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1、外文原文 Single chip microcomputer and the development of the temperature and humidity sensor Born in the 1970 s single chip microcomputer,and experience the SCM,MCU,SOC three phases.(1)SCM namely Single Chip computer stage,main is to seek out the monolithic forms of the embedded system best system stru
2、cture.Innovation mode success,laid the SCM and general computer completely different development road.(2)MCU namely Micro Controller(Micro Controller Unit)stage,the main technological development direction is:expanding meet embedded application,the object system requirements of various peripheral ci
3、rcuit and interface circuit,dash forward show its object the intelligent control ability.(3)MCU is embedded system independent development way,to a key factor to the development of MCU stage,is to seek application system on a chip in the maximization of the solution;Therefore,special MCU development
4、 natural form the SOC tendency.With microelectronics technology,IC design,EDA tools development,based on the single chip microcomputer application system SOC design can have larger development.Temperature is a basic physical quantities,everything in nature is closely related with the process of temp
5、erature.The temperature sensor is the earliest development,the most widely used kind of sensor.From 17 th century people began to use temperature measuring.The temperature sensor there are four main types:thermocouple,thermal resistance,resistance temperature detector(RTD)and temperature sensor IC.I
6、C temperature sensor and including analog output and digital output two types.Contact temperature sensor detection part and the tested object has a good contact,and calls the thermometer.The thermometer through the transmission or convection reach thermal equilibrium,thus make the thermometer and va
7、lue can be measured directly says the temperature of the objects.General measurement precision.In a certain temperature range,the thermometer can also be measuring objects of internal temperature distribution.But for sports body,small target or heat capacity is very small objects will produce larger
8、 measurement error,commonly used a thermometer have two-metal thermometer,glass liquid thermometer,pressure type thermometer,resistance thermometers,thermistors and temperature difference electric dipole,etc.Contactless temperature sensor sensitive components and tested object each other is not cont
9、act,again say non-contact highlighted.it table.This instrument can be used to measure movement object,small goals and heat capacity small or temperature change quickly(transient)the surface temperature of the object,also can used for the measurement of the temperature distribution.1.AT89S52 devices
10、profile The main performance:and MCS-51 SCM products compatible,and 8 K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory,1000 time period,and the static integration.it operation:0 Hz 33 Hz,level 3 encryption program memory,32 programmable I/O mouth line,three 16 timer/counters,eight interrupt source,fu
11、ll-duplex UART serial channel,low power dissipation power lost mode,and free after power off interrupt can wake up,the watchdog timer,double data pointer,off the identifier.Functional characteristics description:AT89S52 devices is a low power,high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontrollers,with 8 K in
12、system programmable Flash memory.Atmel company use high-density nonvolatile technology manufacturing,and industry 80 C51 product instructions and pin fully compatible.Chip Flash allow program memory in the system programmable,also suitable for conventional programming console.In a single chip,with c
13、lever 8 bits CPU and in the system programmable Flash,make AT89S52 devices for many embedded control system to provide high flexible application,super efficient solution.AT89S52 devices has the following standard function:8 k bytes Flash,256 bytes RAM,32 bit I/O mouth line,the watchdog timer,two dat
14、a pointer,three 16 timer/counter,a 6 vector level 2 interrupt structure,full-duplex serial mouth,within crystals of timely clock circuit.In addition,AT89S52 devices can be down to 0 Hz series static logic operation,support two software can choose power saving mode.Idle mode,the CPU to stop working,a
15、nd allow RAM,timer/counter,serial ports,interrupt continue to work for.Power lost protection ways,a RAM content being saved,has been frozen,SCM all work stop,until the next an interrupt or hardware reset so far.2.Integrated temperature sensorAD590 Integrated temperature sensor AD590 to,its temperatu
16、re resolution for the 0.3 degrees Celsius.The analog signal is output AD590 to,when the temperature of 0 degrees,output current 273.2 microamps,and current variation and temperature variation in a linear relationship,temperature,and once every change,the output current change 1 microamps,the tempera
17、ture sensor of working temperature range is-30 degrees-150 degrees.If use AD590 to make the temperature sensor,sensor peripheral circuit is simple,just put sampling resistance and AD590 to link and then to amplify the signal,and then using voltage comparator compared to output voltage,voltage compar
18、ator output signals can be directly as PLC the input signal.3.Humidity sensor There are many ways of measuring the air humidity,its principle is based on certain material from the surrounding air absorb water caused by physical or chemical properties of the change,indirectly from the material of wat
19、er quantity and the surrounding air humidity.Capacitive and resistive and wet go up wet type according to its original susceptibility were macromolecule material moisture absorption after the dielectric constant and resistivity and volume change and humidity measurement Solution a:the HOS-201 wet se
20、nsors.HOS-201 wet sensor for high humidity sensor switches,its the job of the voltage of ac 1 V the following,frequency for frequency 50 HZ 1 KHZ,humidity measurement range of 0 100%RH,working temperature range is 0 50,impedance in 75%RH(25)for 1 M.The sensor is used to switch the sensor,not on the
21、wideband range detection humidity,therefore,mainly for the judgment or under more than e.humidity level.However,the sensor to a certain range,have a good use of the linear,and can be effectively using the linear characteristics.Scheme ii:the HS1100/HS1101 humidity sensor.HS1100/HS1101 capacitance se
22、nsor,in a circuit of equivalent to a capacitor,it has the capacity as the air humidity increases while.Do not need to complete interchangeability of calibration,high reliability and long-term stability,fast response time,patent design of solid polymer structure,the top contact(HS1100)and lateral con
23、tact(HS1101)two kinds of packaging products,apply to linear output voltage and frequency output two circuit,is suitable for making automatic assembly line of the plugin and automatic assembly process,etc.Relative humidity at 1%-100%RH range;The capacity to change by 16 pF 200 pF,the error is not mor
24、e than plus or minus 2%RH;Response time less than 5 S;The temperature coefficient is 0.04 pF/.Visible is higher accuracy.A comprehensive comparison of scheme and scheme ii,plan one although meet the precision and the requirements of the measure humidity range,but its limited to certain scope,have a
25、good use of the linear,and can be effectively using the linear characteristics.And still do not have in this design system of temperature-30 to 50 request,so we chose this design as the second scheme humidity sensor.4.MC14433 A/D converter MC14433 is three and A half double integral type of the A/D
26、converter,with high precision,good anti-jamming performance advantages,its shortcoming is conversion rate low,about 1-10 times/SEC.Without the requirement of high speed switching occasions,for example,in low speed data acquisition system,is widely used.MC14433A a/D converter and domestic product 5 G
27、14433 are all the same,can be interchanged.5.The research significance The collection of temperature and humidity monitoring in daily life has a wide range of USES,the temperature and humidity monitor based on this and design,the biggest advantage is that it can display the current temperature and h
28、umidity measurement,and the current temperature and preset temperature carries on the comparison,more than when the current temperature and humidity preset temperature alarm,realize the historical data monitoring,collection and analysis purposes.The temperature and humidity monitoring alarm low powe
29、r consumption,can use the minimal resource for different temperature for high precision measurement,reliable performance,convenient operation information,complex work through software programming to complete,easy to get results,in actual use for the ideal effect.This design has realized to the real-
30、time control of the temperature,flexible control precision and reliability,high,can meet the product preliminary test the requirements of the aging.In the processing of constant temperature and heating temperature,formed a complete set of control plan,can transplantation for constant temperature,hea
31、ting the house and equipment many aspects.Therefore,this design research results and the design idea can be good in other design transplantation,did it and the actual good union,with strong practical significance.译文 单片机及温湿度传感器的发展 单片机诞生于 20 世纪 70 年代末，经历了SCM、MCU、SOC 三大阶段。（1）SCM 即单片微型计算机（Single Chip Mi
32、crocomputer）阶段，主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。“创新模式”获得成功，奠定了SCM 与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。（2）MCU 即微控制器（Micro Controller Unit）阶段，主要的技术发展方向是：不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时，对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路，突显其对象的智能化控制能力。（3）单片机是嵌入式系统的独立发展之路，向 MCU 阶段发展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决；因此，专用单片机的发展自然形成了SOC 化趋势。随着微电子技术、IC 设计、EDA 工具的发展，基于 SOC 的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。温度是
33、一个基本的物理量，自然界中的一切过程无不与温度密切相关。温度传感器是最早开发，应用最广的一类传感器。从 17 世纪初人们开始利用温度进行测量。温度传感器有四种主要类型：热电偶、热敏电阻、电阻温度检测器(RTD)和 IC 温度传感器。IC 温度传感器又包括模拟输出和数字输出两种类型。接触式温度传感器的检测部分与被测对象有良好的接触，又称温度计。温度计通过传导或对流达到热平衡，从而使温度计的示值能直接表示被测对象的温度。一般测量精度较高。在一定的测温范围内，温度计也可测量物体内部的温度分布。但对于运动体、小目标或热容量很小的对象则会产生较大的测量误差，常用的温度计有双金属温度计、玻璃液体温度计、压
34、力式温度计、电阻温度计、热敏电阻和温差电偶等。非接触式温度传感器的敏感元件与被测对象互不接触，又称非接触式测温仪表。这种仪表可用来测量运动物体、小目标和热容量小或温度变化迅速（瞬变）对象的表面温度，也可用于测量温度场的温度分布。1.AT89S52 简介 主要性能:与MCS-51单片机产品兼容、8K字节在系统可编程Flash存储器、1000次擦写周期、全静态操作：0Hz33Hz、三级加密程序存储器、32个可编程I/O口线、三个16位定时器/计数器、八个中断源、全双工UART串行通道、低功耗空闲和掉电模式、掉电后中断可唤醒、看门狗定时器、双数据指针、掉电标识符。功能特性描述:AT89S52是一种低
35、功耗、高性能 CMOS 8位微控制器，具有8K在系统可编程Flash存储器。使用Atmel公司高密度非 易失性存储器技术制造，与工业80C51 产品指令和引脚完全兼容。片上Flash允许程序存储器在系统可编程，亦适于常规编程器。在单芯片上，拥有灵巧的8 位CPU 和在系统 可编程Flash，使得AT89S52为众多嵌入式控制应用系统提供高灵活、超有效的解决方案。AT89S52具有以下标准功能：8k字节Flash，256字节RAM，32 位I/O 口线，看门狗定时器，2 个数据指针，三个16 位 定时器/计数器，一个6向量2级中断结构，全双工串行口，片内晶振及时钟电路。另外，AT89S52可降至
36、0Hz 静态逻 辑操作，支持2种软件可选择节电模式。空闲模式下，CPU 停止工作，允许RAM、定时器/计数器、串口、中断继续工 作。掉电保护方式下，RAM内容被保存，振荡器被冻结，单片机一切工作停止，直到下一个中断或硬件复位为止。2.集成温度传感器AD590 集成温度传感器AD590,其温度分辨率为0.3摄氏度。AD590输出的是模拟信号，当温度为0度时，输出电流273.2微安，并且电流变化量与温度变化量呈线性关系，温度每变化一度，输出电流变化1微安，该温度传感器的工作温度范围是-30度150度。如采用AD590作温度传感器，传感器外围电路比较简单，只需将采样电阻与AD590连接，然后对信号进
37、行放大，再采用电压比较器对输出电压进行比较，电压比较器输出信号可直接作为PLC的输入信号。3.湿度传感器 测量空气湿度的方式很多，其原理是根据某种物质从其周围的空气吸收水分后引起的物理或化学性质的变化，间接地获得该物质的吸水量及周围空气的湿度。电容式、电阻式和湿涨式湿敏原件分别是根据其高分子材料吸湿后的介电常数、电阻率和体积随之发生变化而进行湿度测量的 方案一：采用 HOS-201湿敏传感器。HOS-201湿敏传感器为高湿度开关传感器，它的工作电压为交流1V 以下，频率为 50HZ1KHZ，测量湿度范围为 0100%RH，工作温度范围为 050，阻抗在 75%RH（25）时为 1M。这种传感器
38、原是用于开关的传感器，不能在宽频带范围内检测湿度，因此，主要用于判断规定值以上或以下的湿度电平。然而，这种传感器只限于一定范围内使用时具有良好的线性，可有效地利用其线性特性。方案二：采用 HS1100/HS1101 湿度传感器。HS1100/HS1101 电容传感器，在电路构成中等效于一个电容器件，其电容量随着所测空气湿度的增大而增大。不需校准的完全互换性，高可靠性和长期稳定性，快速响应时间，专利设计的固态聚合物结构，由顶端接触（HS1100）和侧面接触（HS1101）两种封装产品，适用于线性电压输出和频率输出两种电路，适宜于制造流水线上的自动插件和自动装配过程等。相对湿度在 1%-100%R
39、H 范围内；电容量由 16pF 变到 200pF，其误差不大于2%RH；响应时间小于 5S；温度系数为 0.04 pF/。可见精度是较高的。综合比较方案一与方案二，方案一虽然满足精度及测量湿度范围的要求，但其只限于一定范围内使用时具有良好的线性，可有效地利用其线性特性。而且还不具备在本设计系统中对温度-3050的要求，因此，我们选择方案二来作为本设计的湿度传感器。4.MC14433 A/D转换器 MC14433 是三位半双积分型的 A/D转换器，具有精度高，抗干扰性能好的优点，其缺点是转换速率低，约 110 次/秒。在不要求高速转换的场合，例如，在低速数据采集系统中，被广泛采用。MC14433
40、A/D 转换器与国内产品 5G14433完全相同，可以互换。5.研究意义 温湿度的采集监测在日常生活中有着广泛的用途,此次的温湿度监测器基于此而设计,它的最大的优点在于可以测量显示当前温湿度，并将当前温度与预置温度进行比较，当当前温湿度超过预置温度时发出报警,实现对历史数据进行监测、整理和分析的目的。该温湿度监测报警器功耗低,能利用最少的资源对不同温度进行高精度的测量,信息性能可靠、操作便利,复杂的工作通过软件编程来完成,可以方便的获取结果,在实际的使用中获得了理想的效果。该设计实现了对箱体温度的实时控制，控制灵活、可靠、精度高，可满足产品初步老化测试的各项要求。在温度加热恒温的处理上，形成了一套完整的控制方案，可以移植应用于设备恒温、屋内暖气等许多方面。因此，该设计的研究成果及设计理念能够很好的在别的设计中移植，做到了与实际的较好结合，具有较强的现实意义。