《高考英语三轮复习03-阅读理解专练说明文8篇.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语三轮复习03-阅读理解专练说明文8篇.pdf（29页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 阅读理解专练 说明文 8 篇 Passage 1(2017 北京,C)Measles(麻疹),which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback,caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinf
2、ormation that is spreading quickly.Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high,as they still are in the nation as a whole
3、,everyone is protected.This is called“herd immunity”,which protects the people who get hurt easily,including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons,babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in
4、.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County,California,where 22 measles cases were reported this month,to Brooklyn,N.Y.,where a 17-year-old c
5、aused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades,and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required
6、 vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免),sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now,several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit
7、exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions?Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide,but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a smal
8、l number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D.information about measles spreads quickly 2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowed B.several vaccines are used together C.t
9、he whole neighborhood is involved in D.new regulations are added to the state laws 3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.T
10、o introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 2(2017 天津,A)Suppose youre in a rush,feeling tired,not paying attention to your screen,and you send an email that could get you in
11、 trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked“send”.You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents,and how to recover.Clicking“send”too soon Dont waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet.Write another email a
12、s swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice,the better.Respond quickly and briefly,apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured:don t handle it too light
13、ly,as people can be offended,especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking“reply all”unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner,or what hol
14、iday youd like to take.In this instance,the best solution is to send a quick,light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.But it can quickly rise to something worse,when everyone starts hitting“reply all”to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.In this instance,step away from your keyboard
15、 to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.You write an unkind message about someone,intending to send it to a friend,but accidentally send it to the person you re discussing.In that case,ask to speak in pe
16、rson as soon as possible and say sorry.Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident,you are likely to feel .A.curious B.tired C.awful D.funny 2.If you have written the wrong name i
17、n an email,it is best to .A.apologise in a serious manner B.tell the receiver to ignore the error C.learn to write the name correctly D.send a short notice to everyone 3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your“reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further
18、 involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receivers friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the
19、 receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.Passage 3(2017 天津,D)I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.But where are we doing all of this waiting,and what do
20、es it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue,lets take a look at three types of“waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait.It is without doubt the most annoying of all.Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example.There is absolutely nothing you can d
21、o while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until its full.During these waits,the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-
22、Pot Wait is the Forced Wait.This one requires a bit of discipline.Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait.Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil,add mix,simmer three minutes,remove from heat,let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actu
23、ally followed the procedures strictly.After all,Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait.This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary.Unlike the Forced Wait,which is also voluntary,waiting for your lucky break does n
24、ot necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning ones life into a waiting game requires faith and hope,and is strictly for the optimists among us.On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes,but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it.As long
25、 as one doesnt come to rely on it,wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.The next time youre standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of
26、 the sky,dont be desperate.Youre probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait,we tend to .A.keep ourselves busy B.get absent-minded C.grow anxious D.stay focused 2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-c
27、ontrol.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B.It doesnt always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Fo
28、rced Wait.D.It doesnt give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Dont rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Dont lose heart.5.The author supports his view by .A.exploring various causes of“waits”B.describing detailed processes
29、of“waits”C.analyzing different categories of“waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of“waits”Passage 4(2017 浙江,B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51%of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on
30、school nights,even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60%of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,and 15%said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest:most of them sleep ab
31、out 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“M
32、ore children are going to bed with TVs on,and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake,with more homework,the Internet and the phone,”says Dr.Mary Carskadon,a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for t
33、hem to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics,but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenage
34、rs,some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago,schools in Edina,Minnesota,changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.Students,parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.Amer
35、ican kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.The
36、y are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.Passage 5(2017 课标全国,C)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual Inter
37、national Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to
38、 shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems lik
39、e its not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan.“What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.Its actually color,and its actually digital.”Moran says
40、 one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged
41、Fats Wallers music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,its the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and ho
42、w something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as Interna
43、tional Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less
44、 popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Explori
45、ng the Future of Jazz B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz C.The Story of a Jazz Musician D.Celebrating the Jazz Day Passage 6(2016 课标,C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day i
46、tself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in super
47、markets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn t taste of anything special,it s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are al
48、so varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events,you can meet expert growers and di
49、scuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a re
50、al orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is