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1、名词性从句名词性从句从句形容词性定语从句限定性非限定性副词性状语从句九种名词性主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句：一个句子充当主语，宾语，表语，同位语名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,连接副词连接副词how,why,when,where,wh-ever连接词连接词that,that,whether,ifwhether,if引导名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的引导词（不充当从句的任何成分（不充当从句的任何成分）(只能引导宾语从句只能引导宾语从句)引导词引导词 1 2 3 that连接词连接词两无：无
2、词义；无语法功能We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.连接词连接词if/whether一有一无：有词义一有一无：有词义“是是否否”；无语法功能；无语法功能I dont care if he doesnt come.I dont care whether he comes.连接代词连接代词which两有：有词义，两有：有词义，“哪一个哪一个”；有语法功能。有语法功能。I can guess which one you would choose.4 5 连接代词连接代词who/whom/whose连接代词
3、，两有：有词义连接代词，两有：有词义,“谁（的）谁（的）”；有语；有语法功能法功能who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语whom作宾语作宾语whose作定语作定语It hasnt been decided yet who will preside at the meeting.连接代词连接代词what两有：有词义（模糊）；两有：有词义（模糊）；有语法功能。有语法功能。We are worrying about what we should do next.连接副词连接副词 where/when/why/how两有：有词义两有：有词义“在哪儿在哪儿/在什么时候在什么时候/为为什么什么/怎么样怎么样”
4、；在从句中作状语。；在从句中作状语。This is where our problem lives.Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.It all depends on how we solve the problem.wh-+ever“无论无论”意思意思She will give whoever needs help a warm She will give whoever needs help a warm support.support.Well make him whatever he is fit for.Ill give yo
5、u however much money you need.67_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.I dont know _broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I have no idea _ he looks like.This is _ I left my glasses.whatwhere我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。
6、1.When we will start is not clear.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语Find out the clause,and tell what kind of Find out the clause,and tell what kind of clause it is:clause it is:找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句
7、子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idontknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词性从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词性从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律
8、：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Hisrecommendationthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.His recommendation that we(should)go there on foot isacceptable.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！We suggested that we(should)go to the cinema.宾语从句中的虚拟宾语从句中的虚拟一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order comma
9、nd三个建议：三个建议：suggest advise recommend（propose）四个要求：四个要求：require，request，demand,desire 在同位语从句中，遇到以上动词在同位语从句中，遇到以上动词的名词形式时也要用虚拟的名词形式时也要用虚拟suggestionadvicerecommendationproposalshould+do,should 可省略可省略He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveamee
10、tinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whetherwhether，不能用，不能用if if ：（1 1）除宾语从句之外的名词性从句）除宾语从句之外的名词性
11、从句 （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词；（3 3）与）与or notor not连用。连用。（4 4）在动词不定式之前在动词不定式之前 10.Idontknowiftodoit.whetherFill in the blanks using Fill in the blanks using whether/if whether/if 1.I asked her _ she had a bike.1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air 2._ we will hold a party in
12、the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _
13、 he should do it.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon._ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.8.I dont know _ to go.9.I didnt know _to laugh or to cry.9.I didnt know _t
14、o laugh or to cry.10._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go 10._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.without you.if/whetherif/whetherWhetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf If如果，只用如果，只用 if if 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误
15、，并总结出规律：11.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.12.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.itIt规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “it it”而后置。而后置。1用用it作形式主语，作形式主语，主语从句主语从句放在句末。放在句末。(1)It be 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that It is an honor that It is common
16、knowledge that事实是事实是非常荣幸非常荣幸是常识是常识(2)It be 形容词形容词 从句从句It is natural that It is strange that 很自然很自然 奇怪的是奇怪的是另外还有,no wonder,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等It is no surprise that our team has won the game.It is a pity that we cant go.另外还有，certain,obvious,true,good,wonderful,funny,possible,probable,imp
17、ortant,necessary等。It is certain that she will do well in the final exam.It is probable that Jack has told her everything,(4)It be 过去分词过去分词 从句从句It is reported that It has been proved that It is said that 据报道据报道已证实已证实据说据说(3)It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句It seems that It happened that It appears that 似乎似乎碰巧碰巧似乎似乎I
18、t seems that he really loves her.It happened that he really loved her.It has been proved that the earth turns around the sun.It is said that the earth turns around the sun.2 it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在在句句尾尾，特特别别是是在在带带复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子中中。例如：例如
19、：We heard it that she would get married next month.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：13Isawheistalkingwithhermother.14.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.wastravels规律规律5:宾语从句中宾语从句中1.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是现在时现在时或一般将来时或一般将来时从句从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是
20、过去过去时，宾语从句的谓语时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。动词要用相应的过去时态。3当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍用一当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍用一般现在时。般现在时。一般现在时，现在进一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时行时，现在完成时一般过去式，过去进一般过去式，过去进行时，过去完成时行时，过去完成时15.He believes _.his dream will come true some day找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：16.Nomatterwhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeve
21、r规律规律6whatever,whoever,whichever除用于引导的除用于引导的名词性从句外，还可用于引导让步状语从句。名词性从句外，还可用于引导让步状语从句。当引导让步状语从句时，可以用当引导让步状语从句时，可以用nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,nomatterwhich替换。替换。引导词引导词that 的省略情况的省略情况that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的的that可省略可省略that不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：a.主语从句主语从句 b.表语从句表语从句 c.同位语从句同位语从句It is said that Mr.Li ha
22、s arrived in Beijing.We think it highly probable that he is dead.My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.d.用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句We heard it that she would get married next month.e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不不能省略能省略I told him I loved him and I hated him.I
23、 told him I loved him and that I hated him.名词性从句和定语从句区别 1Idontknowwhenhewillleave.2Idontknowthetimewhenhewillleave.3ThatiswhomIwanttosee.4ThatisthegirlwhomIwanttosee.定定名名3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接主句
24、与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述定定的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him(3)同位语从句对中
25、心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位在同位语从句中不做任何成分语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用,无具体含义无具体含义,且且不可省略。不可省略。1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay is given by the General.1.We
26、 expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that we would come to China again.Attributive or Appositive ATAP1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways.A.we must develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the
27、end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A.my pictures would surprise them B.my pictures surprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonde
28、r _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the last bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates.A.and B.that C.was D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had goneThank you!