(附答案)高考英语词法之名词重点知识归纳.pdf

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1、1 (附答案)高考英语词法之名词重点知识归纳 单选题 1、Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower,which was painted in three _ of yellow.AportsBshoresCshadesDstairs 2、Whats the matter?Hes been walking around with _.He failed the examination.Aa long faceBa wide faceCa straight faceDa good face 3、We will explore a different _ to ga

2、thering information.AadventureBapproachCadvanceDaddition 4、Be as careful of the books you read,as of the _ you keep,for your habits and character will be as much influenced by the _ as by the latter.Aresentment.formalBcompany.former Chatred.formalDvirtue.former 5、What the doctor warned us is that th

3、e _ sleep may cause anger,poor memory and poor concentration.Awant inBdemand onClack inDlack of 6、The method seemed to work,as I gained the respect of my _,peers,and subordinates.AalumniBinternsCcolleaguesDseniors 7、One difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee

4、the _ of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost.AinspectionBexploitationCcontradictionDexception 8、They put an_ in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.AmapBadvertiseCinformationDadvertisement 2 9、Jim has changed a lot this year and has made a good _on others.AstressBconfusion

5、CimpressionDcampus 10、You shouldnt have been so rude to your friend.I think you owe him a(n)_.AapologyBfavourCdebtDattempt 11、In the _ of proof,the police could not take action against the man.AlackBshortageCabsenceDfailure 12、The _ of spicy,salty,sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard

6、to resist.AdecorationBconstructionCcompetitionDcombination 13、How to raise the awareness of environmental protection has become one of the most important _ to be discussed next meeting.AerrorsBperformancesCissuesDbehaviors 14、There come two buses.The former is very crowded,but there is much room in

7、_.AlateBlaterClatterDthe latter 15、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased _ of and support for teaching among the public and nation.ArealizationBprofessionCrecognitionDacquisition 16、There is a world of _ between liking someone and loving them.Ad

8、ifferenceBamusementCexpressionDdescription 17、I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my_.AforceBstrengthCenergyDpower 18、At present,the _ plays an important role in the citys transportation system.AhikeBfitnessCsubwayDstress 3 19、To fight against global warming,scientists are working on ener

9、gy-saving measures to reduce fuel _.AconsumptionBcollectionCcommitmentDdistribution 20、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his first _.ArescueBattemptCpurposeDrequest 21、Giorgio,now fifteen,and Lucia,also in her teens,were reaching t

10、he _ of their adolescence.AcrisisBcriterionCcausalityDcredibility 22、Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of _.AbrotherhoodBbrotherCbrothersDbrotherly 23、While most of us are only too ready to _ others the cold wind of _,we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm

11、 sunshine of praise.Arespond to.conflictBapply to.criticism Creact to.threatDreply to.superiority 24、I want to buy _ as a birthday gift for my sister.Asome jewelBa piece of jewelCa jewelleryDa piece of jewellery 25、He made a quick _ to the new surroundings.In other words,he was more _.Aadoption,adap

12、tiveBadaptation,adaptive Cadapt,adaptableDadaptation,adaptable 26、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream(主流)over the next _.AentranceBdecadeCcommitteeDfeedback 27、In a small wooded valley _ two towns,both set in beautiful _.Alies;surroundingBlie;surroundings 4 Clay;sur

13、roundingDdid lie;surroundings 28、The coach has_ in his athletes.AconfidenceBcompetenceCconvenienceDexpectation 29、People in this country who have no job can get money from _,but it isnt much to live on.AwelfareBpriceCprizeDsalary 30、There is a nice picture in the little_ bedroom.She likes it very mu

14、ch.AgirlBgirlsCgirlsDgirls 31、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the _ it can bring to the development of childrens brains.AsystemsBprioritiesCbarriersDbenefits 32、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是_ A主语 B谓语 C宾语 D表语 33、Nowadays,when you enter a shopping mall or bank,the sta

15、ff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of _.AcontactBroutineCvirtueDmanners 34、Though David received the_ from the school basketball team,he didnt give up his dream and continued practicing hard.AinteractionBcompanionshipCcooperationDrejection 35、Through that“window of the s

16、oul”,the eye,I can only“see”through my fingertips the _ of a face.AcriticismBoutlineCgentlenessDpace 36、There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some_ and then let me know.AthoughtBstrengthsCprotectionDauthority 5 37、Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last _.AflashBteenagerCsemes

17、terDfocus 38、My first _was to go straight to Henry and tell him my news,but on reflection I thought better of it.AimpulseBbaitCbounceDdistinction 39、Toms parents behavior,as well as their words _ a key effect on him during the past twenty years.AhaveBhave hadChas hadDhas 40、Thank goodness the lifegu

18、ard came to my _;otherwise,I might have drowned!AsenseBeffortCattentionDrescue 41、-What impressed you most during your stay in Britain?-I had the _ of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.AtreatyBprivilegeCinspirationDexploration 42、The lockdown hobbled Indias economy and its GDP recorded t

19、he sharpest _ in its history.AmotionBdissatisfactionCconservationDcontraction 43、Everyone must follow his advice and Mr.Wang,our headmaster,was no _.AexceptionBexpectationCexperienceDexpression 44、That flood has been _ several times to prove that its important to take preventive_.Areferred to,action

20、sBreferred,measure Creferred,actionDreferred to,measures 45、As a _ who has left college for over half a year;Marry finds it challenging to get a good job after her _.Agraduate;graduatingBgraduation;graduating 6 Cgraduation;graduate .Dgraduate;graduation 7 (附答案)高考英语词法之名词_007 参考答案 1、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句

21、意:梵高以他的向日葵而闻名,这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A.ports 港口;B.shores 海岸;C.shades 深浅,阴影;D.stairs 台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three”指用三种深浅不同的黄色颜料作画,应用 shade。故选 C。2、答案:A 解析:考查名词短语辨析。句意:有什么事吗?他一直愁眉苦脸地走来走去。他考试不及格。A.a long face 板着脸,愁眉苦脸;B.a wide face 一张宽的脸;C.a straight face 没有表情的脸,一本正经的脸;D.a good face 好的相貌。由语意可知,他考试不及格导致他愁眉

22、苦脸。故选 A 项。3、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure 探险;冒险;B.approach 方法;C.advance 进步;D.addition 附加物;补充物。短语:approach to sth.“的方法”,此处指收集信息的一种不同的方法,故选 B。4、答案:B 解析:考查名词和形容词辨析。句意:对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎,因为你的习惯和性格受到前者(书籍)和后者(朋友)的影响一样大。A.resentment 愤恨,formal 正式的;B.company 同伴,former 前者(的);C.hatred 憎恨,

23、formal 正式的;D.virtue 美德,former 前者(的)。根据“Be as careful of the books you read”可知,第一空拿读书和交友作比较,所以选“同伴”;根据“the latter”可知,第二空将前者和后者进行对比,8 所以选“前者”,故选 B。5、答案:D 解析:考查短语辨析。句意:医生警告我们的是,睡眠不足会引起愤怒、记忆力差和注意力不集中。A.want in 动词短语“想要进来”;B.demand on 名词短语“需要”;C.lack in,错误表达,正确形容词短语为 be lacking in“在缺少”;D.lack of 名词短语“缺少”。

24、根据句子结构,设空处缺少名词短语,与 sleep 一同作从句的主语,表示“睡眠不足”。故选 D。小提示:6、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:这种方法似乎奏效了,因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A.alumni 校友;B.interns 实习生;C.colleagues 同事;D.seniors 长辈。根据后面 peers(同龄人)and subordinates(下属),可知此处应该是“长辈”。故选 D 项。7、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:发达国家和发展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自然资源。A.inspection 检查;B.exploita

25、tion 利用,开发;C.contradiction 矛盾;D.exception 例外。根据语境和后文“of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost”可知,此处指自然资源的开发。故选 B 项。8、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A.map 地图;B.advertise 登广告;C.information 信息;D.advertisement 广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知,此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 9 乐家,不定冠词 an 后需接

26、名词 advertisement。故选 D。9、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:吉姆今年变化很大,给别人留下了很好的印象。A.stress 压力;B.confusion 困惑;C.impression 印象;D.campus 校园。由前面的 Jim has changed a lot 可知,句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大,给别人留下了很好的印象”,make a good impression on sb.是固定短语,意为“给某人留下很好的印象”,故选 C。10、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他道歉。A.apology 道歉;B.favou

27、r偏爱;C.debt 债务;D.attempt 试图。根据“so rude to your friend”可知,此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼貌而向他道歉。故选 A 项。11、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:在没有证据的情况下,警方不能对那个人采取行动。A.lack 缺少,多用于缺乏信心、经验不足等场景;B.shortage 短缺,指不足,但侧重达不到规定的,需要的或已知应有的数量;C.absence 缺席,指某物根本不存在或完全短缺,或某人虽存在,但未到现场;D.failure 失败。根据后文“of proof,the police could not take action again

28、st the man”表示事物根本不存在或完全短缺,应用 absence,故选 C。12、答案:D 解析:考查名词。句意:辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration 装饰;B.construction 建造;C.competition 竞争;D.combination 结合。设空处在句中作主语,结合句意和空后的“of spicy,salty,sweet and sour flavours”可知,此处是指几种口味的结合。故选 D。10 13、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A.errors 错误;B.per

29、formances 表演;C.issues 问题,重要议题;D.behaviors 行为。根据句意和句中“How to raise the awareness of environmental protection”可知,“如何提高环保意识”应该是会议上要讨论的问题,“issue”意为“问题,重要议题”,符合语境,“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”,意为“最之一”,故空格处用“issue”的复数形式“issues”。故选 C 项。14、答案:D 解析:考查名词。句意:来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤,但后面一辆有很大的空间。A.late 迟(的),作形容词或副词;B.lat

30、er 后来(的),作形容词或副词;C.latter 后者(的),作形容词或名词;D.the latter 后者。根据“There come two buses.The former is very crowded”可知,这里特指两辆公共汽车的后面一辆。故选 D。15、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育,这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization 实现;B.profession 专业;C.recognition 承认,认可;D.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得。根据“are willing to”可知,人们愿意说明大家认可。故选

31、 C。16、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是一个喜欢一个人和爱一个人完全不同的世界。A.difference 不同;B.amusement 高兴;C.expression 表达;D.description 描写。根据句子意思可知,“like”和“love”是近义词,但是程度不一样,所以体现出它们的不同。故选 A 项。11 17、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:恐怕我帮不了你的忙,这事我无能为力。A.force 武力;B.strength 力量;C.energy 能量;D.power 能力。根据上文“I am afraid I can not help you as it i

32、s beyond my”可知为短语 beyond ones power 表示“力所不及”。故选 D。18、答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:目前,地铁在城市交通系统中扮演着重要的角色。A.hike 徒步旅行;B.fitness 健康;C.subway 地铁;D.stress 压力。根据常识可知,地铁属于城市交通系统的一部分。故选 C。19、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了对抗全球变暖,科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A.consumption消耗;B.collection 收藏品;C.commitment 承诺;D.distribution 分配。根据上文“To fi

33、ght against global warming,scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知,指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施,来对抗全球变暖,应用 consumption。故选 A。20、答案:B 解析:考查名词。句意:杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备,以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt 尝试;C:purpose 目的;D:request 要求.固定句式 at ones first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时,结合句意,故选 B。21、答案

34、:A 解析:12 考查名词词义辨析。句意:现年 15 岁的乔治和青少年的的露西亚正处于青春的“危机期”。A.crisis 危机;B.criterion 标准;C.causality 因果关系;D.credibility 可靠性。根据句意和选项可知,他们都处于青春期,有青春期的问题,所以应选危机。故选 A 项。22、答案:A 解析:考查名词。句意:一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A.brotherhood 兄弟情谊;B.brother 兄弟;C.brothers 兄弟(复数);D.brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together”(一

35、起作战的士兵)可知,一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊,所以此处指“兄弟情谊”,应用名词 brotherhood,故选 A。23、答案:B 解析:考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意:我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上,但不知何故却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A.respond to 对作出回应,conflict 冲突,矛盾;B.apply to 把应用到,把施加到,criticism 批评;C.react to 对作出反映,threat 威胁;D.reply to 对作出回复,superiority 优越,优势。根据 while 可知,前后两句表示转折关系。所以,the c

36、old wind of _和第二句话中的“give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选 B。apply sth.to sb.意为“将应用到,将施加到”。该处指 apply the cold wind of criticism to others(将批评的冷风施加到别人身上,即:批评别人)。故选 B。24、答案:D 解析:考查名词。句意:我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel 指宝石,珍宝,一般指的仅仅是宝石;jewellery 珠宝首饰,侧重指首饰,为不可数名词,

37、表示“一件珠宝”应用 a piece of jewellery。故选 D。25、答案:D 13 解析:考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意:他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说,他的适应能力更强。A.adoption,adaptive 采用;适应的,常用在专业术语当中;B.adaptation,adaptive 适应;适应的;C.adapt,adaptable 动词,适应;能适应的,适应性强的,指在生活中表示适应能力强;D.adaptation,adaptable 适应;能适应的,适应性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings”可知指适应新环境,应用 make a quick

38、adaptation;第二空表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词 adaptable。故选 D。26、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A.entrance 入口;B.decade 十年;C.committee 委员会;D.feedback 反馈。根据句意以及前文 over the next 可知,此处指“在未来十年”。故选 B项。27、答案:B 解析:考查倒装句,时态和名词。句意:在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇,都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句子可知,表示方位的介副词短语置于句首,句子使用全部倒装,根据句意用一般现在时,lie“位于”,lay

39、 是 lie 的过去式,故排除 C、D 项,主语是 two towns,是复数,故谓语动词用复数,surrounding“周围的”,是形容词,surroundings“环境”是名词,形容词 beautiful 修饰名词 surroundings 作介词宾语,故选 B。28、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:教练对他的运动员有信心。A.confidence 信心;B.competence 能力;C.convenience方便;D.expectation 期望。由 The coach 和 his athletes 可知,句子表示“教练对他的运动员有信心”,have confidence in

40、 sb.是固定短语,意为“对某人有信心”,故选 A。14 29、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:在这个国家里,失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱,但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare(政府给予的)福利;B.price 价格;C.prize 奖赏;D.salary 工资。根据前文“who have no job”可知,因为是没有工作的人,由此可知,此处需用名词 welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。故选 A。30、答案:C 解析:考查名词所有格。句意:小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后“bedroom”可知,空格处应用名词所有格,表示“小女孩的卧室”,根据句

41、中“She”可知,句中指一个小女孩,故排除 B 和 D,单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加“s”,故空格处应填“girls”,意为“女孩的”。故选 C 项。31、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:学校应该定期教授音乐,因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A.systems 体系,系统;B.priorities 优先事项;C.barriers 障碍;D.benefits 好处。根据“Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools”推知,音乐对儿童大脑的发展是有好处的。故选 D。小提示:32、答案:D 解析:考查句子成分。句意:我的哥哥是一名

42、警察。句子中,“my brother”为主语,is 为系动词,“a policeman”在系动词后作表语。故选 D。33、答案:B 15 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在,当你进入购物商场或者银行时,员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact 联系;B.routine 惯例,常规;C.virtue 道德,美德;D.manners 礼貌。根据句子分析可知,此处表示“按照惯例,作为例行公事”,表达为 as a matter of routine。故选 B。小提示:34、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝,但他并没有放弃自己的梦想,并继续努力练习。A.i

43、nteraction 互动;B.companionship 友谊;C.cooperation 合作;D.rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折关系,可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝,拒绝(rejection)符合语境和句意,故选 D。35、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:透过“灵魂之窗”的眼睛,我只能通过指尖“看到”一张脸的轮廓。A.criticism 批评;B.outline 轮廓;C.gentleness 温柔;D.pace 节奏。分析句意可知,此空意为“轮廓”,名词 outline 意为“轮廓”,see 为及物动词,后接名词 outline 作宾语。故选 B 项。36、答案:A

44、 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下,然后告诉我。A,thought 思考;B。strengths 力量;C.protection 保护;D.authority 权威。根据“There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知,现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下,然后告诉我。故选 A 项。37、答案:C 解析:16 考查名词词义辨析。句意:王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A.flash 闪现;B.teenager 青少年;C.semester学期;D.focus 焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered

45、 two graduate courses last”可知,王教授是在上学期开了两门研究生课程,故选 C。38、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的第一个冲动是直接去找亨利把我的消息告诉他,但经过深思熟虑,我改变了主意。A.impulse 冲动;B.bait 诱饵;C.bounce 弹跳;D.distinction 差别。根据句意和句中“but on reflection I thought better of it”可知,“我”之前的决定未经过深思熟虑,是冲动的做法,impulse 意为“冲动”。故选 A 项。39、答案:C 解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的 20 年里,

46、汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间状语“during the past twenty years”可知,句子谓语用现在完成时。当“as well as”并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就远原则,即和“behavior”保持一致,所以要用第三人称单数形式。故选 C。40、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:谢天谢地,救生员来救我;否则,我可能淹死了!A.sense 感觉,意识;B.effort 努力;C.attention 注意力;D.rescue 营救,援救。根据句意,此处涉及动词短语 come to ones rescue 为固定搭配,意为“营救某人”。故选 D 项。小提示:41、

47、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么?女王访问我们学校时,我有幸见到 17 了她。A.treaty 条约;B.privilege 特权,荣幸;C.inspiration 灵感;D.exploration 探测。have the privilege of doing sth“很荣幸做某事”是固定短语。故选 B 项。42、答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:封锁令印度经济陷入困境,其 GDP 出现了历史上最严重的收缩。A.motion 运动;B.dissatisfaction 不满;C.conservation 保护;D.contraction 收缩。根据

48、The lockdown hobbled Indias economy 及常识可知,封锁使经济陷入困境,从而造成了 GDP 的收缩(contraction)。故选 D 项。43、答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个人都必须听从他的建议,我们的王校长也不例外。A.exception 例外;B.expectation 期待;C.experience 经验;D.expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone must follow his advice”可知,王校长也不例外。故选 A。44、答案:D 解析:考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意:人们多次提到那次洪水,以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表示“提到,提及”应用短语 refer to;结合上文“its important to take preventive”指采取预防措施,应用 take measures,也可以说成 take action。故选 D。45、答案:D 解析:考查名词。句意:作为一名离校半年以上的毕业生,玛丽觉得毕业后找份好工作很有挑战性。A 第一空处前为不定冠词 a,设空处应为名词单数形式,根据句意,表示“毕业生”应用名词 graduate;第二空处前为形容词性物主代词,设空处应为名词,结合句意,此处表示“毕业”,应用名词 graduation。故选 D。18

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