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1、过去完成时过去完成时Free talkFree talkBy the end of the last summer holiday,whatstudyplanhadyoufinished?Pastperfecttense过去完成时的基本用法1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去
2、的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。WehadlearntEnglishfor8yearsbythelastyear.到去年为止，我们已经学了8年英语了。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。Ihadintendedtomeethimatt
3、heairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。(1)It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.这是我第一次参观长城。(2)Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。Itwasthreeyears
4、sincehehadjoinedthearmy.他参军三年了。过去完成时用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和Nosoonerthan中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一就”。Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigofficewhenthetelephonerang.他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.他刚到就再次被要求离开。citizenfoundpoliticsaccusetaxn.公民；市民，居民公民；市民，居民vt.创建，创办；建立，兴建创
5、建，创办；建立，兴建n.政治，政治事务；政治，政治事务；(个人的个人的)政治政治观点，政见观点，政见vt.谴责，控诉谴责，控诉n.税，税款税，税款vt.对对征税，使纳税征税，使纳税mountmountupelevationprofessiondramascholarshipcategoryneverthelessvi.逐步增加逐步增加vt.攀登，爬上攀登，爬上n.山山(尺寸和数量上尺寸和数量上)增加，上升增加，上升n.提高；提升；海拔提高；提升；海拔n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明n.戏剧；戏剧性事件戏剧；戏剧性事件n.奖学金；学术奖学金；学术n.类别，种类类别，种
6、类adv.尽管如此尽管如此WhatdoyouknowaboutJosephPulitzer?Birthday:April10,1847DiedAtAge:64JosephPulitzerwasoneofthemostprominent(杰出的)USjournalistsandpublisherofhistimes,whoinitiated(开创)thepatternofmodernnewspaper.AExploringtherulesBelowistheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzer.Findthesentencesthatusethepastperfectte
7、nseandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.P6JosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlawbythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthe
8、libraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.P6In1878,hefoundedthenewspapertheSt Louis Post-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishe
9、darticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissues,accusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNew York World.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheSt Louis Post-Dispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebestsel
10、lingnewspaperinthecountry.P6Pulitzerwasthefirsttoadvocatethetrainingofjournalistsatuniversitylevel.In1892,heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Ofthisdecisionhesaid,“Iamdeeplyinterestedintheprogressandelevationofjournalism.regardingitasanobleprofessionandoneofunequaledimportance
11、foritsinfluenceuponthemindsandmoralsofthepeople.”Pulitzerdiedin1911.Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.Sixyearsafterhisdeath,thefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.P6.hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch.Weoftenusethepastp
12、erfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened(1)_(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis“(2)_(have/had)done”.WorkingouttherulesP6beforehadBApplyingtherulesBApplyingtherulesCirclethemistakesandcorrectthemintheblanksbelow.1PulitzerknewthathehadlearnedverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedto
13、workhardatthelanguage._2Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours._P7B1去掉第二个去掉第二个hadwasworkinghadworked3Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeajournalistandpublisher._4Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931._P7hadbecomebecam
14、ehavehadBelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.P7B2winbuildintendawardallowThePulitzerPrizesareasetofawardshonoringexcellenceinjournalismandthearts.TheprizeswereestablishedlargelyduetotheeffortsofJosephPulitzer,who(1)_hisreputationasanewspaperpubli
15、sher.Heleftmoneyinhis1904willtofundtheestablishmentoftheprizes,statingthathewantedfourawardsinjournalism,fourinlettersanddrama,hadbuiltoneforeducation,andfivetravelingscholarships.Sincethefirstprizes(2)_in1917,therehavebeenmanywinnersandsomepeoplehavewonmorethanonce.Pastwinnersincludesuchfamousnames
16、asEugeneONeill.WhenONeillreceivedthePulitzerPrizeinDramain1957,itwasthefourthtimehe(3)_it.TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.Forexample,onlinecontentP7hadwonwasawardedfromnewspaperwebsites(4)_inallofthejournalismcategoriessince2006.Th
17、ePulitzerPrizeshavealsoexpandedtoincludesuchcategoriesasphotographyandmusic.Nevertheless,journalismisstillwhatthePulitzerPrizesarebestknownfor.Today,winningthePulitzerPrizesisconsideredbymanytobethehighestachievementpossibleinjournalismjustasPulitzer(5)_.P7hadintendedhasbeenallowedZouTaofenwasafamou
18、sChinesejournalistandpublisher.Readthetimelinebelowanddescribehislifestoryusingthepastperfecttense.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.P7B3ExpressionBythetimehewas31,ZouTaofenhadbecomethechiefeditorofLife Weekly.(2020浙江浙江)Byabout6000BC,people61._(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.【解析解析】考查时态。句意考查时
19、态。句意:大约在公元前大约在公元前6000年，年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by+过去时间过去时间译为译为“到到.为止为止”，后面的句子用过去完成，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填时。故填haddiscovered.haddiscovered高考链接高考链接(2019天津天津)I_tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldntmanageit.A.hadhopedB.amhopingC.havehopedD.wouldhope【解析解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中到。第二个分句中“couldnt”用的是一般过用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。AReviewwhatislearnedtoday.FinishPartConPage58intheworkbook.