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1、.参考答案 2000 年 4 月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语词汇学试题参考答案 .1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D .(10%)16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic .21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H .31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding
2、33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix .41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words,also known as Angl
3、o-Saxon words,are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one la
4、nguage,or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation,e.g.cuckoo,squeak,quack,etc.2）Morphological motivation,e.g.airmail,reading-lamp,etc.3）Semantic motivation,e.g.the mouth of the river,the foot of the mountain,etc.4
5、）Etymological motivation,e.g.pen,laconic,etc.47.Key points:borrowing;dialects and regional English;figurative and euphemistic use of words;coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition;explanation;example;synonymy;antonymy;hyponymy;relevant details and word structure.49.1）Each of t
6、he three words consists of three morphemes,recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes,only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un-and-ly are bound as none of them can
7、stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time-a stitch in time saves nine（3 分）2）proverbs are concise,forcible and thought-provoking（1 分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2 分）4）the short form saves time,more colloquial（2 分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1 分）.2001年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
8、 英语词汇学试题参考答案 I1B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C II.16.Stylistic 17.monolingual 18.semantic opposition 19.degradation 或 pejoration 20.productivity and collocability III.21.I 22.C 23.F 24.B 25.E 26.D 27.J 28.G 29.H 30.A IV.31.adverb idiom/idiom adverbial in nature 32.con
9、ceptual meaning 33.conceptual meaning 34.n+v-ed 35.Backformation 36.n+v 37.bound root 38.Prefix 39.bound root 40.inflectional affix/morpheme V.41.Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge.(内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42.Collocative meaning is th
10、at part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.(内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44.the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45.the lang
11、uage used in England from 450 to 1150.VI.46.要点：Radiation Concatenation i)primary meaning i)first sense ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接 iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象 47.要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effe
12、ct（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation.In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion.For example,pretty and handsome share the conceptual meaning of good lo
13、oking,but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsome VII.49.答案要点 1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation,one of the four major types of motivation,explains the connection between the literal sen
14、se and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence,pen reminds one of the tool to write with,thus suggesting writing;sword reminds one of the weapon to fight with,thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as
15、 1）police stop drinking by themselves(1分).2）police stop people drinking(1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.2006 年 4 月英语词汇学试卷参考答案 11B 2B 3B 4C 5A 6D 7B 8B 9B l0D llC l2C l3D l4B
16、l5D l6French l7degradation 18indication l9semantic 201exical 21C 22F 23D 24A 25I 26J 27H 28B 29E 30G 31inflectional suffix 32clipping 33blendin934collocative 35affectivepejorative 36compoundin9composition 37acronymyinitialism 38suffix 39Drefix 40stylisticneutral V41(1)extra1inguistic context=non-lin
17、guistic context=physical situation(2)includes people，time，place，even the whole cultural background 42Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems 43 Semantic change means mn old word form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need 44conceptual meaning is the meaning g
18、iven in the dictionary and forms the core of word meanin9 45the opposite of widening meanin9 A process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized meanin9 V146(1)an idiom may consist of more than one word，each has its meanin9，and part of speech(2)has a single meaning(3)functio
19、ns as one wordequivalent(4)In many ca8es，illogical relationship between the literal meaning of the constituent word and the meaning of the whole idiom 47(I)difference in denotation(2)difference in connotation (3)difference in application 48(1)Basic word stock possesses five obvious characteristics，b
20、ut nonbasic.vocabulary doesnt(2)Basic word stock forms the common，core of the language，whereas nonbasic vocabulary deesnt belong to the common core of the language V11 49 (1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes，dishearten(dis+heart+ca)，idealistic(ideal+ist+ic)unfriendly(an+friend+ty)(
21、2)of the nine morphemes，only heart，deaand friend are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves(3)All the rest dis-，-en，-ist，-ic，-un and-ty are bound as none of them call,stand alone as words.50 (1)Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion，and coUocative meaning cons
22、ists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation(2)Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may ay collocate withIn other words，collocation call affect the meaning of words(3)For example，prettyandhandsomeshare the conceptual meani
23、ng ofgood lookin9 but are distin guished by the range of nouns they collocate with.2008 年 4 月 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative 21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.H 31.extra-linguistic factors-p
24、sychological reason 32.derivational affix/prefix 33.extra-linguistic context 34.derivational affix/prefix 35.blending 36.extra-linguistic context.37.lexical context of linguistic context 38.bound root 39.extra-linguistic factors-class reason pounding 41Creation refers to the formation of new words b
25、y using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other elements.42.Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.They are identical with root words.43.The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in disc
26、ussion.44.A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.45.The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.46.Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分)Suffixes generally change th
27、e word class.(1 分)For example,“economy”is a verb,but“employer”becomes a noun when the suffix er is added to the stem“employ”.(1 分)47.1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1 分)2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature;(1 分)3）subfields also in
28、cluded;(0.5 分)4）semantically related words defining one another(0.5 分)48.pig/pork,sheep/mutton(1 分)In old English,animals and their meat shared the same name.with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words,the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words fo
29、r the animals killed and brought to the table.(2 分)49.Laconic is derived from Lacons(1 分),a tribe of people who were known for their“brevity of speech”(2 分)and for their habit of never using more words than necessary.(2 分)So laconic means“brief or short”(1 分)，which is etymologically motivated.(1 分)“
30、A laconic answer”thus is“a short answer”.(1 分)50.1）“too many cooks”,from“Too many cooks spoil the broth”.(3分)2）In the situation of disorder or chaos,when everyone tries to direct,the speaker manages to control the situation.(2 分).3）The use of the short form indicate the informal situation.(2 分)4）This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues.(1分).