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1、2023年湖南工商(经企)管理硕士入学考试(GMAT)考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Pollutants in the atmosphere can cause acid rain (rain with high acidity levels). While acid rain in itself cannot significantly affect the acidity of bodies of water into which it falls, i
2、t can greatly increase the acidity of nearby lakes by increasing the amount of decaying matter on a forest floor. A recent increase in the acidity of the water in Forest Lake, therefore, surely indicates that the rain failing nearby has become more acid. Which of the following, if tree, most serious
3、ly weakens the argument? (A) Even in areas without significant amounts of acid rain, most lakes in regions with vegetation similar to the vegetation around Forest Lake have acidity levels higher than those of other lakes. (B) Recent air-quality tests in the region around Forest Lake have revealed a
4、slight increase in the amount of pollutants in the air. (C) Large-scale logging, which was recently begun in the forest surrounding Forest Lake, has increased the amount of decaying matter on the forest floor. (D) There is some disagreement among scientists about exactly how pollutants in the atmosp
5、here cause acid rain. (E) Decaying matter exists on all forest floors and is an important factor in maintaining the healthy growth of the forests. 2.Most of Earth's surface is ocean. The ocean floor is inaccessible for extensive research without equipment of greater technological sophistication
6、than is currently available. It must therefore be true that scientists know less about the ocean floor environment than about almost any other environment on Earth. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the conclusion? (A) Many mountain ranges lie entirely beneath the ocean
7、surface, yet new underwater surveying equipment has produced three-dimensional charts of them that are as accurate as those available for mountain ranges on land. (B) Strong water currents circulate on the ocean floor, but the general pattern of their movement is not so well understood as is the pat
8、tern of air currents that circulate over land. (C) In contrast to most land environments, temperature conditions at the ocean floor are generally stable and uniform, since sunlight does not penetrate far below the ocean surface. (D) Very few people have seen detailed maps of extended regions of the
9、ocean floor, even though such maps are available in almost all large libraries. (E) Animals living on the ocean floor must be able to withstand water pressure that is far greater than the atmospheric pressure with which land animals live. 3.At the Shadybrook dog kennel, all the adult animals were gi
10、ven a new medication designed to reduce a dog's risk of contracting a certain common infection. Several days after the medication was administered, most of the puppies of these dogs had elevated temperatures. Since raised body temperature is a side effect of this medication, the kennel owner hyp
11、othesized that the puppies elevated temperatures resulted from the medication's being passed to them through their mothers' milk. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the kennel owner's hypothesis? (A) Some puppies have been given the new medication directly but
12、 have not suffered elevated temperatures as a side effect. (B) The new medication has been well received by dog breeders as a safe and effective way of preventing the spread of certain common canine infections. (C) None of the four puppies in the kennel who had been bottle-fed with formula had eleva
13、ted temperatures. (D) An elevated temperature is a side effect of a number of medications for dogs other than the new medication administered at the kennel. (E) Elevated temperatures such as those suffered by most of the puppies in the kennel rarely have serious long-term effects on a puppy's he
14、alth. 4.Which of the following most logically completes the argument? Alivia's government has approved funds for an electricity-generation project based on the construction of a pipeline that will carry water from Lake Cylus, in the mountains, to the much smaller Lake Tifele, in a nearby valley.
15、 The amount of electricity generated will be insufficient by itself to justify the project's cost, even if the price of imported oilAlivia's primary source of electricityincreases sharply. Nonetheless, the pipeline project is worth its cost, because_. (A) the price of oil, once subject to fr
16、equent sharp increases, has fallen significantly and is now fairly stable (B) the project could restore Lake Tifele, which is currently at risk of drying up and thus of being lost as a source of recreation income for Alivia (C) the government of Alivia is currently on excellent terms with the govern
17、ments of most of the countries from which it purchases oil (D) it would cost less to generate electricity by moving water from Lake Cylus to Lake Tifele than to do so by moving water from Lake Cylus to another valley lake (E) Alivian officials do not expect that the amount of electricity used in Ali
18、via will increase substantially within the next ten years 5.Amusement rides at permanent fairgrounds are dismantled once a year for safety inspections by independent consultants. Traveling fairs, which relocate each month, can slip past the net of safety inspections and escape independent inspection
19、 for several years. Therefore, the rides at traveling fairs are less safe than the rides at permanent fairs. Which of the following, if true about traveling fairs, most seriously weakens the argument? (A) Before each relocation, the operators dismantle their rides, observing and repairing potential
20、sources of danger, such as worn ball bearings. (B) Their managers have less capital to spend on the safety and upkeep of the rides than do managers of permanent fairs. (C) Since they can travel to new customers, they rely less on keeping up a good reputation for safety. (D) While they are traveling,
21、 the fairs do not receive notices of equipment recalls sent out by the manufacturers of their rides. (E) The operators of the rides often do-not pay careful attention to the instructions for operating their rides. 6.When cut, the synthetic material fiberglass, like asbestos, releases microscopic fib
22、ers into the air. It is known that people who inhale asbestos fibers suffer impairment of lung function. A study of 300 factory workers who regularly cut fiberglass showed that their lung capacity is, on average, only 90 percent of that of a comparable group of people who do not cut fiberglass. The
23、statements above, if tree, most strongly support which of the following hypotheses? (A) People who work with fiberglass are likely also to work with asbestos. (B) Fiberglass fibers impair lung function in people who inhale them. (C) Fiberglass releases as many fibers into the air when cut as does as
24、bestos. (D) Coarse fibers do not impair lung function in people who inhale them. (E) If uncut, fiberglass poses no health risk to people who work with it. 7.Politician: Pundits claim that by voting for candidates who promise to cut taxes, people show that they want the government to provide fewer se
25、rvices than it has been providing. By that reasoning, however, people who drink too much alcohol at a party in the evening want a headache the next morning. Which of the following could replace the statement about people who drink too much without undermining the force of the politician's argume
26、nt? (A) People who spend more money than they can afford want the things they spend that money on. (B) People who seek different jobs than they currently have do not want to work at all. (C) People who buy new cars want to own cars that are under manufacturer's warranty. (D) People who decide to
27、 stay in bed a few extra minutes on a workday morning want to have to rush to arrive at work on time. (E) People who buy lottery tickets want the economic freedom that winning the lottery would bring. 8.Like most other coastal towns in Norway, the town of Stavanger was quiet and peaceful until the e
28、arly 1960's, when it became Norway's center for offshore oil exploration. Between then and now, violent crime and vandalism in Stavanger have greatly increased. Stavanger's social problems probably resulted from the oil boom, since violent crime and vandalism have remained low in coastal
29、 towns in Norway that have had no oil boom. Which of the following most accurately describes the method of reasoning employed in the argument? (A) Arguing that a circumstance is not a precondition for a phenomenon on the grounds that the phenomenon sometimes occurs where the circumstance is not pres
30、ent. (B) Arguing that a circumstance is a cause of a phenomenon on the grounds that the phenomenon has not occurred where the circumstance is not present. (C) Arguing that a particular thing cannot have caused a phenomenon because that thing was not present before the phenomenon occurred. (D) Attemp
31、ting to establish a claim by arguing that the denial of the claim is inconsistent with the observed facts. (E) Attempting to establish that certain circumstances that would have had to occur for a particular explanation to be correct could not have occurred. 9.Excavations at a Mayan site have uncove
32、red jewelry workshops located some distance from the center of the site on roads radiating outward from the center. Since the nobility lived only in the area of the center, archaeologists conclude that these workshops made jewelry, not for the nobility, but for a middle class that must have been pro
33、sperous enough to afford it. The archaeologists' argument assumes which of the following about the artisans who worked in the workshops? (A) They were themselves prosperous members of a middle class. (B) They lived near their workshops. (C) Their products were not made from the same materials as
34、 was jewelry for the nobility. (D) They worked full-time at making jewelry and did not engage in farming. (E) They did not take the jewelry they had made in the workshops to clients who were members of the nobility. 10.Over the last 40 years there has been a great increase not only in the number of
35、agricultural pesticides in use but also in the care and sophistication with which they are used by farmers. Nevertheless, the proportion of agricultural crops lost to certain pests worldwide has increased over the same period, even when the pests concerned have not developed resistance to existing p
36、esticides. Which of the following, if true, best explains how improvements in pesticide use have been accompanied by greater losses to certain pests? (A) Some dangerous but relatively ineffective pesticides common 40 years ago are no longer in widespread use. (B) As pesticides have become increasing
37、ly pest-specific, controlling certain pests with pesticides has turned out to cost more in many cases than the value of crop losses caused by those pests. (C) Because today's pesticides typically have more specific application conditions than did pesticides in use 40 years ago, today's farme
38、rs observe their fields more closely than did farmers 40 years ago. (D) Certain pest-control methods that some farmers use today do not involve the use of chemical pesticides but are just as effective in eliminating insect pests as those that do. (E) Forty years ago, much less was known about the ef
39、fects of pesticides on humans and other mammalian species than is now known. 11.Authorities in California required drivers to use their headlights on a certain road during the daytime as well as at night and found that annual accident rates on the road fell 15 percent from the previous level. They c
40、oncluded that applying the daytime rule statewide would lead to a similar reduction in accidents. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the authorities' argument? (A) Because an alternate route became available, the volume of traffic on the test road decreased during the test period.
41、 (B) Drivers were informed of the requirement to use their headlights on the test road by means of a series of three conspicuous signs in each direction of travel. (C) Under certain conditions, among them fog and heavy rain, most drivers in California already use their headlights during the daytime.
42、 (D) Full-scale application of the daytime rule would cause headlight bulbs to burn out sooner than they currently do and thus to require more frequent replacement. (E) The test road was selected to include a great variety of the sorts of road conditions that drivers in California are likely to enco
43、unter. 12.Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the passage? Every fusion reaction releases neutrinos. To test a hypothesis about the frequency of fusion reactions in the Sun, physicists calculated the number of neutrinos the Sun would produce annually if the hypothesis were corr
44、ect. From this they estimated how many neutrinos should pass through a particular location on Earth. The fact that far fewer neutrinos were counted than were predicted to pass through the location would seem to prove that the hypothesis is wrong, except that (A) the physicists, using a different met
45、hod for estimating how many neutrinos should reach the location, confirmed their original estimate (B) there are several competing hypotheses about the frequency of solar fusion reactions (C) there is not enough energy in the Sun to destroy a neutrino once it is released (D) the method used to count
46、 neutrinos detects no more than approximately ten percent of the neutrinos that pass through (E) neutrinos released in the fusion reactions of other stars also reach the Earth 13.An economist concluded that Kregg Company deliberately discriminated against people with a history of union affiliation i
47、n hiring workers for its new plant. The economist's evidence is that, of the 1,500 people hired to work at the new plant, only 100 had ever belonged to a labor union, whereas in Kregg Company's older plants, a much higher proportion of workers have a history of union affiliation. Which of th
48、e following is an assumption on which the economist's argument depends? (A) None of the people with a history of union affiliation who were hired to work at the new plant were union organizers. (B) Applicants for jobs at the new plant were not asked by Kregg's recruiters whether they had every belonged to a labor union. (C) In the plants of some of Kregg's competitors, the workforce consists predominantly of union members. (D) The compan