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1、初中英语知识点总结:虚拟语气虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的状况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不肯定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示。在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列状况:一、条件状语从句1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用should (would, could, might)+动词原形。如:If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你,我会带把伞。(事实上我不行能是你)If I
2、knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done , 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done,例如:If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 假如我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:去
3、晚了)3、与将来事实相反从句:if+主语+were to do 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+did/were 主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+should+do 主语+should/would/could/might+do例如:If he went,would you go too? 假如他去,你也去吗?(也许他不会去)If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 假如他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小)留意与说明:对于与
4、将来事实相反的情形,请留意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来状况的推想;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用should+动词原形(表示可能性微小,常译为万一)或were to+动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句运用should+动词原形这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用should (would, could, might)+动词原形这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告知他。If it should rain tomorrow, don’
5、t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。二、wish 后宾语从句1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 。例如:I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done例如:I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)3、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词:should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形I wish I should havea chance again. 我希
6、望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)常见考法对于虚拟语气的考查,在单项和完形填空中出现的较多,在阅读理解中,也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。我们驾驭了虚拟语气的用法,会帮助我们更好的理解短文。典型例题:Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill, wouldn't beB. had been ill, wouldn't have beenC. had been ill, should have beenD. hadn't been ill, could be解析
7、: 题干的意思是 Mary今日病了,假如她没生病,今日她就会去上学了。因为第一句说,Mary今日病了,所以本题考查的是与现在状况相反的事情,因之,主句用would、should、could+动词原型,从句用一般过去时。答案:A误区提示1、在学习虚拟语气的时候,要对过去、 现在、 将来的虚拟的做出正确的推断。2、肯定要记住,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式,动词be要用were。典型例题:I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell, if it had beenB. must have told, were itC. should have told, had it beenD. should have told, should it be解析:先分开看此题,由于设空处在主句,所以先看主句,因为由主句看不出题目所表达的详细时间,所以再看从句,此从句是由but引导的转折句,所表达的时态是一般过去时,意为我那时很忙,所以,主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情,因之,主句用could、should、would+动词原形,从句用过去完成时。答案:C