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1、2023年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案第一部分 USE OF ENGLISHSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10points）The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not
2、 speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first s
3、uggested. 5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a partic
4、ular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scie
5、ntists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 o
6、f genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.Aselected Bprepared Cobliged DPleased2.Aunique Bpart
7、icular Cspecial Drare3.Aof Bwith Cin Dagainst4.Asubsequently Bpresently Cpreviously Dlately5.AOnly BSo CEven DHence6.Athought Bsight Ccost Drisk7.Aadvise Bsuggests Cprotests Dobjects8.Aprogress Bfact Cneed Dquestion9.Aattaining Bscoring Creaching Dcalculating10.Anormal Bcommon Cmean Dtotal11.Auncons
8、ciously Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely Dunaccountably12.Amissions Bfortunes Cinterests Dcareers13.Aaffirm Bwitness Cobserve Dapprove14.Amoreover Btherefore Chowever Dmeanwhile15.Agiven up Bgot over Ccarried on Dput down16.Aassessing Bsupervising Cadministrating Dvaluing17.Adevelopment Borigin Cco
9、nsequence Dinstrument18.Alinked B integrated Cwoven Dcombined19.Alimited Bsubjected Cconverted Ddirected20.Aparadoxical Bincompatible Cinevitable Dcontinuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，拟定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。文章首段主题句叙述到The idea that some
10、people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. 一些人比另一些人聪明，这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设。本文的中心思想为 一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及因素。本文的中心思想为 一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及因素。本文的中心思想为 一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及因素。题目解析：The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those
11、hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. 1.Aselected Bprepared Cobliged DPleased2.Aunique Bparticular Cspecial Drare3.Aof Bwith Cin Dagainst1语意辨析题 本题目选择动词过去分词形式，构成be to 的结构，在句子中充当谓语。
12、句子叙述到But Gregory Cochran, (a noted scientific iconoclast), is to say it anyway. “但是Gregory Cochran无论如何也要说出来。” 选项A. selected 选择；B. prepared 准备；C. obliged 被迫；D. pleased 快乐。不难发现，选项A. selected 选择，“但是Gregory Cochran选择无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项B. prepared 准备，“但是Gregory Cochran准备无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项C. obliged 被迫
13、，“但是Gregory Cochran被迫无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项D. pleased 快乐，“但是Gregory Cochran快乐无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义。在句子中四个选项似乎都合理，拟定该题目为语意辨析题。前边相邻句子叙述到The idea that some people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. “一些人比另一些人聪明，这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设。”因此，拟定本句子表达准备说出来。因此，对
14、的答案为B。2. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到He is that_ bird, a scientist who works independently_ any institution. “他是的科学家，他的观点与其他科学家。”选项A. unique 独一无二的；B. particular 特殊的，特别的；C. special 特殊的；D. rare 爱惜的。 不难发现，修饰“bird 鸟类”答案为rear， rear birds爱惜鸟类，引申为少之又少的人。3. 选择A 词汇辨析题 本题目选择介词，构成work短语，在句子中充当谓语，句子叙述到He is th
15、at rare bird, a scientist who works independently_ any institution. “他就是很少数的科学家，在所有科学家团队他的观点是与众不同的。”选项A. of 在范围之内；B. with 与一起；C. in 在之中；D. against 与相对。不难发现，前面单句表白他是少之又少的人，该句是表白不与别人为伍。同时，any institution任何流派也包含着作者。因此，对的答案为A，他就是很少数的科学家，在所有科学家团队中他的观点是独立的、与众不同的。He helped popularize the idea that some dis
16、eases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 4.Asubsequently Bpresently Cpreviously Dlately4. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择副词，在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not_thought to have a bacterial cause were
17、 actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. “他普及了一种观点，即某些没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病事实上是感染，这一观点一经提出就引起了极大争议。”选项A. subsequently 随后的；B. presently 当前的；C. previously 先前的；D. lately 后来。不难发现，为了于本句子中的“actually，事实上”互相呼应，要体现时间上的先后交替关系。选项A. subsequently 随后的，“即某些随后没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病
18、事实上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义；选项B. presently 当前的，“即某些当前没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病事实上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义；选项C. previously 先前的，“即某些以前没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病事实上是感染”，时间逻辑合理，符合句子含义；选项D. lately 后来，“即某些后来没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病事实上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为C。 5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. 5.AOnly BSo CEven D
19、Hence6.Athought Bsight Ccost Drisk5. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到_ he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. “但是，是他自己在想到要做的事情时都也许在发抖。” 选项A. Only 仅仅（表达强调）；B. So 因此（表达结果）；C. Even 甚至，即使（表达让步，包含转折意义）；D. Hence 因而（表达结果）。不难发现，句子中however表达与前面的语句表达转折关系。因此，对的答案为C。6. 固定搭配题 本题目选
20、择名词，构成at theof 的搭配，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到Even he, however, might tremble at the_of what he is about to do. “但是，即使是他自己在要做的事情时都也许在发抖。” 选项A. at the thought of 想到；B. at the sight of 看到；C. at the cost of 以为代价；D. at the risk of 冒险。不难发现，选项A. at the thought of 想到，“即使是他自己在想到要做的事情时都也许在发抖”，符合句子含义；选项B. at the sight of
21、看到，“即使是他自己在看到要做的事情时都也许在发抖”，句子自身表达有误，“看到了”自己“要做的事情”是自相矛盾的表达，既然看到就应当是正在做，不符合句子含义；选项C. at the cost of 以为代价，“即使是他自己在以要做的事情为代价时都也许在发抖”，句子自身表达不合理；选项D. at the risk of 冒险，“即使是他自己在冒险要做的事情时都也许在发抖”，句子自身表达有误，既然是“冒险”就应当是正在做而不是“要做”。因此，对的答案为A。Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not
22、 only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. 7.Aadvise Bsuggests Cprotests Dobjects7. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthco
23、ming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only _ that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. “他同两位科学家一起发表了一篇论文，论文中不仅某些人比其别人更聪明，并且解释了导致这种情况的过程。”选项A. advises 建议；B. suggests 暗示，建议；C. protests 抗议；D. objec
24、ts 反对。不难发现，句子的主语为“a paper”论文，宾语为“that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about”一群人比另一群人聪明，并且指出了导致该现象的因素，两者之间用“暗示，表白”。选项A. advises 建议，“论文中不仅建议某些人比其别人更聪明”，“建议”是具有独立意识行为能力的人才可以发出的动作，在此不符合句子含义；选项B. suggests 暗示，建议，“论文中不仅暗示某些人比其别人更聪明”，
25、符合句子含义；选项C. protests 抗议，“论文中不仅抗议某些人比其别人更聪明”，“抗议”是具有独立意识行为能力人才可以发出的动作，在此不符合句子含义；选项D. objects 反对，“论文中不仅反对某些人比其别人更聪明”，“反对”是具有独立意识行为能力人才可以发出的动作，在此不符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为B。The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.8.Aprogress Bfact Cneed Dquestion8.
26、选择D 固定搭配题 本题目选择介词短语，在句子中充当定语，修饰前面的the group。句子叙述到The group_are a particular people organized from central Europe. The process is natural selection. “的这些人是起源于中欧的一个独特民族，整个过程就是自然选择。”选项A. in progress 在的进程中；B. in fact 事实上；C. in need 需要的；D. in question 涉及的，谈到的。不难发现，前文提到的一群人比另一群人更聪明，这个固定人群已经拟定。选项A. in prog
27、ress 在的进程中，“进程中的这些人是起源于中欧的一个独特民族”，句子表达含混不清，不符合句子含义；选项B. in fact 事实上，“事实上的这些人是起源于中欧的一个独特民族”，句子表达含混不清，不符合句子含义；选项C. in need 需要的，“需要的这些人是起源于中欧的一个独特民族”，句子表达含混不清，不符合句子含义；选项D. in question 涉及的，谈到的，“谈到的这些人是起源于中欧的一个独特民族”，句子表达准确无误，符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为D。This group generally do well in IQ test, 9_ 12-15 points above
28、the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . 9.Aattaining Bscoring Creaching Dcalculating10.Anormal Bcommon Cmean Dtotal11.Aunconsciously Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely
29、Dunaccountably12.Amissions Bfortunes Cinterests Dcareers13.Aaffirm Bwitness Cobserve Dapprove9. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests ,_ 12-15 points “Ashkenazim在智商测试中成绩最佳，多12分到15分。”选项A. attaining 获得（长期努力）; B. scoring 得分；C. reaching 达成；D. calculating 计算。不难发现，句子中的宾语是分数，
30、因此要选择得分。因此，对的答案为B。10. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语，修饰后面的名词。句子叙述到scoring 12-15 points above the _value of 100, “Ashkenazim在智商测试中成绩最佳，比100分的分多得12分到15分。”选项A. normal 正常的；B. common 普通的；C. mean value 平均值；D. total 总共的。不难发现，100分是个参照值，这个数字是大多数人的基本智商数值。因此，对的答案为C。11. 语意辨析题本题目选择副词，在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到Ashkenazim generally
31、do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed _ to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, “Ashkenazim在智商测试中成绩最佳，比100分的平均分多得12分到15分。这个民族对西方学术及文化的奉献与他们的智商。”选项A. unconsciously 无意识地；B. disproportionately 不成比例地；C. indefinitely 不拟定地；D. unaccountably 无
32、缘无端地。不难发现，句子中的并列连词“and”表达前面的“高智商”与后面的“为西方学术和文化做奉献”构成顺接关系。选项A. unconsciously 无意识地,“这个民族的智商很高却无意识为西方学术及文化作奉献”，符合句子含义；选项B. disproportionately 不成比例地，“这个民族对西方学术及文化作奉献与他们的高智商却不成比例”，符合句子含义；选项C. indefinitely 不拟定地，“这个民族对西方学术及文化作奉献与他们的高智商之间的关联不拟定”，符合句子含义；选项D. unaccountably 无缘无端地，“这个民族对西方学术及文化作奉献与他们的高智商之间却毫无关联
33、（无缘无端）”，符合句子含义。显然，四个选项在句子中都合理，拟定该题目为语意辨析题。后面相邻语句叙述到They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer.与多数人相比，他们更容易患一些凶险的遗传病，如乳腺癌。可见，他们的高智商往往会让他们碰到始料不及的问题。高智商却无用武之地，或由于客观问题不能充足运用高智商来做奉献。因此，对的答案为B，这个民族对西方学术及文化作奉献与他们的高智商却不成比例。12. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，在as
34、 引导的非限制性定语从句中充当主语。句子叙述到Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the _of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, _. “Ashkenazim在智商测试中成绩最佳，比100分的平均分多得12分
35、到15分。这个民族对西方学术及文化的奉献与他们的智商却不成比例。像弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦等人同样的所的。”选项A. missions 任务；B. fortunes 运气；C. interests 爱好；D. careers 生涯，事业。不难发现，成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物证实了以上事实。因此，对的答案为D。13. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，在非限制性定语从句中充当谓语。句子叙述到as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, _. “成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物了以上事实”。选项A. affirm 证实；B.
36、 witness 目睹；C. observe 观测；D. approve 允许，批准。不难发现，这些成功人士自身经历对于如上的事实是真实的写照。选项A. affirm 证实，“成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物证实了以上事实”，符合句子含义；选项B. witness 目睹，“成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物亲眼目睹了以上事实”，显然空间和时间没有关联，不符合句子含义；选项C. observe 观测，“成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物观测了以上事实”，显然空间和时间没有关联，不符合句子含义；选项D. approve 允许，批准，“成功的弗洛伊德，爱因斯坦等著名人物批准了以上事实”，“批准”应
37、当是文献等，不能说批准事实。因此，对的答案为A。They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. 14.Amoreover Btherefore
38、 Chowever Dmeanwhile15.Agiven up Bgot over Ccarried on Dput down16.Aassessing Bsupervising Cadministrating Dvaluing14. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。句子叙述到They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, _, have pr
39、eviously been thought unrelated. “此外，与多数人相比，他们更容易患一些恶性的遗传病，例如乳腺癌。人们以前认为这两者是没有关联的。”选项A. moreover 此外，并且；B. therefore 因此；C. however 然而，但是；D. meanwhile 同时。不难发现，前后两个句子表现出转折关系。因此，对的答案为C，此外，与多数人相比，他们更容易患一些恶性的遗传病，例如乳腺癌。然而以前认为这两者是没有关联的。15. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词短语，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到The former has been _to social effects “
40、前者于社会影响。”选择动词，主语和宾语提供信息决定答案。选项A. be given up to 让与；B. get over 克服（不与to 连用）；C. carried on 继续（不与to 连用）；D. be put down to 归因于。不难发现，主语“the former”指代“智商”，宾语为“social effects 社会影响”。选项A. be given up to 让与“智商让步于社会影响”，不符合语言表达习惯，不符合句子含义；选项B. get over 克服（不与to 连用），结构上不符合语句规定；选项C. carried on 继续（不与to 连用），结构上不符合语句规
41、定；选项D. be put down to 归因于，“智商归因于社会影响”，符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为D。16. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动名词形式。句子叙述到The former has been put down to social effects, such as strong tradition of _education. “前者归因于于社会影响，例如教育的优良传统。”选项A. assessing 评估，评价；B. supervising 监督；C. administering 管理，掌管；D. valuing 重视。不难发现，选项A. assessing 评估，评价， 评价教育的优
42、良传统，不符合句子含义；选项B. supervising 监督，监督教育的优良传统，不符合句子含义；选项C. administering 管理，管理教育的优良传统，不符合句子含义；选项D. valuing 重视，重视教育的优良传统，符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为D。The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation.17.Adevelopment Borigin Cconsequence Dinstrument17. 固定搭配题本题目选择名词，构成asof的结构。句子叙述到The latter was seen as a _of gene
43、tic isolation. “后者被视为遗传隔离的。”选项A. development 发展；B. origin 起源；C. consequence 结果（as a consequence of以为结果，由于）; D. instrument 工具，器皿。不难发现，选项A. development 发展，不能构成“as development of”的短语，不符合句子含义；选项B. origin 起源，不能构成“as origin of”的短语，不符合句子含义；选项C. consequence 结果，as a consequence of以为结果，由于“后者被认为是遗传隔离的结果”，符合句子含
44、义；选项D. instrument 工具，器皿，不能构成“as instrument of”的短语，不符合句子含义。因此，对的答案为C。Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . 18.Alinked B integrated Cwoven Dcombined18. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately_.
45、 “但是，Cochran怀疑智力和疾病是_的。”选项A. linked 关联；B. integrated 组装；C. woven 摇摆；D. combined 连接。不难发现，句子表达的含义为“智力和疾病是紧密关联的。因此，对的答案为A。His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs. 19.Alimited Bsubjected Cconverted Ddirected20.Aparadoxical Bincompatible Cinevitable Dcontinuous19. 固定搭配题本题目选择动词，在句子中构成固定搭配，充当谓语。句子叙述到His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has_them to unique evolutionary pressures “他的论点是，这些人非同寻常的历史使他们某些独特