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1、Describing Causes and Effects A great deal of academic work involves understanding and suggesting solutions to problems.At postgraduate level,particularly in applied fields,students search out problems to study.In fact,one could say that problems are the food for a significant proportion of academic
2、 activity.However,solutions cannot be suggested unless the problem is fully analysed,and this involves a thorough understanding of the causes.Some of the language that you may find useful for explaining causes and effects is listed below:Verbs expressing causality Lack of protein may cause can lead
3、to can result in mental retardation.Low levels of chlorine in the body can give rise to high blood presssure.Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.Kwashiorkor is a disease Beri-beri is a disease Scurvy is a disease caused by resulting from stemming from insufficient prot
4、ein.vitamin deficiency.lack of vitamin C.Nouns expressing causality The most likely causes of X are poor diet and lack of exercise.A consequence of vitamin A deficiency is blindness.Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining fitness.Many other medications have an influence on cholestero
5、l levels.Another reason why Xs are considered to be important is that.Prepositional phrases expressing causality 200,000 people per year become deaf owing to because of as a result of a lack of iodine.Sentence connectors expressing causality If undernourished and retarded children do survive to beco
6、me adults,they have decreased learning ability.Therefore,Consequently,Because of this,As a result(of this),when they grow up,it will probably be difficult for them to find work.Adverbial phrases expressing causality Malnutrition leads to illness and a reduced ability to work in adulthood,thus/thereb
7、y perpetuating the poverty cycle.The warm air rises above the surface of the sea,thus/thereby creating an area of low pressure.Other examples As a consequence of X,it appears that winds alone are not the causative factor of.Due to X and Y inflowing surface water becomes more dense as it.X and Y are
8、important driving factors of Z.The mixing of X and Y exerts a powerful effect upon Z through.Possible cause and effect relationships(expressed tentatively)This suggests a weak link may exist between X and Y.The human papilloma virus is linked to most cervical cancer.Stomach cancer in many cases may be associated with certain bacterial infections.A high consumption of seafood could be associated with infertility.There is some evidence that X may affect Y.