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1、资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Basis of BPRBasis of BPR 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月22222
2、2日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering2 22What is BPRuuWhat the term BPR means?What the term BPR means?uuWhere it has come from?Where it has come from?uuWhat distinguishes it from other manage-What distinguishes it from other manage-ment phi
3、losophies?ment philosophies?uuWhy it has captured the imagination of so Why it has captured the imagination of so many managers?many managers?资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Bus
4、iness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering3 33How the traditional organization worksl lA triangle is used to represent A triangle is used to represent an organization-the majority of an organization-the majority of people work lower down the people wor
5、k lower down the organization and the organization and the management hierarchy extends management hierarchy extends all the way to the pinnacle.all the way to the pinnacle.l lThe organization is made up of a The organization is made up of a number of sub-organization in number of sub-organization i
6、n the form of groups of specialists the form of groups of specialists known as functions,each of known as functions,each of which has its own management which has its own management hierarchy.hierarchy.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的
7、推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering4 44Functional HierarchyR&DR&DManagement focus has traditionally been on Management focus has traditionally been on the functional hierarchy.the funct
8、ional hierarchy.ProductionProductionSalesSales资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering5 55Fu
9、nctional HierarchyuuThere are many different departments and There are many different departments and people are recruited into one functional people are recruited into one functional department;department;uuEach department is responsible for Each department is responsible for undertaken one part of
10、 the whole tasks;undertaken one part of the whole tasks;uuThis chain of linked department allows for This chain of linked department allows for specialization;specialization;uuThis model is so widely established that it is This model is so widely established that it is rarely questioned.rarely quest
11、ioned.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering6 66The Strengthsuufewer specialist may servic
12、e the needs of a fewer specialist may service the needs of a number of areas;number of areas;uutaking the latest thinking in particular areas taking the latest thinking in particular areas into the organization;into the organization;uudeveloping careers which enhance specialist developing careers wh
13、ich enhance specialist excellence in a particular field,such as excellence in a particular field,such as Marketing,Production,IT or Human Marketing,Production,IT or Human Resources;Resources;资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这
14、部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering7 77The WeaknessesuuThe focus of the organization can be the The focus of the organization can be the boss not the customer;boss not the customer;uuNo one has th
15、e control over the horizontal No one has the control over the horizontal process and co-ordination is weak;process and co-ordination is weak;uuNo single point of contact;No single point of contact;uuUnproductive work exists because of Unproductive work exists because of functional boundaries which r
16、esult in many functional boundaries which result in many tasks being done simply to satisfy the tasks being done simply to satisfy the internal demands of the its own organization.internal demands of the its own organization.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价
17、值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering8 88Get rid of unnecessary stepsuuWhen adopt a process approach you may find:When adopt a process approach you may find:l lMany
18、 of the steps in your work have nothing to Many of the steps in your work have nothing to do with delivering the required outcomes;do with delivering the required outcomes;l lIt is difficult to identify why some steps exist at It is difficult to identify why some steps exist at all;all;l lOften it i
19、s for no better reason than because Often it is for no better reason than because they always have;they always have;l lGetting rid of all these unnecessary steps Getting rid of all these unnecessary steps means quicker customer service at means quicker customer service at considerably lower cost.con
20、siderably lower cost.l lDoing this usually cuts across the functional Doing this usually cuts across the functional department.department.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Busines
21、s Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering9 99Process Oriented ApproachR&DR&DBPR emphasizes a“process”view which cuts BPR emphasizes a“process”view which cuts across the functional hierarchies to reach the across the functional hierarchies to reach the cus
22、tomer.customer.ProductionProductionSalesSalesCustomerCustomer资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-en
23、gineering101010What process focus meansA process focus means looking at the way a A process focus means looking at the way a customer order is fulfilled,a new product customer order is fulfilled,a new product created,or a marketing plan developed,without created,or a marketing plan developed,without
24、 concern for functional boundaries or concern for functional boundaries or specialization.specialization.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness
25、Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering111111What is a processuuProcess:A continuous and regular action or Process:A continuous and regular action or succession of actions,taking place or carried succession of actions,taking place or carried on in a definite manner,and leading to the o
26、n in a definite manner,and leading to the accomplishment of some result;a continuous accomplishment of some result;a continuous operation or series of operations.operation or series of operations.l lProcess has an input and an output;Process has an input and an output;l lmade up of a sequence of tas
27、ks through which made up of a sequence of tasks through which this input passes to become an outputthis input passes to become an output资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business
28、Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering121212Value Chain Model of M.Porter Company InfrastructureCompany InfrastructureHuman resourcesHuman resourcesTechnology Development Technology Development ProcurementProcurementSupportSupportSupportActivitiesActivit
29、iesActivitiesPrimaryPrimaryPrimaryActivitiesActivitiesActivitiesI IIn nnb bbo oou uun nnd ddL LLo oog ggi iis sst tti iic ccs ssO OOp ppe eer rra aat tti iio oon nns ssMMMa aar rrk kke eet tti iin nng ggS SSa aal lle ees ssO OOu uut ttb bbo oou uun nnd ddL LLo oog ggi iis sst tti iic ccs ssC CCu uus
30、 sst tto oommme eer rrS SSe eer rrv vvi iic cce eeM a r g I nM a r g I nM a r g I nM a r g I nM a r g I nM a r g I nValue-addingValue-addingValue-addingActivitiesActivitiesActivities资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资
31、金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering131313Scale and Scope of ProcessuuThe scale of the process depends on what it The scale of the process depends on what it is performing,which could be a very simple is pe
32、rforming,which could be a very simple set of tasks or a highly complex set of set of tasks or a highly complex set of interrelated activities;interrelated activities;uuThe scope of a process is concerned with the The scope of a process is concerned with the extent to which it crosses organizational
33、extent to which it crosses organizational units(functions or departments);units(functions or departments);uu A process with a broad scope is likely to A process with a broad scope is likely to cross a number of functions or department;cross a number of functions or department;uuIf the scale and scop
34、e are wide ranging,a If the scale and scope are wide ranging,a great pay-off might be expected.great pay-off might be expected.资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process R
35、e-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering141414New Product vs.New ProcessuuIn the past century the economic winner were In the past century the economic winner were those who invented new products;those who invented new products;uuBut,in the 21st century sustainable
36、 But,in the 21st century sustainable competitive advantage will come more out of competitive advantage will come more out of new process technologies and much less out new process technologies and much less out of new products technologies;of new products technologies;uuWhat used to be primary(inven
37、ting new What used to be primary(inventing new products)becomes secondary,and what used products)becomes secondary,and what used to be secondary(inventing and perfecting new to be secondary(inventing and perfecting new process)becomes primaryprocess)becomes primary资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间
38、的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering151515Levels of processStrategic ProcessesOperational ProcessesEnabling processes资金是运动的
39、价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering161616Levels of processuuStrategic processesStrategic proc
40、esses are those process by which are those process by which the organization plans for and develop its future,the organization plans for and develop its future,such as strategy planning,products/service such as strategy planning,products/service development,new process development;development,new pr
41、ocess development;uuOperational processesOperational processes are those by which the are those by which the organi-zation carries out its regular day-to-day organi-zation carries out its regular day-to-day functions,such as sales,order entrain,functions,such as sales,order entrain,scheduling,produc
42、tion;scheduling,production;uuEnabling processesEnabling processes are those by which enable are those by which enable strate-gic and operational processes to be strate-gic and operational processes to be carried out,such as HRM,accounting,MIS,;carried out,such as HRM,accounting,MIS,;资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随
43、时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering171717What is BPRuuBPR is an improvement philosophy.It aims to BPR i
44、s an improvement philosophy.It aims to achieve step improvements in performance by achieve step improvements in performance by redesigning the processes through which an redesigning the processes through which an organization operates,maximizing their value-organization operates,maximizing their val
45、ue-added content and minimizing everything else.added content and minimizing everything else.This process can be at an individual process This process can be at an individual process level or to the whole organization.level or to the whole organization.l lCritical analysisCritical analysisl lradical
46、 redesign of existing business processradical redesign of existing business processl lachieving breakthrough in performance achieving breakthrough in performance measuresmeasures资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间
47、价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering181818Business philosophy comparisonsuuFocusFocusl lBPR:process,minimizing of non value-added BPR:process,minimizing of non value-added activities;activities;l lTQM:quality,g
48、etting things right first timeTQM:quality,getting things right first timel lJIT:inventories,waste elimination,throughput;JIT:inventories,waste elimination,throughput;l lCE:new product development,reducing time to CE:new product development,reducing time to market,increasing quality;market,increasing
49、 quality;资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值202320232023年年年3 33月月月222222日日日Business Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineeringBusiness Process Re-engineering191919Business philosophy comparisonsuuImpr
50、ovement scale:Improvement scale:l lBPRBPR:radical improvement;:radical improvement;l lTQMTQM:continuous improvement;:continuous improvement;l lJITJIT:continuous improvement;:continuous improvement;l lCECE:radical improvement;:radical improvement;资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原