nYou cant imagine how angry he was at the news.n4 汉语的名词转化英语动词：汉语的名词转化英语动词：n守财奴的特点是贪婪。nA miser is characterized by greed.nEXE:n中子(Neutrons)的作用不同于质子(protons)。nNeutrons act differently from protons.n他是世上一切邪恶的化身。nHe
11、 personified all the evil in the world.n如果旅馆都客满了，我们可以给你提供住处。nWe can house you if the hotels are full.n该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。n The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.n我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友而且成为兄弟。na.The development of our relations has made us not
12、 only close friends but also brothers.nb.Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.n5 汉语名词转化为英语形容词：汉语名词转化为英语形容词：n他有口才，有风度。nHe was eloquent and elegant.n 冰的密度比水小。nIce is not as dense as water.nEXE:n两国经贸领域的互补性很强，双方可以彼此分享巨大的市场。n The two countries are highly complementary in economic and trade areas,making it possible for them to share each others huge market.n和平的环境是一个国家、一个地区以至全球发展的重要前提。n A peaceful environment is indispensable for national,regional and even global development.