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1、2021 届安徽省芜湖市第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The Origins of Famous Brands Our lives are full of brand names and trademarked products that we use every day.Although many brand names are simple acronyms(首字母缩略词)or versions of their
2、 founders names,some of the companies we trust every day actually have fascinating and surprising back stories.Starbucks It seems fitting that the most famous coffee brand in the world would take its name from one of the worlds greatest works of literature.The inspiration for the name of the coffeeh
3、ouse came from Herman MelvillesMoby Dick.The founders original idea was to name the company after the Captain Ahabs ship,but they eventually decided that Pequot wasnt a great name for coffee,so they chose Ahabs first mate,Starbucks,as the name instead.Google Google was originally called Backrub,for
4、it searched for links in every corner of the Web.In 1997,when the founders of the company were searching for a new name showing a huge amount of data for their rapidly improving search technology,a friend suggested the word“googol”.When a friend tried to register the new domain(域)name,he misspelled“
5、googol”as“google”.Nike Originally founded as a distributor for Japanese running shoes,the company was originally named BRS,or Blue Ribbon Sports.In 1971,BRS introduced its own soccer shoe,a model called Nike,which is alsothe name for the Greek goddess of victory.In 1978,the company officially rename
6、d itself as Nike,Inc.The right name is essential to a companys success,and a great origin story is just as important as a great product.An attractive origin story is one more thing that keeps customers guessing,wondering,and buying its products.1.What is the name of the Captain Ahabs ship?A.Moby Dic
7、k.B.Starbucks.C.Pequot.D.Herman Melville.2.Why did the founders of the Google want to change its name?A.They mistook their name.B.They wanted new customers.C.The companys original name was too long.D.The companys search technology was improving rapidly.3.Where does the importance of the origin story
8、 of one company lie in?A.It can change the companys image.B.It can add myth to the company.C.It explains the development of the company to customers.D.It makes customers imagine and purchase its goods.B Global food demand will double by 2050,according to a new projection,and the farming techniques u
9、sed to meet that unprecedented(空前的)demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment,researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land,increase nitrogen(氮)use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
10、 gas emissions.“Agricultures greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,”study researcher David Tilman,of theUniversityofMinnesota,said in a statement.“This would be a major problem,since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all gr
11、eenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned.They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient“intensive”farming method,which involves t
12、he heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the“extensive”farming currently practiced by many poor nations,a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly differen
13、t yields,the researchers found in 2005,the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming,if poorer nations continue using this method,by 2050theywill have cleared an area
14、 larger than theUnited States,about 2.5 billion acres.However,if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收)intensive farming practices,that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future foo
15、d demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earths remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,”Tilman said.4.What is the best title of this passage?A.The World Will Need Double Food by 2050 B.Man W
16、ill Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the Future C.Future Farmers Hold Environments Fate in Their Hands D.Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields 5.The character of the extensive farming is _.A.very cost-effective B.to produce more crops per acre C.at cost of more new land to
17、 produce more food D.very environmentally friendly 6.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.poorer nations mainly use the intensive farming B.wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farming C.the intensive farming needs less food producers D.the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosyst
18、ems 7.According to the passage,the underlined word“they”in the 7th paragraph refers to“_”.A.poorer nations B.the effects of extensive farming C.wealthy nations D.future food demand C If youre looking for a reason to care about tree loss,this summers record-breaking heat waves might be it.Trees can l
19、ower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit,according to arecent study.But tree cover in US cities is shrinking(缩减).A study published last year by the US Forest Service found that we lost 36 million trees annually from urban and rural communities over a five-year period.“If
20、we continue on this path,cities will become warmer,more polluted and generally unhealthier for inhabitants,”said David Nowak,a senior US Forest Service scientist and co-author of the study.Nowak says there are many reasons why our tree cover is declining,including hurricanes,tornadoes,fires,insects
21、and disease.But the one reason for tree loss that humans can control is sensible development.Nowak says there is a downside to trees too,such as pollen allergy(花粉过敏)or large tailing branches in storms,and people dont like sweeping leaves.But,he says,there are ways cities and counties can manage tree
22、s to help communities thrive(繁荣).Urban forests especially need our help to replace fallen trees.Unlike rural areas,it is very difficult for trees to repopulate themselves in a city environment with so much pavement and asphalt(沥青).“A lot of our native trees cant actually find a place to drop a seed
23、so they can regenerate,”explains Greg Levine,co-executivedirector of Trees Atlanta.“Thats why the community has to go in and actually plant a tree because the areas just arent natural anymore.”Nowak says the first step is caring for the trees on your own property(财产).“We think we pay for our house,a
24、nd sowe must maintain it.But because we dont pay for nature,we dont need to.And thats not necessarily true.”8.Why does the author mention“trees can lower summer daytime temperatures”?A.To tell the temperatures in summer are high.B.To explain the reason of tree loss.C.To tell trees are helpful.D.To i
25、ntroduce the topic.9.How can humans control tree loss according to Nowak?A.Develop cities in reasonable ways.B.Prevent fires form damaging trees.C.Improve climate to let trees grow.D.Decrease insects in cities.10.Why do forests in cities need our help?A.Because trees dont grow in a city environment.
26、B.Because native trees dont drop seeds any more.C.Because trees in urban areas cant regenerate naturally.D.Because humans want to plant more trees.11.What is the purpose of this passage?A.Describe the importance of trees in cities.B.Appeal people to protect trees in their surroundings.C.Ask people t
27、o plant trees with the author.D.Show the number of trees in theUSis declining.D My first week working in a restaurant,one of the servers said something that stuck with me:Everyone should work in a restaurant for at least a year.At the time,I didnt get it,but I took the advice to heart and worked in
28、restaurants on and off for the next eight years.Before realizing it,I mastered many important skills,one of which is communication skill.When I was little,I was so shy that I used to hide behind my mom whenever someone spoke to me.And when I first started in restaurants,I had two personalities:Resta
29、urant Lizzy and Home Lizzy.It was easier to pretend to be a different person while at work,since it was so different from who I actually was.But gradually,the skills I learned working in restaurants helped Home Lizzy come out of her shell in the real world.When you work in a restaurant,you dont have
30、 the luxury of hiding behind your parents to avoid talking to people.Im still 110%an introvert,but restaurant work helped me communicate.Working in a restaurant not only helped me speak clearly,deliberately and directly but also taught me how to talk about almost everything.Some guests dont want the
31、ir servers to interact too much with them,and thats fine.But some sit at the bar simply to chat with you.You learn how to judge your guests level of interest in communicating with you,and how to exit a conversation at the appropriate time.My restaurant work is something that Im most proud of and I k
32、now I wouldnt be the person I am today without those eight years of experience.If youre still on the fence about working in a restaurant for that long,start with one year.I doubt that youll look back.12.What did the writer think of the servers words?A.Impressive.B.Ridiculous.C.Amusing.D.Logical.13.W
33、hat do we infer from Paragraph 2?A.The writer tried different jobs.B.The writer became more sociable.C.The writer used an invented name.D.The writer had a hard time at work.14.Which of the following best describes the writers restaurant work?A.Boring.B.Relaxing.C.Worthwhile.D.Unchallenging.15.What m
34、essage does the writer try to convey in this passage?A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B.Things are difficult before they are easy.C.Communication skills advance your career.D.Restaurantwork helps to achieve a better self.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 C
35、ritical thinking means absorbing important information and using that to form a decision or opinion of your own._16_But luckily,its something you can train yourself to do better.One of the most important parts of thinking critically is learning what details matter.Were exposed to so much information
36、 and so many different opinions every day that its really easy to get lost in the details._17_ Knowing which details matter is the first part of critical thinking,but its pretty useless if you dont know what types of questions to ask next._18_Its important to always ask yourself why something is imp
37、ortant and how it connects to things you already know.As you do that,you train your brain to think critically about more information you come across.As with anything,if you want to get good at critical thinking,you need to practice it every day._19_This could be casual observations or a notebook wit
38、h opinions,but the point is to write every single day.Likewise,participating in a healthy debate with friends is great practice._20_The more knowledge you gain,the better youll become at thinking about it.That doesnt mean that you should be constantly thinking about thinking,but the end result is a
39、brain that automatically forms better arguments,focused ideas,and creative solutions to problems.A.Critical thinking doesnt end.B.It doesnt always come naturally to us.C.Critical thinking cant be learned in school.D.You should question all the provided details.E.One easy way to do this is to keep a
40、journal of some kind.F.After all,thinking critically and asking questions go hand in hand.G.Subsequently,we need to train ourselves to learn which details matter.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Mary and her husband had a dog named“Lucky”.
41、Whenever their friends came for a weekend visit,they would warn them notto leave the_21_open because Lucky would_22_whatever he likes.However,someone would forget and something would come up_23_.Mary or Jim would go to Luckys toy box in the_24_.There the_25_would be,among Luckys other toys.It happen
42、ed that Mary found out that she had cancer.Something told her she was going to_26_.The night before she was to go to the hospital,a thought_27_her that she had to leave Lucky.The thought made her_28_than thinking of her own death._29_the day came for Mary to leave the hospital.When she arrived home,
43、Mary was so_30_that she couldnt even go to her bedroom.Jim left her to_31_on the sofa.When Mary woke up,she couldnt understand what was wrong.She couldnt_32_her head and her body.But panic soon gave way to_33_when Mary realized the problem.She was_34_with some toys!While she had slept,the sorrowing
44、dog had made trip after trip to the basement_35_his beloved hostess all his favorite things in life.He had covered her with his_36_.Mary forgot about dying._37_she and Lucky began living again,_38_further and further together every day.Its been 12 years now and Mary is still_39_.Lucky still steals t
45、reasures and hides them in his toy box and Mary remains his greatest treasure.Never forget the people who make a(n)_40_in our lives are the ones that care for us.If you see someone without a smile today,give them one!Live simply.Love seriously!21.A.box B.luggage C.wallet D.door 22.A.steal B.swallow
46、C.play D.protect 23.A.broken B.dirty C.missing D.present 24.A.bedroom B.kitchen C.yard D.basement 25.A.treasure B.food C.gift D.blanket 26.A.recover B.die C.survive D.suffer 27.A.defeated B.prevented C.struck D.influenced 28.A.prouder B.happier C.angrier D.sadder 29.A.Finally B.Gradually C.Particula
47、rly D.Normally 30.A.excited B.sad C.tired D.frightened 31.A.rest B.sleep C.wait D.calm 32.A.move B.control C.feel D.shake 33.A.anger B.disappointment C.excitement D.laughter 34.A.surrounded B.covered C.provided D.moved 35.A.returning B.hiding C.bringing D.taking 36.A.life B.love C.joy D.sadness 37.A
48、.Instead B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Thus 38.A.living B.walking C.rushing D.studying 39.A.weak B.humorous C.healthy D.hopeful 40.A.difference B.agreement C.promise D.decision 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Johann Sebastian Bach was a talented and influential composer a
49、nd musician._41._(know)as the father of western music for his great works,Bach created over 1,000 pieces of music in his lifetime.Bach was born in 1685 in a small town in Germany.His father taught him to play the violin and harpsichord(old piano)and_42._addition,he learned to play the organ(管风琴)from
50、 his older brother.Bach became a famous organist when he was young,working as a musician for a_43._(various)of churches.He began to compose original works for all sorts of church services.However,most of this music was written to be performed only once and_44._(eventual),only very little of his musi