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1、从无到有 开始 Begin,start,begin with,spring,start up,set off on,break out,strike up,originate from,;Initiate,launch,originate,sprout;unfold;unleash outset,onset,Rudimentary,elementary,出现 Appear,appear to be,emerge,arise,loom,turn out,show up,com out,come into sight/view,come forth 发生 Happen,occur,take pla
2、ce,come about,Happening occurrence 产生,创造 create,produce,bring about,yield,give birth to,bear,bring into being,generate,beget，germinate;Invent,innovate,renovate,plan,design,imagine,conceive,devise,formulate,imagine,envision,建立 Found,set,built up,construct,institute,constitute,set up,establish 制造,组成 M
3、ake,make up,produce,construct,turn out,manufacture,form,shape,compose,compile,concoct,fabricate 生长壮大 复制,繁殖 58 Copy,duplicate,reproduce,multiply.发育，发展 Grow,develop,breed,bring up,nurture,cultivate,hone,raise,foster,(主动)Develop,advance,progress,move forward,go forward,proceed（自我成长）Burgeon,flourish,thr
4、ive,bloom,blossom,boom,prosper;保持，延续 Continue,last,carry on,keep on,keep,remain maintain retain Perpetuate,Persevere,stick with,insist on,persist in,Continuous,incessant,permanent,constant,steady,unbroken,perpetual,everlasting,eternal,lasting,unending,uninterrupted,undying,immortal,invariable,存在,生存
5、Exist，found,stand,lay in,be rooted in，be embedded in,Substance,matter,object,material,stuff,things,entity,individual,creature,beings,Topic,subject,issue,theme,gist,item,content,point,Extant,existing,in existence,substantive,ubiquitous,omnipresent,universal,survive，outlive，outlast,remain alive，Endure
6、,undergo,从有到无 结束，停止 53 stop，finish,be over,cease,discontinue,wind up,bring to an end(close,halt),end，come to an end,end up,terminate，quench，quell，run out,expire,conclude adjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,Surcease,cessation,impasse,deadlock,logjam,stalemate,Ultimate,final,eventual,Abeyance,susp
7、end,interruption,brake,halt,pause,死亡,毁灭 Perish,annihilate,kill,exterminate,take life,slay,hatchet,slaughter,assassinate,famish,smother,throttle,strangle,stifle,decimate,Die,pass away,perish,expire,run out,decease,death,demise,Defunct,moribund,dying,Fatal,formidable,deadly,fatality.取消,废除 550 Cancel,a
8、nnul,call off,do away with,Abolish,desuetude,disuse,abandon,repeal,revoke,invalidate,rescind,nullify Obsolete,out of date,outmoded,out of fashion,old-fashioned,除去 551 Remove，erase，delete,extinguish,exterminate,eliminate,eradicate,extirpate,efface，clear away,throw away,do away with,wipe out,get rid o
9、f,rule out,Obliterate,expurgate,expunge,purify,purge,破坏 Destroy,damage,wreck,devastate,raze,ravage,knock down,demolish,vandalize,tear down,ruin,spoil,dilapidate,Perdition，detrimental，harmful,injurious,topple down/inclement/伤害 Damage Bruise,mar,maul,do harm to,injure,wound,hurt,impair,harm,hurt,wound
10、,harm,break,fracture,maim,cripple,mangle,mutilate;cut,gash,fracture,break 灾祸 Disaster,catastrophic,calamity,cataclysm,carnage,massacre,holocaust,decimate,wreck,accident,Misfortune,hapless,mishap,逐渐消亡 Rot way,perish,decay,disintegrate,decompose,deteriorate,molder,aggravate,worsen,exacerbate,corrupt,R
11、otten,decayed,corrupt,damaged;decrepit,decrepitude,dilapidate 状态之改变 正面 能力，强，权力 Enable,facilitate,empower,entitle,enhance,Strengthen,reinforce,sustain,countenance,consolidate,Able,be capable of doing,competent,potent,omnipotent,puissant,resourceful Ability,capability,capacity,skill,forte，competence,f
12、aculty Intelligence,aptitude,flair,talent Clever,bright,talented,astute,wisdom,wise,smart,acumen,Hegemony,puissance,resource,power,energy,authority,influence,impact,supremacy,potency,strength,force,vigor;大 Aggrandize,amplify,augment,broaden,widen,extend,enlarge,magnify,enlarge,Exaggerate,overstate,o
13、verstress,overemphasize,多,增加 Enrich,increase,add to,abound,fill,fill up,replenish,stock up,add,put in,raise,Accrue,mount up,augment,accumulate,rise Abundant,plentiful,more than enough,profuse,copious,rich,wealthy,generous,numerous,in great numbers;sufficient,enough,adequate,ample,as much as necessar
14、y,Increment,accretion,growth,augmentation,高 Raise,lift up,improve,enhance,elevate,escalate,heave,heighten,hoist,Rise,increase,ascend,mount,go up,climb scale,jack up,skyrocket,surge,upsurge High,tall,in height,lofty,towering,lanky;Height,stature,elevation,altitude 有助 Help,assist,aid,subsidize,help to
15、,conduce to,contribute to,function to,be of assistance,lend a hand,facilitate,enhance,Helper,aide,assistant,accessory,ancillary,accomplice,auspices,支持 Support,bolster,boost,brace,buttress,espouse,proponent,underpin,embrace,exponent,快 216 Accelerate,hasten,speed up,quicken up,expedite Run,scurry,scut
16、tle,scamper,prance,gallop,sprint,scud,Dart,fleet,rush,Fast,quick,rapid,swift,expeditious,speedy,fleeting,brisk Speed,swiftness,pace,velocity,rapidity,tempo,rate,quickness,promptness,有效,起作用 Effective,efficient,effectual,successful,useful,helpful,functional,applicable,operative,working,active,function
17、ing,in operation,in use,Available,serviceable,Impact,influence,自由，解脱 Release,free,set free,set off,liberate,unshackle,unfetter,emancipate,manumit,disentangle,untangle,extricate,unravel,中性 变 Change,alter,modify,vary,turn,become,adjust,amend,transform,distort,modulate,transmute,shift,transfigure,Fluct
18、uate,move,revolutionize,alternate,shift Diversified,volatile,fickle,mercurial,protean,erratic,eccentric,irregular,inconsistent,Changeable,unsettled,variable,malleable,mutable,Change,alteration,variation,modification,transition,renovation,recondition,mutation;修改 Redress,rectify,revise,emend,renovate,
19、innovate,recondition,负面 弱 Weaken,enervate,vitiate,sap,impair,emaciate,attenuate,dilute Wane,sag,fade,flag,deteriorate,exacerbate,wither,blight,dry up,wilt,sere,sear,shrink,shrivel,Weak,feeble,effete,wan,frail,lacking in strength,impotent,feeble,lethargic Infirmity,weakness,decadence,decadent,减少，降低 L
20、ower,reduce,decrease,drop off,abate,decline,dwarf,dwindle,rarefy,curtail,shorten,abridge,truncate,dock,decline,slump,eclipse,subside,shrink,ebb,Diminish,lessen,debase,dilute,moderate,die down,grow less intense,cut down,ebb,cut back,慢 Decelerate,slow,slow down,retard,hold back,Slow,sluggish,Postpone,
21、put off,delay,defer,procrastinate,adjourn,Dilatory,tardy,slack,sluggish,平息 reconcile,comfort,placate,conciliate,reassure，allay,calm,console,soothe,pacify,assuage,mitigate,palliate,salve,temper,palliation,reconciliation,禁止，限制 Prohibit,proscribe,forbid,ban,restrain,interdict,overrule,veto,stop from Li
22、mit,restrict,confine,blockade,fetter,shackle,circumscribe Prohibited,forbidden,banned,illegal,outlawed,proscribed,taboo;Durance,taboo,控制,抑制 Control,wield,hold,steer,helm,maneuver,manipulate,dominate,regulate,rein in,direct,rule,govern,reign,regiment Curb,bridle,yoke,restrain inhibit smolder,suffocat
23、e，refrain from 阻碍 455 Hinder,hamper,check,stunt,impede,block,obstruct,retard,interrupt,hold back,prevent from,forestall,keep from,deter from,discountenance,lumber,thwart,stem,stymie,frustrate,stump,stem,Entangle,enmesh,ensnare,entrap,Barrier,obstacle,obstruction,impediment,setback,hindrance,hurdle,b
24、lockade,blockage,morass,predicament,plight,straits,quandary,strait,预防 Forestall,proselytize,preclude,prevent,干预 432 Interfere,intervene,intercede,meddle,annoy,vex,nettle,perturb,disturb,discomfit,molest,pester,bother,annoy,harass,intrude,Mediate,Inroad,raid,assail,assault,attack,trespass,infringe,at
25、tack,foray,intrude,encroach,Turbulence,disturbance 得到，付出 付出 给 Give,offer,endow,endue,present,bestow,provide,supply,furnish Impart,instruct,apprise,teach,instill,inculcate,Proffer,confer,donate,contribute,subscribe,bequeath,Issue,flow out,release,支出 Cost,spend,pay,pay out,expend,disburse,Prodigal,pro
26、fligate,splurge,spendthrift,dissipate frugal,scrimp,skimp,abstemious,Expenditure,subvention,归还,偿 439 Return,hand out,restore,reciprocate,remunerate,revert,Compensate,reimburse,indemnify,expiate,atonement,Salary,remuneration,Emolument,honorarium,分配 Distribute,allocate,issue,hand out,apportion,allot,d
27、ispense,ration,allot,assign,designate;Distribution,dispensation ration,allotment 施加 impose,entail,exert,inflict,suppress,subjugate,compress,repress,coerce，使满 Suffice,satiate,satisfy,cater,sate,meet requirement,gratify Suffuse,implant,instill,infuse,fill,impregnate,放弃 Relinquish,give up,disclaim,abdi
28、cate,abjure,waive,renounce,recant,wean,forsake,abdicate,desert,forswear,renounce,repudiate,forgo,disown,disavow,abandon Renunciation,获得 得到 Get,receive,Accept,attain,acquire,obtain,gain,repossess,retrieve,procure,catch,Earn,profit,embezzle,peculate,defalcate,graft,appropriate,Obtainable,accessible,re
29、ceptive,Receiver,recipient,procurement 夺 Deprive,take away,exact,extort,dispossess,bereave,divest,strip,Loot,ravage,ransack,sack,despoil,plunder,rapine,snatch,exploit,distill,Confiscate,impound,sequestrate,forfeit,expropriate Exaction,depredation,spoliation,吸引 Attract,appeal,fascinate,draw,charm,int
30、rigue,enchant,tempt,allure,enchant,enthrall,rivet,fix,spellbind,intoxicate,engross,occupy,captivate,enamor,Attractive,appealing,charming,pleasing,attractiveness,fascination,charisma,personal,magnetism,attraction,fascination,包含 510 Contain,consist of,comprise,cover,encompass,span,contain,encompass,su
31、bsume,consist of,include,involve,embroil,implicate,;Configuration component，需要,Require,call for,need,demand,necessitate,Necessary,required,requisite,essential,Requisite,prerequisite,requirement,precondition,使 使 Cause to be,make,lead to,render,turn into,trigger,activate,cause,要求，请求，Request,ask,entrea
32、t,demand,petition,appeal to Solicit,invoke,plead,implore,beseech,adjure,Dictate,command,mandate,order,instruct,charge,Imperative,essential,compulsory,mandatory,urgent,obligatory,Request,requisition,petition,invocation;促使，劝说，Advise,urge,argue,advocate,persuade,sway,influence,Convince,expostulate,exho
33、rt,hortative 刺激，激发，鼓励 Stimulate,activate,spur,incite,agitate,inspire,arouse,excite,provoke,actuate,incite,foment,stir up,trigger,Kindle,enkindle,ignite encourage,motivate,invigorate,prompt,instigate,Impetuous,impulsive;Drive,motivation,incentive,inducement,impetus 推动，驱动，迫使 Push,drive,propel,force,ob
34、lige,propel,compel goad 威逼利诱 欺骗，伪装 Deceive,dupe,cheat,swindle,hoodwink,Disguise,Duplicity,artifice,chicanery,deception,scheme,subterfuge,duplicity.引诱 Beguile,lure,tempt,allure,entice,tantalize,coax,delude,cozen,beguile,Guile,deceit,cunning,wile,trickery Wily 威吓 Threaten,menace,intimidate,hector,frig
35、hten,bully,Threatening,menacing,Threat,menace 允许,承认 Allow,let,permit,license Allowance,license,permission,consent,sanction,authorization 心理 想要 期望 Expect,look forward to,wait for,look ahead to,suppose,anticipate,await 欲望，欲求 Wish,want,desire,long,yearn,aspire,crave,hanker,covet:Desirous,eager,avid,gre
36、edy,acquisitive,much desired,coveted,ambitious,enterprising;Longing,aspiration,yearning,ambition,avarice,desire for,appetite,desire 意图 Intend,tend to,mean,plan,be inclined to,predispose,resolve,prone to,apt to,disposed to,attempt to,aim to,be set to,have in mind,slant Intentionally,purposely,deliber
37、ately,consciously,Intention,motive,tendency,trend,proclivity,inclination,acclivity declivity,Liable,inclined to,willingly,likely 不愿意 Waver,hesitate,oscillate,vacillate,boggle,pause,falter,reluctant,unwilling，irresolute,indecisive,undetermined,uncertain,undecided,unsure,Reluctantly,unwillingly Reluct
38、ance,unwillingness 认知 感觉，察觉 Sense,feel,savor,be conscious of,be aware of,regain consciousness,perceive,Cognize,regard,Detect,identify,notice,recognize,observe,Heed,pay/give heed to,take heed/notice of,notice,pay/give attention to Conscious,aware capable of feeling,sentient,percipient,cognizant,Consc
39、iousness,awareness,feeling,sense,sensation,Attention,heed,notice 思考 Think,consider,ponder,speculate,contemplate,reflect,muse,ponder,contemplate,muse,meditate,ruminate,chew,deliberate,take into account,take into consideration,cross ones mind,flash across ones mind,pass through ones mind,occur to sb t
40、houghtful,meditative,pensive thought,consideration,reflection,contemplation 理解 know,understand,realize,appreciate,grasp,apprehend,figure out,be informed about,read,make out,go ones idea across,decipher,decode,recognize,comprehend,be acquainted with,be familiar with,忽视，忘记,没感觉 Forget,not remember,negl
41、ect,ignore,overlook,disregard,pay no attention to,take no notice of Condone,excuse,and forgive,pardon,absolve,exonerate,extenuate,Oblivious,remiss,delinquent,negligent,Neglectful,forgetful Oblivion,remission,omission.Amnesia,amnesty,inattention,oversight Ignorant,unknown,unconscious,unaware,insensit
42、ive,unresponsive 清楚 clarify,elucidate,shed light on,illuminate,make clear explicit,overt,precise,unambiguous,plain,clear,unequivocal,clarity,clearness,lucidity,transparency,simplicity,precision.迷惑 Confuse,puzzle,muddle,bewilder,perplex,baffle,nonplus,flummox,disconcert,confound,mix up,fluster,obscur
43、e,obfuscate,perplex Quandary,dilemma,plight,predicament,态度 正面 赞成,同意 Approve,endorse,grant,confirm,ratify,agree with,consent,endorse,approbate,assent,approve,accord,agree,accede,resonate,Unanimous,in full accord,Approval,agreement,concurrence,unanimity,approbation.Uniformity,consistency,endorsement,c
44、onfirmation,ratification,sanction,allow,permit,let,consent to 肯定，相信 Certain,sure,ascertain,positive,confident,convinced,assured,Inevitable,certainly,surely,positively,definitely,confidently,assuredly,inevitably,undoubtedly,unquestionably,unequivocally Believe,trust,entrust,have faith in,fidelity,loy
45、alty,faith,affidavit,conviction,喜欢，赞美 Love,be fond of,like,favor,worship,adore,Laud,praise,commend,extol,exalt,exult,eulogize,honor,pay tribute to,hymn,paean,carol,psalm,encomium,不喜欢，Loath,hate,dislike,abhor,repulse,repel,abominate,detest,Heinous,odious,hateful,repellent,repulsive,repugnant obnoxiou
46、s,Aversion,odium,aversion,revulsion,abhorrence,不同意，反对 Disagree,dissent,reject,and disallow discord,Contradict,gainsay,say the opposite to,oppose,counter,be in opposition to,go up against,defy,controvert,impugn,Inconsistent,contradictory,in disagreement,at odds Disharmony,dissonance Opposing,dissenti
47、ng,opposite,contradictory,override contrariwise,oppositely;Dispute,argue,反驳 Refute,rebut,retort,deny,confute,contest,disprove 羞辱，贬义 Embarrass,humiliate,disgrace,dishonor,mortify,demean,discomfit,degrade,undermine Embarrassed,ashamed,unembarrassed,unabashed Humiliation,chagrin 忧虑 Worry about,fret ove
48、r,feel anxious,uneasy about,be concerned about,fret,agony,Anxious,uneasy;Anxiety,concern,uneasiness,disquietedness,nervousness 疑问,不相信 Doubt,query,question,inquiry,Discredit,distrust,disbelieve,mistrust,suspect,be suspicious of,have doubts about Doubtful,misgiving,skeptical,dubious,incredulous,;Doubt
49、,incertitude,questioning,skepticism,implausibility,incredibility 批评，谴责 Criticize,censure,condemn,denounce,attack,rail,rebuke,blame,reprove,reprimand,reproach;diatribe,reproof,reprimand 分久必合，合久必分 合，和 同,等,似 Accord,match,equal,like,resemble,approximate,Same,unified,matching,much the same,be similar to,
50、akin to,the same as,equivalent,identical parallel Equivalent,congruity,concord,parallel,similarity,parallelism,tantamount,tally,Resemble,bear a resemblance to,be like,look like,simulate,take after,imitate,mimic,copy,emulate,比较 Compare,contrast,weigh against,judge against,balance,parallel Comparative