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1、Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 1 111/5/202211/5/2022第九讲第五讲 修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(1)大约在1954年,Dantzig和他的同事就发觉了更有效的单纯形法。我们知道,在单纯(扩展)表格中,共有3组元素,分别与矢量组“a1,an”,“b”及“e1em”相对应,假如说前面讲的习惯用的一般单纯形表格法可只接受左边两组的话,那么,修正单纯形法在运
2、算迭代中只应用右边两组,下面就具体阐述该种方法。仍假设:AX=b,X0,CTX=min(1)且A、b、C已知,属非退化情形,计算过程,将始终用到A,B,C这些原始数据,故需保存。每一个阶段仍用单纯形表格迭代,只用右边两组,即m+1列,每个表格与当前基础解集相对应(j1,jm):Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 2 211/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(
3、修正单纯形法(2)t10tm0u11u1mum1ummz0 y1ym(2)其中:ti0给出当前基础解uij给出当前基础阵之逆z0给出当前基础解费用yi给出当前基础阵之联立方程解YTM=(3)Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 3 311/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(3)(5)其中 当前基础解的目标系数。表格的起步可依据两阶段法的第1阶段之
4、初始基础解表格起先,即:ti0=bi,uij=ij,z0=bi,yi=1(4)第1阶段结束后,第2阶段起先的表格需加以修改,唯一修改处是最末一行,这是由于目标函数发生了变更z0和yi计算公式为:Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 4 411/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(4)(6)假如zjcj,则令j=s,并作为支点列。假如zjcj,则去摸
5、索其它非基础列j,假如全部非基础列j的zjcj,则已达到最优解,其最优解值为:下面来阐述表格的迭代过程。在一般单纯形表格法中,每次检验元素zjcj全部算出,然后找寻支点列,而在修正单纯形表格中,不需一次计算全部检验元素,而是逐个计算。设j属非基础集,则:Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 5 511/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(5)(7)
6、其最小费用为z0和最优对偶解为yT。否则,计算zj(按6式),找出zj cj,并令j=s,然后处理如下:首先,计算单纯形表的支点列s:(8)Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 6 611/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(6)假如全部tis0,则最优解不存在,最优目标无限,即,(9)费用若存在tis0,可求出支点行:(10)Operations
7、 Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 7 711/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(7)求出支点行后,就可进行修正单纯形表格的转换,其表格转换元素的计算只需计算后面m+1列,即:新行r=(原行r)/trs(11)新行i(ir)=(原行i)i(原行r)(12)其中:最终,用as取代旧表格Vr中表示的基矢量。Operations Research Operations
8、Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 8 811/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(8)例1-23已知线性规划为:解1)应用阶段1,求出初始基础可行解构成新规划:AX=b,X0,CTX=minOperations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics
9、&Managementpage page 9 911/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(9)令人工变量作为第1个基础可行解之基础变量,其对应的表格为:e1e2be1e251013011811Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 101011/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(10)检验非基础变量a1,a2,a3能否进
10、基,可按任何次序检验。先检验a1:Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 111111/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(11)e1e2a1be1e215104130151811min5/1,13/4=13/4r=2。支点元素为t21,进行变换使(t1)列中:t21=1,t11=0,z1c1=0,得:将(t1)临时放入表格中,以便求出支点行,Ope
11、rations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 121211/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(12)当前表格对应的基础矢量为e1和a1。再次校验非基础矢量,看是否可进入基础矢量,随意选择a3检验。e1a1a1 be1e207/41-1/4113/401/407/41-1/4Operations Research Operations Research Prof
12、.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 131311/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(13)将(t3)加入修正单纯形表格中,并求出支点行r。e1a1a3 be1e23/27/41-1/43/213/401/43/27/41-1/4Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Eco
13、nomics&Managementpage page 141411/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(14)即e1离开基,a3进基,将表格变换得:a3a1a3 be1e217/62/3-1/603/2-11/20000从表中看出,故阶段1结束,得出初始基础可行解为x3=7/6,x1=3/2,x2=0。Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 1515
14、11/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(15)2)现进行阶段2,阶段2的第1个表格可借用阶段1的最终表格,仅仅将最终一行加以修改。此时:A,B,C复原到原问题数值,这时CT=(7,1,1)。其初始表格为:a3a1be1e27/62/3-1/63/2-11/235/3-19/310/3其中,Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 161611/5/2
15、02211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(16)现推断非基矢量a2是否应进入基础解集。Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 171711/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(17)即支点行r=1,a3离开,支点元素t12=1/2。将a2加入表格并转换a2 be1e21/27/62/3-1/61/23/2-11/2335/3-19/3
16、10/3将a2对应的t2列变为t12=1,t22=0,z2c2=0得出新表格为:Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 181811/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(18)目前基础矢量为a2和a1。再检验非基矢量a3:a2 be1e217/34/3-1/301/3-5/32/3014/3-31/313/3a2a1故已得最优解:x2=7/3,x1=
17、1/3y1=-31/3,y2=13/3,且z=14/3Operations Research Operations Research Prof.Wang Prof.Wang School of Economics&ManagementSchool of Economics&Managementpage page 191911/5/202211/5/2022第九讲修正单纯形法(修正单纯形法(19)与此相应的有另一种方法对偶单纯型法,它的迭代原则是:在保证“优化”前提下,找寻原问题可行解,即在保证对偶可行解基础上,逐步找出原规划可行解。这些概念体现在表格上,即使每一步表格的检验行的元素(zjcj)都0,而表格的b列元素可能0。迭代的原则就是逐步将B列元素全变为0的值(求得最优解)或证明无可行解。对偶单纯形的迭代思路与前述单纯形法一样,此处不再赘述,感爱好者,可参阅有关书籍。