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1、医学考博的模板：模板第一段： In the passage, the author mainly discusses 主题名词 , which/who plays a key role in （尽量使用救命词组）, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 模板第二段：有定义特征的时候 According to the passage, can be defined as , which is characteristic with 名词, 名词and 名词. Other features also include 名词，or名词. All the
2、 above-mentioned elements (symptoms) are noteworthy in the issue of主题词，and are highlighted in this paragraph. 模板第二段：有举例特征的时候 In the third and fourth paragraphs, exemplification is frequently used to show the importance of 主题词. As is illustrated, is the most salient, along with other behaviors (sympt
3、oms/options) such as , or Others can not be ignored, particularly . and 模板第二段：有原因分析的时候 In the last paragraph, a cause and effect relationship is used to highlight the importance. As is shown in the passage, can be related to . In addition, can be ascribed (attributed) to Finally, some other factors
4、are also involved, particularly (especially) , or 模板第二段：有大量数据试验的时候 In the last paragraph, a combination of statistics are provided to highlight the importance of 主题词. As is shown in the data from a series of experients, can be related to . In addition, can be ascribed (attributed) to Finally, some o
5、ther factors are also involved, particularly (especially) , or 模板第二段：有大量数据试验的时候 The above aspects, internal or external, can jointly account for the situation in the chart. In my view, this trend will probably continue in the predictable future. So it is crucial that an effective mechanism should be
6、 provided for 主题词. In this framework, concrete plans can be made to punish those enterprises without occupational self-discipline (push for ). Meanwhile, researchers suggestions cannot be ignored in this issue: they are more professional, effective and scientific. By the concerted efforts, 主题词can be
7、 effectively promoted in our society (主题词can be effectively controlled in our society.) 附录：历年真题中的术语1998 年题目：心理咨询问题1. 心理障碍：psychological disorder 2. 心理健康: psychological health3. 心理卫生问题: psychological health4. 心理保健: psychological health5. 综合统计:consensus6. 心理疏通: psychological dredge/psychological consu
8、ltation7. 咨询: consultation8. 去痛片: somedon (止痛药：painkillers)9. 麻醉药: anesthetic 10. 精神畸变: mental distortion11. 精神病: mental diseases 12. 症状: symptom13. 自尽: suicide14. 情绪低落：depressed15. 失眠：insomnia, sleep loss, sleeplessness16. 健康处方：healthy prescription17. 均衡营养：balanced diet18. 安神：soothe the nerve, calm
9、 the nerve19. 昏昏欲睡：drowsy, sleepy20. 酸碱平衡：acid-base balance21. 屏幕辐射: screen radiation22. 青光眼：glaucoma23. 肌肉骨骼系统：musculoskeletal system24. 烦躁：irritable25. 网络综合症：net syndrome26. 行为异常：abnormal behaviors27. 心理人格障碍：psychological and personality disorder28. 食欲下降：loss of appetite29. 思维迟缓：slow thought, thin
10、king retardation30. 滥用药物： drug abuse 1999年考题：医学问题1. 社区: community2. 共同体: community3. 共同价值: shared values4. 关系密切: close relationship5. 人情味: human kindness6. 整体医学观: holistic medicine 7. 社会医学观: social medicine 8. 人文医学观: humanistic medicine9. 卫生改革: medical reform10. 新潮流: new trend11. 社区卫生服务: community h
11、ealth service12. 主观自我与客观自我: subjective self and objective self13. 心理社会背景: psychological social background14. “仁术”: kindness, humanity, benevolence15. 传统医学: traditional medicine16. 科技主导型医学: science-oriented medical science 17. 需互补优缺: complementary18. 连续性: continuity 19. 系统性: systematicness20. 综合性: co
12、mprehensiveness 21. 方便性: convenience22. 相得益彰: bring out the best from each other23. 误诊: misdiagnose 24. 临床诊断: clinical diagnosis 25. 病理诊断: pathological diagnosis26. 物化: materialization27. 开个处方: prescription 28. 取药: get medicine29. 打针: take an injection30. 人文精神: humanism 31. 社会心理因素: social psychologi
13、cal factors32. 全科医学: general family medicine 33. 戒烟酒: quit smoking34. 高血压: high blood pressure/hypertension35. 血管: blood vessel 36. 急救知识: first aid knowledge 2000年：医学建设1. 预防医学preventive medicine2. 自我保健: self-care/self-help 3. 疾病谱: spectrum of diseases4. 模式: mode5. “生活方式病”lifestyle diseases6. 健康教育: h
14、ealth education 7. 公共卫生问题: public health8. 慢性非传染性疾病发病: chronic non-infectious diseases9. 预防: prevention10. 健康服务: health service 11. 健康教育: health education12. 低投入高产出的事业: a cause with low input and high output13. 世界卫生组织: WHO14. 议程: agenda15. 纲要: sketch/schema16. 生活质量: living standards17. 运行机制: mechani
15、sm18. 师资: teaching resources19. 体系: system20. 师资培养: training of teaching faculty 21. 人才培训: talent training22. 社区网络: community network23. 社区服务: community service24. 服务站service center:25. 婴幼儿、青少年、中老年: infant, young people, elders26. 心理门诊: psychological clinic27. 指导: guidance 28. “拯救自杀中心”:Suicide Salva
16、tion Center 29. “儿童问题中心”: Children Center30. 健康档案: health files2001年：健身问题1. 体育锻炼：physical exercises2. 滑冰：skating3. 滑雪: skiing 4. 晨练:morning exercises5. 冬泳: winter swimming6. 新陈代谢：代谢:metabolism7. 血管扩展: blood vessel extension8. 抵抗能力：resistance9. 维生素:vitamin10. 膳食:food11. 卡路里:calorie12. 脂肪:fat13. 蛋白质:p
17、rotein14. 糖:sugar15. 植物油:vegetable oil16. 肾上腺: adrenal gland17. 疾病:diseases18. 冷水浴: cold bath19. 脑血管病: cerebrovascular disease20. 溃疡:ulcer21. 关节炎: arthritis 22. 月经期: menstrual period 23. 酸: acid 24. 气管炎: trachitis25. 喉炎: laryngitis 26. 结膜炎: conjunctivitis 27. 过敏性疾病: allergic disease28. 鼻道: nasal pas
18、sage29. 鼻粘膜: nasal mucosa2002年：亚健康如何保持充沛的精力1. 情绪低落:depression2. 疲劳:fatigue3. 失眠:insomnia4. 头痛:headache5. 注意力不集中:lack of concentration 6. 血糖: blood sugar7. 代谢: metabolism8. 能量: energy9. 碳水化合物(carbohydrate)10. 纤维素(cellulose)11. 脂肪: fat12. 薄荷(mint)13. 百花香味(fragrance)14. 维生素: vitamin15. 矿物质(mineral subs
19、tances)16. 提神醒脑: refresh oneself17. 镁(magnesium)18. 铁: iron19. 锻炼: take exercises20. 负离子: anion21. 神经系统: nerve system22. 胃肠消化: digestion23. 肺部: lungs24. 氧气: oxygen 25. 交感神经: parasympathetic nerve26. 二氧化碳: carbon dioxide 2003年：营养学健康从早餐开始1. 幼儿: infant2. 蛋白质: protein3. 钙(calcium)4. 糖: sugar5. 龋齿(decaye
20、d tooth)6. 肥胖: obesity7. 饼干: biscuits8. 馒头: steamed bread9. 肌肉和骨骼: muscle and bones10. 维生素C: vitamin 11. 热量: energy12. 大饼: pancake13. 碳水化合物(carbohydrate)14. 脑力活动与体力活动: mental and physical activity15. 组织器官: tissue and organs16. 生理功能: physiological function17. 体育锻炼: physical exercise18. 膳食: food/diet1
21、9. 钙: calcium 20. 磷(phosphorus)21. 热量: energy22. 脂肪: fat23. 碳水化合物:carbohydrate24. 新陈代谢(metabolism)25. 骨质疏松(osteoporosis)26. 面条: noodles27. 肉松: dried meat floss28. 花生酱: peanut butter29. 消化: digestion30. 油炸类食品: deep-fried foods31. 脂肪: fat 32. 消化不良: indigestion33. 胆: liver 34. 胰: pancreas 35. 致癌物质: can
22、cerogenic substances36. 甜食: dessert37. 糖: sugar38. 肾: kidney39. 胆固醇(cholesterol)40. 冠心病: coronary diseases41. 动脉硬化: arteriosclerosis 42. 高血压: high blood pressure/hypertension43. 心脑血管疾病: cardiovascular diseases2004年：保健卫生入世后看病如何挑医院1. 合资医院: joint venture hospital2. 执业执照: license 3. 儿童乐园: childrens park
23、4. 挂号: register at hospital5. 划价: have a prescription priced6. 交费: pay7. 取药: get the medicine 8. 心理咨询: psychological consultation9. 健康教育: health education10. 药品差价: drug price difference 11. 民营医院: private hospital 12. 社会资本: social capital 13. 私人诊所: private clinic14. 个体医生: (solo) practitioner 15. 卫生机构
24、: health agency 16. 医疗服务:medical service 17. 基础设施: infrastructure 18. 诊疗设备: medical equipment19. 技术水平: technological level20. 收购: acquisition 21. 重组现有公立医院: recombination (regroup) of public hospitals22. 医疗机构: medical institutions23. 慢性病: chronic diseases24. 婴幼儿保健: health care of infants 25. 相辅相成: co
25、mplementary 26. 政府支持: government support 27. 财政补贴: fiscal subsidies28. 满腹牢骚: complaint29. 医患关系: doctor-patient relationship30. 正常化: normalization31. 管理体制: management system32. 人事制度: personnel system33. 环境: environment34. 医生预约制: the doctor appointment system 2005年：艾滋病艾滋病是全社会的威胁1. 艾滋病(AIDS)2. 人类免疫缺陷病毒
26、(human immunodeficiency virus，简称 HIV)3. 人体免疫功能: immune system4. 感染和肿瘤: infection and tumors5. 后天获得而不是先天: acquired and inborn6. 发病机理: pathogenesis7. 恶性和良性: malignant and benign 8. 复杂症状: complications9. 病例: case10. 艾滋病病毒携带者: HIV carriers11. 血液: blood12. 精液: semen13. 阴道分泌物: vaginal discharge14. 皮肤粘膜: s
27、kin mucous membranes15. 炎症: inflammation 16. 溃疡: ulcer17. 渗出液: percolate18. 唾液: saliva 19. 泪水: tears20. 汗液: sweat21. 尿液: urine 22. 病毒: virus23. 传染性: infection 24. 性传播:sex contact25. 血传播: blood contact26. 母婴: infant contact27. 急性期: acute 28. 潜伏期: incubation29. 淋巴结肿大: lymph node enlargement30. 晚期: lat
28、er period31. 发热: fever32. 腹泻: diarrhea 33. 体重减轻: weigh loss34. 二重感染: double infection 35. 免疫调节剂: immunomodifier 36. 感染药物: infection drugs37. 免疫: immune38. 中药: Chinese medicine 39. 鸡尾洒疗法: the cocktail therapy40. 公共设施: communal facilties41. 咳嗽: cough42. 喷嚏: sneezing43. 蚊虫叮咬: mosquito bite 44. 性道德: sex
29、 morals 45. 注射器: syringe 46. 吸毒:drug taking47. 输血: blood transfusion48. 注射: injection49. 拔牙: pulling out tooth 50. 血液制品: blood products2006年：走路与健康走路与健康1. 运动: physical exercises2. 特殊设备: special equipment3. 生命活力: vigor4. 延年益寿: life expectancy 5. 做操: take exercise6. 保健: health 7. 关节: joint8. 筋骨: physiq
30、ue9. 气血流通: blood circulation10. 五脏: the five internal organs11. 血液: blood12. 骨骼: bones13. 肌肉: muscle14. 韧带: ligament 15. 呼吸: breathing16. 循环: circulation17. 消化: digestion18. 泌尿: urinary 19. 内分泌: endocrine20. 神经系统: nerve system21. 内脏: internal organs 22. 生理平衡: physiological equilibrium 23. 新陈代谢: meta
31、bolism24. 骨质疏松: osteoporosis25. 柔软灵活: flexibility26. 疼痛: pain27. 血管壁沉淀物: the vessel wall sediment28. 按摩: massage 29. 血管平滑肌: vascular smooth muscle30. 生理机能: physiological function31. 胆固醇: cholesterol32. 高血压: blood pressure33. 热量: calorie34. 过度紧张: tension35. 健美和减肥: fitness and weight loss36. 冠心病: coro
32、nary diseases37. 高血压: pressure38. 脑出血: cerebral hemorrhage 39. 后遗症: sequelae40. 关节炎: arthritis 41. 胃肠病: gastroenteropathy 42. 反臂背向行走法: the arm back to walk 43. 穴: hole/point 44. 老年痴呆症: AD (Alzheimers disease)45. 摆臂行走法: The swing arm walking method46. 肩周炎: periathritis of shoulder 47. 气管炎: trachitis
33、48. 肺气肿：emphysema 49. 腹部: belly/abdomen 50. 消极: negative/passive 51. 血液稀释: hemodilution 52. 血管栓塞: vessel embolization 2007年：手术与心理学手术与害怕1. 心理刺激: mental stimulation2. 焦虑: anxiety3. 抑郁: depression4. 紧张: tension5. 恐惧: fear6. 生理反应: physiological reaction7. 手术神经症: surgery neurosis 8. 频发手术症: frequent opera
34、tions9. 器官移植: organ grafting/organ transplantation 10. 清创: debridement11. 缝合: suture/seaming12. 阑尾切除术: appendicectomy13. 肾脏移植: kidney transplantation14. 心脏冠脉搭桥术: coronary artery bypass grafting15. 剖腹探查: abdominal laparotomy 16. 心导管检查: cardiac catheterization 17. 病理切片: pathological section18. 疼痛: pai
35、n19. 大量出血: bleeding20. 组织损伤: tissue damage21. 生理:physiology 22. 心理: psychology23. 性格缺陷: defects in character/character flaw24. 情绪反应: emotional reaction25. 心身症: psychophysical disorder26. 心悸: palpitation27. 气促: shortness of breath/anhelation28. 胸闷: sense of suppression in the chest29. 出汗: perspiratio
36、n30. 失眠: insomnia31. 血压升高: high blood pressure32. 儿茶酚胺: catecholamine33. 交感神经兴奋: sympathetic nerve34. 冠心病: coronary diseases35. 脑血管疾病: cerebralvascular disease 36. 肾上腺素: epinephrine37. 皮质类固醇: corticosteroids 38. 分泌:secretion39. 免疫机制: immune system40. 细菌感染: bacterial infection41. 并发症: complication42.
37、 恶性肿瘤: malignant tumor43. 调控方法: regulation and control44. 脱敏治疗法: desensitization 45. 爱抚: tender care46. 思想负担: the thought burden47. 心率测试仪: the heart rate tester48. 拿脉: take the pulse 2009年：水果能不能吃水果是否可吃可不吃1. 矿物质: mineral2. 抗氧化作用: antioxygenation 3. 细胞衰老: cell aging4. 维生素: vitamin5. 胆固醇浓度: cholesterol
38、 6. 可溶性纤维: soluble fibre7. 中风: stroke8. 冠心病: coronary disease9. 肺癌: lung cancer10. 维生素制剂: vitamin11. 人工合成的维生素: synthetic vitamin 12. 预防作用: preventive effects13. 营养: nutrition14. 天然食物: natural food15. 超氧化物: superoxide16. 岐(质)化酶(SOD)17. 活性: activity18. 衰老: aging19. 膳食: food20. 钙化: calcium 21. 肾脏: kidn
39、ey22. 损伤: damage/harm23. 血栓: thrombus24. 发热: fever25. 手术: surgery/surgical operation26. 心肌梗死: myocardial infarction 27. 肝肾功能不良: hepatic and renal function2010年：药理心理学新兴学科：药物心理学 (Pharmacopsychology)1. 药物: medicine/drug2. 生理作用: physiological function3. 心理效应: psychological effects4. 信任感: sense of trust
40、5. 体验: experience6. 评价: evaluation 7. 广告效应: influence of advertisement/advertising effects8. 新兴边缘学科: interdisciplinary subjects/boundary science9. 心理精神疾病: mental diseases10. 生理机能: physiological functioin11. 肾上腺皮质激素: adrenocortical hormone12. 分泌: secretion13. 内分泌: endocrine 14. 心脑血管系统: cardiocerebral
41、 vascular system15. 抗病能力: disease resistance 16. 病菌: bacteria17. 免疫: immune 18. 神经质: nervousness19. 意志薄弱: frailty/hypobulia 20. 心理缺陷: mental defect21. 安慰剂: placebo22. 心理安慰: psychological comfort23. 内源性脑啡肽: endogenous enkephalin24. 吗啡: morphine25. 自觉症状: subjective symptom26. 慢性病: chronic diseases27.
42、恶心呕吐: vomit28. 头晕目眩: vertigo29. 失眠: insomnia30. 心理暗示: psychological suggestion31. 癌症: cancer32. 类风湿性疾病: rheumatic disease33. 特效药: specific medicine34. 药物心理学: pharmacopsychology 35. 暗示疗法: suggestive therapy36. 安慰剂: placebo37. 器官功能: organ function38. 躯体症状: physical symptom 2013年：走出亚健康健康处方帮你走出“第三状态”1.
43、疲劳: fatigue2. 不愿意运动: unwilling to do exercises3. 失眠: insomnia4. 头痛: headache5. 注意力不集中: lack of concentration6. “灰色状态”: grey status7. 均衡营养: balanced nutrition8. 合理膳食: rational diet9. 糖: sugar10. 蛋白质: protein11. 脂类: fat 12. 矿物质: mineral13. 维生素: vitamin14. 热量过剩: excessive heat15. 热量不足: insufficient hea
44、t16. 脂肪类食物: fatty food17. 韭菜: leek18. 鳗鱼: sea eel19. 放松: relaxation20. 高峰: peak21. 低谷: low ebb22. 精力充沛: energetic23. 痛苦和烦恼: pain and vexation 24. 心理调节: psychological adjustment25. 心理平衡: psychological balance26. 超负荷运转: overload operation27. 丹田: the public region28. 负离子浓度: aeroanion concentration29. 神
45、经系统: nerve system30. 胃肠消化: digestion31. 体力、脑力、心理: physical energy, 32. 慢性疾病: chronic diseases33. 打盹: nap34. 颈项: neck35. 腰部: waist36. 肌肉紧张: muscular tension37. 颈肩病: neck and shoulder disease 2012年：电脑和健康电脑、网络与健康1. 忧虑: depression2. 显示器: monitor 3. 电子束: electron beam4. 辐射: radiation5. 电磁波: electromagnetic wave6. 肌肉骨骼系统: muscle and bones7. 腰: waist8. 颈: neck9. 肩: shoulders10. 腕部等: wrist 11. 生理: physiology 12. 心理: psychology/mentality13. 多梦: dreaminess14. 神经衰弱: neurasthenia 15. 紧张: tension16. 烦躁: vexation17. 焦虑不安: anxiety 18. 身心疲惫: fatigue19. 心理障碍: psychological disorder20.