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1、时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用 in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用 on，上午下午又是 in。 要说某日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用 at，黎明用它也不错。 at 也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上 to， 说“过”只可使用 past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。 1at 表示时间概念的某一个点。（在某时刻、时间、阶段等）。 at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一点钟（黎明、午夜、中午） these are our chief tasks at the present stage这些就是我们现
2、阶 段的主要任务。 2on 1）表示具体日期。 they arrived in shanghai on may 25他们在五月二十五日到达上海。 注：（1）关于“在周末“的几种表示法： at（on）the weekend在周末-特指 at（on）weekends在周末-泛指 over the weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间 （2）在圣诞节，应说“at Christmas而不说“on Christmas 2）在（刚）的时候。 on reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母 打了一个电话。 3i
3、n 1）表示“时段“、“时期“，在多数情况下可以和 dur- ing 互换，前者强调 对比，后者强调持续。 in（during）1988（December，the 20th century）在 一九八八年（十二月、二十世纪） i returned to Beijing in the middle of June我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示“在某项活动的期间“，则只能用 during。 during my military service（the trip）在我服役期间（在旅行期间）2）表示以说话时间为基点的“（若干时间）以后“，常用作将来时态谓语的 时间状语。如这时要表示“（若干时间）内“
4、，常用 within。比较： the meeting will end in 30minutes（三十分钟后）会议三十分钟后 结束。 can you finish it within 30minutes？（三十分钟内）你能在三十分 钟之内完成这件事吗？ 但在过去时态中，in 可用于表“在若干时间以内“，这时不要误用 during。 the job was done during a week（wrong） the job was done in a week（right）这工作在一星期内就完成了。 4after 表示“在（某具体时间）以后“，注意不要和 in 的 2）意混淆。 after su
5、pper（8oclock，the war）晚饭（八点、战）后 比较：he will be back in two hours他将在两个小时以后回来。 he returned tohis hometown after the war战后他回到了故乡。 5for 表示“（动作延续）若干时间“，有时可省略。 i stayed in london（for）two days on my way to new york在去纽约的途中，我在伦敦 呆了两天。 6since 表示“自（某具体时间）以来“，常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980 年）以来 th
6、ey have been close friends since childhood他们从小就是好朋友。 注： （1）since the war 是指“自从战争结束以来“，若指“自从战争开始以来 “，须说“since the beginning of the war“。 （2）不要将 since 与 after 混淆。 比较：he has worked here since 1965（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从 1965 年以来，他一直在这儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965（指一点时间，强调时间点）从 1965 年 以后，他开始在这儿工作。 7by 表
7、示“到的时候“，其谓语时态的用法：动作动词常用完成时态； 状态动词（be）常用一般时态。 比较： by noon，everybody had（will have）arrived there by noon，everybody were（will be）there 到中午的时候，大家都（将）到那 儿了。 以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比较，上述介词除表示时间概 念外还有其他的用法，英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法，才能灵活运用，提高 自己的语言能力。 小学英语语法复习要点（一）一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed
8、-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush- brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-ch
9、ildren foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、一般现在时 一般现
10、在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天 六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加“
11、-s“或“-es“。如： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如：H
12、e doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2
13、以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner
14、at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I
15、_(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday t
16、o Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _ 3. She
17、 likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定
18、回答) _ _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段
19、时间内的活 动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，
20、再加 ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classro
21、om . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper
22、 now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换： 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和 否定回答) _ _ 3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _ 四、将来时理论及练习 一、概念：表示将要发生
23、的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句 中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在 be 动词（am, is, are）l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑
24、问句： be 或 will 提到句首，some 改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二 人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a
25、race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic wi
26、th my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What ti
27、me _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at
28、 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. M
29、y brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) inse
30、cts. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now.五、一般过去时 1一
31、般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时 间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。（was not=wasnt） are 在一般过去时中变为 were。（were not=werent） 带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定 句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go
32、home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字 母，再加-ed，如：sto
33、p-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be 动词的过去时练习（1） 一、 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students
34、 two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the s
35、tudents were very excited.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. They were in his pocket.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ Be 动词的过去时练习（2） 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years ol
36、d this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、
37、中译英 1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 _ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 _ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 _ 行为动词的过去时练习（1） 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _