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1、GrammarAttributive Clauses 定语从句定语从句考点揭密考点揭密 在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词所修饰的词(词组成句子词组成句子)称为先行词，初中教材称为先行词，初中教材着重介绍了关系代词着重介绍了关系代词that,which,who所引导的定所引导的定语从句。语从句。中考考点设置中考考点设置1.定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，从从2003年考题来看，全国均未作为重点考年考题来看，全国均未作为重
2、点考查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多。容中出现频率较多。2.着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特定境况下只能用定境况下只能用that,不能用不能用which的情况：的情况：Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语形容词作定语介词短语作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定语句子作定语 定语
3、定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分分词词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）以分词、介词短语为例）例：例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was drunk.定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was
4、drunk.关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.代替 sisterq普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词关系代词：（如上例（如上例who/which）1.代替代替先行词先行词;2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分;3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连
5、起来）（把主句和从句连起来）The building is our school.The building stands by the river.v 关系代词关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的它的 人称、数必须和先行词人称、数必须和先行词一致。一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词
6、先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词行词the building,the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要看首先，要看先行词先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指如果先行词指物物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词
7、在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物人；物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省which物物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省who人人主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省whom人人宾语宾语可省可省whose人；物人；物定语定语不可省不可省关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yes
8、terday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom The boy is
9、 Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.关系代词关系代词who,that作主语作主语1.Your friend came to see you yesterday.2.Your friend studies in
10、Beijing University.Your friend who/that studies in Beijing University came to see you yesterday.关系代词关系代词whom,that 作宾语作宾语1.He is the man.2.You have been waiting for the man.He is the man(whom/that)you have been waiting for.关系代词关系代词 which,that 作主语作主语1.It sounded like a train.2.A train was going under
11、my house.It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.关系代词关系代词which/that 作宾语作宾语1.The earth is a big ball.2.We live on the earth.The earth(which/that)we live on is a big ball.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals
12、 things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw
13、 on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is
14、made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.1)This is the hero(whom)w
15、e are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系
16、代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woma
17、n whose bag was stolen.关系代词关系代词whose 作定语作定语1.Do you know the man?2.The mans watch is missing.Do you know the man whose watch is missing?它还可以同它还可以同of which互换互换whose+n.=the n.+of which1.Please pass me the book.2.The books cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.Please pass m
18、e the book whose cover is green1.Yesterday I met Mr Li_ told me the whole matter.2.This is the man_ daughter is in my class.3.The book _ they sent me is very good.练一练练一练who/that(which/that)whose 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。where:在从句中作在从句中作地
19、点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clean.2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the d
20、ay when I joined the League.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.但要注意在以但要注意在以下下6种情况下种情况下,指物指物时用时用that 不用不用which,who1.先行词是先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,the one 等时等时 There is much that should be used.2.先行词被先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,e
21、very,some,few,none 等修饰时等修饰时 I have read all the books(that)you gave me.Every dictionary that our library bought is good.练一练练一练1.You may take anything useful _ you want.2.This is the very book_ I m looking for.3.This is the only thing _ we can do.4.We should do all _is useful to the people.thatthatth
22、atthat3.当先行词前有形容词的最高级当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.4.先行词前有序数词修饰时先行词前有序数词修饰时,包括包括 the last.The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.The Great Wall is the last place that Mr.Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.5.在以在以 which,who作主
23、语的特殊疑问作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中句中的定语从句中 Who is the man that is reading a book there?Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room?6.当先行词既有表示当先行词既有表示人人又有表示又有表示物物的词时的词时 We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.注注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下在指人可以通用，但下列列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 先先行词是行词是anyone,someo
24、ne,those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ m
25、y father bought last month is very beautiful.who/that(which/that)who/that(which/that)5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now
26、.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _
27、 I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat1.The person _ you should write
28、to is Mr Ball.2.The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.3.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.4.The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom.5.The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a hotel.6.The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed.7.The airpo
29、rt _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in the city 8.The person _ won the race was a woman from Sichuan.(who/whom/that)whom(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)(that/which)that/whichwho/that3.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 4.Have you
30、 found the woman_ purse was lost?A.her B.of which C.that D.whose5.Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_ in China.A.work B.is working C.are working D.had working 6.All _can be done has been done.A.Which B.that C.what D.who7.When he came back from abroad,John told his parents about the cit
31、ies and the people _ he had visited.A.who B.which C.where D.that8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whoseMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the
32、 man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who/that is smoking.Where is the picture(that/which)you bought last week?由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、
33、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?A.whom B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.who B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be
34、 a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The teacher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is
35、grown C.that is grown8、The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 9、The room in _ there are many books is mine.A.that B.who C.which10、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.that由由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat11.She heard a t
36、errible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.that B.which C.who12.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that13.Jim was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_，of course,made the others unhappy.A.which B.who C.what 由由Which 引导的非限定性定语从句（不
37、能用引导的非限定性定语从句（不能用that）14.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 15.This book is for the students _ native(本本国的国的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 16.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose 引导的定语从
38、句引导的定语从句,在句中做定语在句中做定语26.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时先行词被既有人又有物时只能用只能用that引导引导The necklace _ you gave me for my birthday is good.A.who B.where C.which D.what 典型例题解析典型例题解析CPolly was the thief _stole Mums necklace.A.who B.where C.w
39、hich D.what AThe one _ he gave me is black.A.who B.that C.which D.what B This is the most interesting story I have heard of.A.which B.that C.who D.what The one _ one a thousand dollars turned out to be false.A.which cost B.which spend C.that cost D.that spend 典型例题解析典型例题解析C This is the first article
40、he has written in English.A.which B.that C.who D.what BB.单项选择单项选择1.There is nothing _ I can do.A.that B.whichC.who D.what2.Do you know the man _ is wearing glasses?A.who B.whichC.what D.where3.The boy _ is playing football is my brother.A.which B.whoC.what D.where4.Ill never forget the day _ I first
41、 met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when5.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)6.The film _I saw yesterday was very interesting.A.who B.whenC.what D.that7.This is the pan _ I heat the milk.A.which B.whereC.with which D.in which8.Is there anything _ I can h
42、elp you?A.that B.whichC.who D.what9.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.what B.thatC.which D.things10.Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.whereC.when D.what(D)(D)(A)(B)(A)11.Im reading a book _ is written by Luxun.A.which B.whoC.what D.when12.I like the teacher _ gave
43、us a talk last week.A.who B.whichC.when D.where13.This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A.which B.whoC.what D.that14.After 20 years he went back to the city _ he used to live.A.where B.whenC.what D.that15.Mr Green is only one of those foreigners _are working in China.A.that B.w
44、hichC.whom D.whose(A)(A)(D)(A)(A)16.My necklace is not the only thing _is missing.A.which B.thatC.what D.where17.I hate people _ talked much but do_ A.who，few B.that，few C.which，little D.who，little18.Ill shoot anyone _ moves.A.which B.whenC.where D.who19.I dont know the reason _he was late this morn
45、ing.A.what B.whenC.why D.who20.We are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces.A.who like stealingB.who likes stealing C.that like to steal D.which likes to steal(B)(D)(D)(B)(C)单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years
46、ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichAC
47、BDB6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died tw
48、o years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatCCAAB 1.The house that they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）The house that they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthq
49、uake.2.I will never forget the poor boy who have no arms.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）I will never forget the poor boy who has no arms.3.We have done everything which can be done.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）We have done everything that can be done.4.He is the only man who
50、I know in the city.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）He is the only man that I know in the city.5.I have been to the park which there are a lot of flowers.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）I have been to the park where there are a lot of flowers.1.6.The park where the old people usua