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1、上海财大基础英语考研（英美文学简史）考研真题库 一、美国文学简史考研真题 一、填空题 1.As an American poet of nature,_(18741963)had obvious affinities with romantic writers,notably Wordsworth and Emerson.He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol,but he had little faith in religious dogma or speculative thought.暨南大学 2017 研【答案】Rober
2、t Frost【分析】罗伯特弗罗斯特被誉为美国非官方的“桂冠诗人”，代表作有诗集少年的意志（1913）、波士顿以北（1914）。其诗歌多以新英格兰为背景，取材于普通人的日常生活，以自然为主要内容，诗歌中充满着机敏与智慧，平静与和谐。2.A very influential novel in the 1960s America is Salingers _ which relates the painful story of a high-school boy growing up in the world of decadent New York.北科大 2011 研【答案】The Catch
3、er in the Rye【分析】塞林格的代表作麦田里的守望者的故事的起止局限于 16岁的中学生霍尔顿考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。愤怒与焦虑是此书的两大主题。3.In 1620,led by William Bradford,a group of Pilgrims arrived in present-day Massachusetts on a ship called _.暨南大学 2013 研【答案】Mayflower【分析】1620 年 9 月 16 日，在牧师布莱斯特率领下乘“五月花号”前往北美。此次航
4、行的主要领袖是威廉布拉德福德(William Bradford)和威廉布鲁斯特(William Brewster)。4.James Fenimore Cooper s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the American nation.Yet the image he created of the American Indians has been a distorted one.In his“Lea
5、therstocking Tales,”the good Indians are almost always those who stand on the side of the British against the _.北科大 2007 研【答案】French【分析】库柏的皮护腿故事集主要讲述的是英军和法军在北美争夺殖民地，其间两军受到持不同意见的印第安人的协助的故事。5.Melville is best known as the author of _which is one of the worlds greatest masterpieces.One of the major the
6、mes in Melville is _,which can be best shown in Ahab.北科大 2008 研【答案】Moby Dick;alienation【分析】白鲸代表了麦尔维尔对他所生活的时代悲凉的世界观。小说的主题是疏离。6.As a reaction against Calvinism,transcendentalism in the 19th century stressed the importance of the individual.Transcendentalists like _ and Thoreau were telling people to d
7、epend upon themselves for spiritual perfection.北科大 2009 研【答案】Ralph Waldo Emerson【分析】“超验主义”如爱默生所说，表示“任何属于直觉意识范畴的思想”。代表人物包括爱默生、梭罗、阿尔科特及富勒等人。7.Famous for such poems as The Raven,_ remained the most controversial literary figure in the 19th American romantics.北科大 2011研【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【分析】乌鸦是艾伦坡的代表作品之
8、一。坡死后相当长的时间里仍是美国文学史上最具争议性、被误解最深的文学家。而现在坡被认为是一位伟大的小说家、一流的诗人和具有敏锐洞察力的评论家。8.American Romanticism exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own:the American national experience of“pioneering”into _ proved to be a rich fund of material for its writers to draw upon.北科大2011 研【答案】the west【分析】美
9、国浪漫主义文学自一开始便具有其独特的属性。它是美国因素熔为一体的产物。它所表达的是“一种真正的新的经历”，包含着“一种陌生的特质”。9.Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman named _ living in seventeenth-century Boston,then a puritan settlement.暨南大学 2011 研；暨南大学 2017 研【答案】Hester Prynne【分析】红字是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。红字讲述了女主人公海丝特白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯，他们之间却没有
10、爱情。在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。白兰被当众惩罚，戴上标志“通奸”的红色 A 字示众。然而白兰坚贞不屈，拒不说出孩子的父亲。小说惯用象征手法，在描写中常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。它不仅是美国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇。10._ was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation in the American literary history.暨南大学 2014 研【答案】Washington Irving【分析】华盛顿欧文是美国文学史上第一个获得
11、国际文学声誉的美国人。11.Led by Hawthorne,Emerson and _,there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century.暨南大学2015 研【答案】Thoreau【分析】超验主义运动的代表人物有爱默生、梭罗、霍桑等。12.In the period between the end of Civil War in 1865 and the dawn of the 20th century,modem America was born and grew int
12、o a nation of great size,power and wealth.This was called the“_”,an age in which American business was gilded.The traditional morals and ideals had been replaced by the worship of money.北科大 2006 研【答案】Gilded Age【分析】镀金时代是美国作家马克吐温与查尔斯沃纳合写的长篇小说。该长篇小说，运用现实主义的手法大胆揭露了美国南北战争以后，资本主义发展阶段的腐朽黑暗，作者对资产阶级的民主制度进行了辛
13、辣的讽刺，对当时流行全国的投机流行病，贪污受贿进行了揭露。镀金时代出版后，很快就被人们广泛用以形容美国当时政治腐败、以及崇尚粗鄙的实利主义的社会状况，因此，从南北战争结束到 20 世纪初叶的美国历史时期也就被定名为“镀金时代”。13.As a literary movement realism came in the latter half of the 19th century as a reaction against“the lie”of romanticism and _.It expressed the concern for the world of experience,of t
14、he commonplace,and for the familiar and the low.北科大 2007 研【答案】paved the way to Modernism【分析】现实主义是对浪漫主义的一种反抗，并为现代主义做了铺垫。现实主义是要表现普通人一般的情感。14.Whitman was a daring experimentalist.Ezra Pound,in his“A Pact,”recognizes Whitmans contribution to American poetry by saying that he has“broke the new wood.”One
15、of the major principles of Whitmans poetics is _ or a rhythm of thought in which the line is the rhythmical unit,as in the poetry of the Bible.北科大 2007 研【答案】free verse【分析】惠特曼打破了五步抑扬格的传统，并创作“自由体”诗歌，也就是没有固定韵律的诗歌。15.After the Civil War,the age of realism came into existence in America.With Mark Twain a
16、nd _ as its representatives,American realism expresses the concern for _,and offers an objective rather idealistic view of human nature and human existence.北科大 2010 研【答案】Howells and Henry James;a faithful rendering of the ordinary.【分析】马克吐温，豪威尔斯，和亨利詹姆斯是美国现实主义的代表作家。现实主义的核心观念为客观再现当代社会现实，展现人物性格、人类本质和社会现
17、实。16.Declaring“I celebrate myself,and sing myself,”Whitman extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity,the _ spirit.北科大 2011 研【答案】self-reliant.【分析】惠特曼赞美了平等和民主的理想，赞美了人的高尚、自力更生的精神和普通人的快乐。自我之歌呈现了一个没有阶层和等级的平等世界。17._s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way.Her poems
18、 have no titles,hence are always quoted by their first lines.暨南大学 2019 研【答案】Emily Dickinson【分析】艾米莉狄金森（18301886）是美国传奇诗人，被视为“二十世纪现代主义诗歌的先驱之一”。她的诗歌风格简明直接，篇幅较短，第一句往往是诗歌的题目，意象丰富，也被认为是“意象派诗歌的先驱”。18.The period from 1865 1914 has been referred to as _in the literary history of the United States.暨南大学 2015 研；
19、暨南大学 2019 研【答案】the Age of Realism【分析】1865 年至 1918 年间的美国文学在美国文学史上称为现实主义时期，这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯、亨利詹姆斯和马克吐温，他们真实地描写了美国的风土人情，挖掘了人们的内心生活，反映了内战后社会生活现实景象 19.Born in the American Deep South and writing the tragic history of rise and fall of the people there,Faulkner was a major writer in American literature.His
20、 _,Absalom,Absalom!And Go Down,Moses are masterpieces by any literary standards.北科大 2009、2010 研【答案】The Sound and the Fury【分析】福克纳极为细致地刻画了美国南方，福克纳的作品被称为“约克纳帕特发世家小说”。代表作有喧嚣与躁动 押沙龙，押沙龙！去吧，摩西等。20.The 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry appeared a great poet,_,the representative of
21、 imagist Movement,who wrote his Cantos,quoting extensively from Chinese history and Confucius.北科大 2011 研【答案】Ezra Pound【分析】埃兹拉庞德是意象主义的领军人物。21.The 1920s was another golden age of American literature,which boasted of a number of great writers.Among them,_ is regarded as the spokesman of the Lost Genera
22、tion;_ as an active participant of the Jazz Age,and _ as a representative of the Harlem renaissance.北科大 2012 研【答案】Ernest Hemingway;F.Scott Fitzgerald;Langston Hughes.【分析】第一次世界大战后以海明威为代表的一些美国作家自称是“迷惘的一代”。菲茨杰拉德的短篇小说集 爵士乐时代的故事 是爵士时代的标志。兰斯顿休斯是哈莱姆文艺复兴运动的核心人物，也是众所周知的美国黑人桂冠诗人。22.An American Tragedy by _,a
23、monumental naturalist document was published in 1925 the same year as _ by Fitzgerald appeared,which becomes a symbolist tragedy.北师大 2002 研【答案】Theodore Dreiser;The Great Gatsby【分析】美国悲剧是西奥多德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）的作品，同年出版的作品还有菲茨杰拉德（Fitzgerald）的了不起的盖茨比。23.Black literature flourished in the 1920s in the N
24、ortheast part of New York City called _,where black writers from the south and elsewhere came together and wrote free of conventional restrictions.Among them,the most famous one is _ who outgrew the movement as Black Americas poet laureate.北科大 2010 研【答案】Harlem;Langston Hughes.【分析】黑人奴隶解放后，1890 年到 192
25、0 年间，大规模的迁移进行的如火如荼。大量的佃农被赶出乡村，这些人从南向北迁移涌入城市。在美国黑人聚居地中纽约的哈莱姆区尤为重要。来自各区，各行各业的美国黑人聚居于此，使这里成为黑人文化中心，并将所有的黑人艺术家和知识分子吸引到此。兰斯顿休斯是哈莱姆文艺复兴运动的核心人物，也是众所周知的美国黑人桂冠诗人。24.Hemingways stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel _ in 1929,which portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.暨南大学
26、 2011 研；暨南大学 2013 研【答案】A Farewell to Arms【分析】永别了，武器是美国小说家欧内斯特海明威创作的长篇小说，是其早期代表作，首次出版于 1929 年 9 月 27 日。通过描述二人的爱情，作品揭示了战争的荒唐和残酷的本质，反映了战争中人与人之间的相互残杀以及战争对人的精神和情感的毁灭。25._ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American southern states,and the lives of modern people,both black and
27、white.暨南大学 2014 研【答案】William Faulkner【分析】福克纳共创作了 19 部长篇小说和 3 本短篇小说集。在这些作品里，福克纳极为细致地刻画了美国南方。在这些作品里福克纳描写了许多南方贵族的家族史。在这些家族发迹时福克纳就预示到他们必然的衰落。因为他们剥夺了印第安人的土地，奴役了黑人，受到了诅咒。26._ was regarded as father of the American short stories.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】Washington Irving【分析】华盛顿欧文（17831859）是第一位伟大的美国浪漫主义散文家，被称为“美国文学
28、之父”，短篇小说作为美国文学的一种类型源于欧文的见闻札记，该书也象征着美国浪漫主义文学的开始。27.The most important feature of Mark Twain s language is the use of _.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】vernacular【分析】马克吐温（18351910），原名萨缪尔兰亨克莱门，美国作家、演说家，代表作品哈克贝利费恩历险记汤姆索亚历险记，他主张通过自己熟知的地区的描述展现社会生活，大量运用自己拖人以及地方的丰富知识进行创作，使得口语成为受人推崇的一种文学形式。28.Hemingways“_”(1936)tells a bri
29、lliant short story about a martially wounded American writer who attempts to redeem his imagination from the corrosions of wealth and domestic strife.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】The Snow of Kilimanjaro【分析】乞力马扎罗的雪是美国作家海明威的一部中篇小说。故事主要讲述作家哈里去非洲狩猎，途中汽车抛锚，皮肤被刺划破，染上坏疽病，他和情人等待一架飞机来把他送到医院。二、英国文学简史 考研真题 一、填空题 1.It is _
30、 who presented to the world a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.北京师范大学 2002 研【答案】Geoffrey Chaucer【分析】乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）的代表作是坎特伯雷故事集，是一首由一篇序言和 24 个故事组成的长诗，
31、展示了乔叟时代的真实生活画面。2.Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest nondramatic poet of the Elizabethan age.His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece“_”.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】The Faerie Queene【分析】埃德蒙斯宾塞（15521599）是英国文艺复兴时期伟大的诗人，被称为“诗人中的诗人”，代表作品仙后。3.The 18th century in English literature is an age of prose,n
32、ot because the poetry is very bad,but because the prose is very good.The supreme master in the first part of the century is Jonathan Swift,who is known chiefly for his novel _.暨南大学 2017 研【答案】Gullivers Travels【分析】斯威夫特的杰作格列佛游记以里梅尔格列佛（船长）的口气叙述周游四国的经历。通过格列佛在利立浦特、布罗卜丁奈格、飞岛国、慧骃国的奇遇，反映了 18 世纪前半期英国统治阶级的腐败和罪
33、恶。作者用讽刺手法和虚构的幻想写出了荒诞离奇的情节，深刻反映了英国议会党派斗争，统治集团的昏庸腐朽唯利是图，揭露和批判殖民战争的残酷暴戾揭露和批判。4.The term“_”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】metaphysical poetry【分析】作为“玄学派”的创始人，约翰邓恩（15721631）是极具诗歌天赋的，他的诗采用奇特的比喻，多变的格律，具有独特的诗歌特色。5.Acc
34、ording to the neoclassicists,all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient _ and those of the contemporary _.The most popular poetic form of the period is _.北京师范大学 2002 研【答案】Greek;French;lyric【分析】英国新古典主义基于并源于古典文学和当代法国文学。诗歌主要为抒情诗。6.Of all the romantic poets of 18
35、th century,_ is the most independent and the most original,and his representative works include Songs of Innocence,Songs of Experiences and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.暨南大学 2017 研【答案】William Blake【分析】威廉布莱克生于 1757 年 11 月 28 日，是一位英国诗人，画家，版画家。在他生前大都默默无闻，现在布莱克被认为是浪漫主义时诗歌和视觉艺术史上的一个开创性人物。7.With the ac
36、tive romanticists,symbolic pictures represent a vague idea of some future society;but with the escapists,these often take on a mystic colo,as revealed in _s The Ancient Mariner.暨南大学 2018研【答案】Samuel Taylor Coleridge【分析】古舟子咏是柯勒律治的代表作。8.As a leading romanticist,Byrons chief contribution is his creation
37、 of the“_”a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.长沙理工大学 2016 研【答案】Byronic hero【分析】乔治戈登拜伦（17881824）是英国十九世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人，代表作品有唐璜恰尔德哈罗德游记，在他的诗歌里塑造了一批“拜伦式英雄”，高傲倔强，具有叛逆精神，不满足现实想要奋起反抗，同时情性忧郁孤独。9.Emily Brontes chief contribution was her masterpiece _.暨南大学 2013 研【答案】Wuthering Heights【分析】艾米丽勃朗特的代表作是呼啸山庄。10.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is written by _ whose masterpiece _ has become a prime example of modernism in literature.北京师范大学 2002 研【答案】James Joyce;Ulysses【分析】一个青年艺术家的画像是詹姆斯乔伊斯(James Joyce)的一部自传体小说，他的代表作尤利西斯（Ulysses）被称为“一部现代主义的散文史诗”。