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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上新题型05 概要写作 选材特点 （1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内； （2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； （3）上下文的连贯性； （4）对各要点表达的正确性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2. 考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中
2、心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 3.写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。 2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全
3、文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些
4、同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。If you havent seen alpaca meat (羊驼肉) on the menu yet, chances are you soon will. It is rising in popularity; about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes. Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso, whose
5、 head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish. Alejandro Saravia, a Peruvian cook at Pastuso, described the taste as similar to beef. Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public, he said in the video.Famous cook Matt
6、 Moran, who owns some of Sydneys leading restaurants, wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat. Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm, and described the flavour as very tasty, especially the meat from the neck. Alpaca
7、meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat, a number which has grown quickly since.Melbourne restaurant San Telmos head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish, and said the response was
8、mixed. It was 50/50： some people said oh wow what are you cooking that for? No thank you and others thought this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try. The people who tried it loved it. Its a point of difference and people like that.In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly fo
9、r their fur, but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry. Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(胆固醇); it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them. Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions
10、for longer than most other animals, and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem._文章大意Paragraph 1：如果你还没有在菜单上看到过羊驼肉，那么你很快就会看到了。羊驼肉正越来越流行。Paragraph 2：厨师Matt Moran称直到他参观了一个羊驼牧场他才尝试了羊驼肉，并表示它的味道美极了。羊驼肉美妙的味道使其逐渐被列入节日活动及餐厅的菜单中。Paragraph 3：一半的人喜欢羊驼肉的美味，而另一半的人还不愿意尝试。Paragraph 4：在澳大利亚，人们饲
11、养羊驼主要是为了它的皮毛，而将羊驼作为肉食动物饲养的这个产业正在发展，因为羊驼肉富含饱和脂肪和胆固醇含量比较低的蛋白质，且饲养羊驼也比较环保。【范文】You may soon enjoy alpaca meat because it is becoming popular. (要点1) More and more restaurants are serving it for its delicious taste, which is thought highly of by cooks. (要点2) About half people wanting to try it like its ta
12、ste while others even refuse to try it. (要点3) Alpaca meat is rich in health-beneficial protein and raising alpacas does little harm to the environment and ecosystem, which leads to the development of the industry of feeding alpacas for meat.(要点4) 概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课
13、文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意以下几点： （1）积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。 （2） 进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点
14、和框架。如：记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how 议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)新闻： a focus on the
15、 first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope. Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at Kings College London presented the results of their population-bas
16、ed study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.Researchers involved about 1,300 three-month-old babies from across the UK in this study. They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) in the water, which is a measure of water hardness. The level of chlorine(氯) in the fam
17、ilys water supply was also taken into consideration, as was the use of bathing products, and how regularly the babies were bathed. The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹). The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies were screened for the FLG gene which
18、is associated with an affected skin barrier.The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age. Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood. Its not yet
19、 clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier, or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness, such as the waters pH, may be responsible, Dr. Carsten Flohr said.And the study, thankfully, doesnt end there. Dr. Flohr will be examining these re
20、sults further, with a new study in the works. This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies. If a device is introduced into a household when a baby i
21、s born, will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering, this could be the news you have hoped for._文章大意 【范文】New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.(要点1) To draw the conclusion, researchers examined about 1
22、,300 3-month-old infants, taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration. (要点2) They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%, but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear. (要点3) Dr. Flohr will further examin
23、e whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies skin or protects them from eczema. (要点4)2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Many people are fond of listening to music. Whether its light music or jazz music, it can improve our moods. Music has been with us since very early times in human
24、history. Have you ever wondered how music might affect our health?Research shows that having musical training and listening to or playing music at an old age can help keep the brain healthy. Since listening to music is like exercising the brain, one can expect the benefits of better memory and menta
25、l sharpness as he or she ages.Music can make you feel happy, excited or even pumped up. Listening to music that hits you in a special way causes your brain to release dopamine, which is known as a feel-good chemical. It causes us to feel happy and excited. Listening to music provides us with the sam
26、e burst of happiness that we would get from eating a piece of chocolate.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease. A study found that heart disease patients who listened to music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower heart
27、 rates and less sadness than those who didnt. Researchers from Drexel University found that cancer patients who either listened to music or worked with a music therapist had better blood pressure levels and improved moods.Music can reduce levels of the stress hormone, which weakens the immune(免疫) sy
28、stem, increasing risk of heart disease, affecting learning and memory, lowering bone density (密度) and blood pressure, etc. Research found that by listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting music, the levels of antibodies in the human body increase.Research has found that listening to music promotes b
29、etter sleep patterns for people and even creates more restful sleep. In some cases, music might even be able to be used to effectively treat sleeplessness. Music can have positive effects on the soul and quality of life as well._文章大意 【范文】Music has been part of our lives since ancient times and it be
30、nefits our health. (要点1) Music can keep the aging brain healthy and make us happy or cheer us up. (要点2) As for its medical benefits, music is good for patients with heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer and can boost our immune system. (要点3) Besides, music can help us sleep well and positivel
31、y affect our soul and life quality. (要点4)3阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。The World Rice Conference has voted Cambodian rice the best rice in the world. Cambodia produced just one percent of the worlds rice. It is trying to increase that amount, and the award may help.The countrys rice industry is small a
32、nd not well-organized. As a result, large amounts of unprocessed rice are sent to Thailand and Vietnam where it is sold for a higher price. But rice means a lot to Cambodias economy. Many Cambodians survive in part by growing rice on small pieces of land.Sok Puthyvuth is the president of Cambodia Ri
33、ce Federation. We need better seeds, we need a better collection process, we need better storage, we need better logistics(物流), and also our export needs to brand Cambodian rice to be one of the top brands in the world. Keat Chhon is Cambodias former deputy prime minister. He says increasing rice ex
34、port will improve the lives of many of the countrys farmers. He says the purpose of the rice policy is to reduce poverty and help people in rural areas earn more. This is highly beneficial to making the development gap between rural and urban areas in Cambodia smaller.But exporter David Van says the
35、 countrys rice industry continues to suffer from the same problems it has had for many years. He says these include the high cost of electricity and a lack of good seeds. And he says the countrys rice industry needs to change the way it markets its product to show it is different from what other cou
36、ntries offer. You need to differentiate your product from that of your competitor next door. Otherwise, your product will continue being compared automatically to what the next-door competitor is offering. Cambodia faces other problems as well. Countries like Myanmar also want to increase their rice
37、 export. And, Thailand has extra rice, which is forcing down prices._文章大意种程度上靠种大米为生。Paragraph 3：为了解决大米产业面临的问题、提高柬埔寨大多数农民的生活,柬埔寨需要更好的种子、收割工序、储藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及竞争力。Paragraph 4：柬埔寨的大米产业还遭受着一些问题，如电力成本高、缺少良种，它也应该改变大米的营销方式，以使其鹤立鸡群。【范文】Cambodian rice was voted the worlds best.(要点1) Rice is very important to
38、Cambodias economy because many Cambodians live partly by growing rice, but its rice industry isnt well developed. (要点2) So Cambodia needs improvement in many aspects, such as seeds and the collection process, and should increase its rice export to benefit its farmers. (要点3) Considering the problems
39、its rice industry faces, it also should change the way of advertising and presenting its rice to show it is unique. (要点4)4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Have you ever really thought about the effects television has on your children? 98% of families in the US have at least one TV, according to TV-Free Ame
40、rica, and the TV is on an average of seven hours and 12 minutes a day. On average, a child aged 2-11 watches TV for 1,197 minutes a week! It is pretty surprising to see that the same age group of children only spend 38.5 minutes a week on a meaningful conversation with their parents.As children star
41、t watching TV at a younger age, their behavior and relationships with their family can be affected more drastically. When a group of 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to choose between watching television and spending time with their fathers, 54% preferred TV. But what if you dont let your small children
42、 watch TV? You may not. But if your toddler (学步的小孩) goes to daycare, you may not know, 70% of daycare centers use the TV during a typical day. Shouldnt they be playing with each other and learning, not doing something they can do at home?Parents do not have to feel completely helpless. As of 2000, a
43、ll TVs now have a chip that helps monitor and even block certain shows, with a parental control. All TVs have chips so if you feel TV is not as wonderful as it seemed before, just think you have at least a little power over what your kids watch.But what is even more shocking is how much violence is shown on television. Some kids do enjoy that but most dont. The percentage of children surveyed who said they felt upset by or scared of violence on TV is 91%! I think that shows containing violence or scary scenes should be broadcast at a later