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1、大学四级阅读【1】Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details _1_ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often _2_, spor
2、ting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such _3_ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their _4_. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on
3、 them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other _5_ as well. The upper classes _6_ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class peopl
4、e often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is _7_.Clothes are _8_ at a price within most peoples reach. New clothes make the wea
5、rer feel good, and show some _9_ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look _10_ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tall E) totallyF) taken G) descriptions H) degr
6、ee I) clues J) aloneK) appear L) consider M) full N) hobby O) fetched【答案】1.选J)。此处应填副词。可选项有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况，平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级，故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。2.选D)。此处应填形容词。因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比，故此处应填与small“矮的”意思相反的词，选项中只有tall符合题意。而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰sporting typ
7、es,故排除。3.选G)。此处应填名词。现在的生活和工作条件改善了，情况已经不同了。而such指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合题意。4.选B)。此处应填名词。根据句意“衣服可以提供.方面的信息”，选项中有background和hobby，选background“人的背景，社会阶层”，符合文章主题。5.选I)。由as well可知，此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，选项中只有clues“线索”符合题意。6.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。选项中有appear和consider,appear可直接
8、接不定式;而consider带不定式的复合结构，用于积极语态时，consider后面得接宾语，故选appear。7选F)。这句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is.。可选项有taken和fetched,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿来”不能与opportunity构成动宾搭配，故排除fetched而选taken。8.选A)。此处应填形容词。句子意思是“衣服的价钱.，大多数人都买得起。”选项中只有available“可以接受的”符合题意。9.选H)。此处应填名词。由a price within most p
9、eoples reach可推出，此处新衣服向外界显示的是穿衣者的富裕限度，故选择degree“限度”。10.选C)。此处应填形容词。由new fashions和feel important可推出工人阶级想通过穿衣来改变他们，而选项中只有different“与众不同的”符合此意，故选择C)。【2】Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theresa big difference between being a writer an
10、d writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. Youve got to want to write, I say to them, not want to be a writer.The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethous
11、ands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediatel
12、y bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a _7_ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one ofthose pe
13、ople who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barelyD) doubtB) genuineC) rewardedE) lonelyF) povertyG) persuadeH) prospectsI) uncerta
14、intyJ)impossiblyK) encourageL)awardedM) aloneN)wealthO)cold【答案】1.选K)。 此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is. poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前程，
15、故排除prospects而选wealth。3.选E)。此处应填形容词，private, poor-paying一起修饰affair。选项中有lonely和alone,能修饰affair的只有lonely,alone表达“孤独的”时，通常作表语，故排除alone而选lonely。4.选C)。此处应填动词的被动形式。可选项有rewarded和awarded,前者可表达“(为所希望的举动得到的)回报”，后者作动词时表达“颁发，授予”，故只有rewarded符合题意而排除awarded。5.选H)。此处应填名词。“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队2023工作成为一个自由撰稿人时，没有任何.可言”，可选项有
16、prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”，因此排除wealth而选prospects“前程”。6.选O)。it指代的是apartment building，从had no bathroom可知这个公寓条件很差，选项中只有cold能说明公寓的条件差，故选择O)cold。7.选B)。“我立即买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己就仿佛是一个.的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家，故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。8.选D)。由空格前的to可知，此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doub
17、t,persuade,encourage,但由still hadnt gotten a break在写作上还没有任何进展”，所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否对的，故doubt符合文意。9.选A)。that从句结构完整，后面有made，故此处应填副词。可选项有barely和impossibly，因that引导的从句是对story的解释，再由hard一词可推知，此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅，刚刚”。10.选I)。由空格后的and可知，此处应填名词。由fear of failure可知，所填词应表达不好的境遇，可选项有poverty和unc
18、ertainty;又由fear可推知，此处强调的是生活的变化无常，而不是生活的贫困，故选uncertainty。【3】What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perh
19、aps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing itT
20、he immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should c
21、ome as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for poli
22、ticalBut strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Tha
23、nksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). Its what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. iden
24、tifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以拟定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表达“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出对的选项ans
25、wer.4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表达“旨在严禁酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以拟定I为对的选项。5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 拟定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表达“应当吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表达事实上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以拟定F为对的选项。6.B政治结果，可根据宗教因素religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以拟定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语
26、。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是拟定不变的”。因此可以拟定L为对的选项。8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出对的选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信”。10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，拟定选项为share, share sth. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。【4】Americans are proud o
27、f their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned
28、 to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or
29、a waiter to _6_ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of va
30、riety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.As
31、kill Bpopular Cget Dchange EsimilarlyFprofessional Gcharacter Hindividuality IinspireJdifferently Kexpect Lpractical MrecallNlose Oordinary1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的
32、，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more.than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian相对的，故F)对的。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian相应，故排除。3.选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更.”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表达“盼望(得到)
33、”的单词，只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯.从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。6.选N)。此处应填动词。.step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是.职业身份的很简朴的
34、方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。7.选L)。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“.节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增长信任感尚有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到傲慢无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺陷即为失去个性，故选项H)individuality对的。individualit
35、y强调与别人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D)对的。10.选E)。此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出.look alike,they tend to.，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E)similarly与alike意思相近，故选E)。【5】Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleeper
36、s” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsci
37、ousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to
38、 school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological
39、problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite diff
40、erent indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams muc
41、h better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. According to th
42、e report,_.A) many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their c
43、hildhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3. It is stated in the t
44、hird paragraph that short sleepers _.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problems4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers
45、might _.A) appear disturbedB) become energeticC) feel dissatisfiedD) be extremely depressed5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those s
46、hown by many mental patientsC) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest【答案及详解】答案：DCBAB贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大体与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了平常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”
47、表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常解决心理问题的方式：不认可问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只但是没有那么严重而已。“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们仿佛注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打扰。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、悲观和稍微有点儿沮丧，特别在社交场合缺