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1、2021 届太原师范学院附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A You might not expect it,but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change.Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass,Now scientists have
2、 shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago.But this work was done in a laboratory,there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.I
3、n the lab studies,the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed,and they would cause losing weight.That wasnt helpful,since cows are often sold by weight.It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now,scientists from the University of California,Dav
4、is have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months.They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood,which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off.This time,they used a much smaller amount of
5、 seaweed,which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good.In some cases,the cows produced 82%less methane.The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given,but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33%less methane.Over the five months,the scientists didnt see an
6、y signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows.The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows,but they didnt need as much food.But there are still
7、 some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed.For one thing,theres notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world.So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives,cows live in fields,where they eat the grass.That m
8、eans theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day.These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still,its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1.Why
9、 did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A.To control the amount of seaweed.B.To record the weight cows gained.C.To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D.To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2.The underlined word“adequate”means _.A.common B.special C.lacking D.enough 3.The passa
10、ge is written to _.A.appeal to people not to raise the cows B.encourage people to plant the seaweed C.remind people of controlling cows weight D.call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution B The shade of a single tree can provide welcome relief from the hot summer sun.But when that single
11、 tree is part of a small forest,it creates a considerable cooling effect.According to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,trees play a big role in keeping our cities cool.According to the study,the right amount of tree cover can lower summer daytime tempera
12、tures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit.And the effect is quite noticeable from neighborhood to neighborhood,even down to the scale of a single city block.“We knew that cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside,but we found that temperatures vary just as much within cities,”says Monica Tu
13、rner,a professor in the department of Integrative Biology,Wisconsin-Madison University and a co-author of the study.With climate change making extreme heat events more common each summer,city planners are working on how to prepare.Heat waves drive up energy demands and costs and can have big human h
14、ealth impacts.One potentially powerful tool,the studys authors say,are organisms that have been around long before human civilizations could appreciate their leafy benefits.And those trees may be the secret to keeping the places we live livable.Essentially,says Turner,roads,sidewalks and buildings a
15、bsorb heat from the sun during the day and slowly release that heat at night.Trees,on the other hand,not only shade those surfaces from the suns rays,they also release water into the air through their leaves,a process that cools things down.To get the maximum benefit of this cooling service,the stud
16、y found that tree cover must be more than 40 percent.In other words,an aerial picture of a single city block would need to be nearly half-way covered by a leafy green network of branches and leaves.4.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.Temperatures in cities mainly depend on their green coverage.B.
17、People living and working in cities must plant trees in summer.C.Cities are warmer than the countryside because they dont have trees.D.An area with more trees can be cooler than the other parts within a city.5.Which of the following problems is caused by extreme heat events?A.Severe damage of city f
18、acilities.B.Serious human health problems.C.Residents growing demands for plants.D.Unnecessary waste of energy resources.6.Why are trees crucial to cities?A.They help shade and cool the cities.B.They make urban scenery beautiful.C.They build up city cooling systems.D.They essentially block and relea
19、se heat.7.What can city planners conclude from the study?A.They should publish the study in a newspaper.B.They should educate citizens to protect forests.C.They should plant trees on roads and sidewalks.D.They should cover nearly half the city with trees.C Even as Google plans to test its fleet(车队)o
20、f self-driving cars on public roads this summer,its business model remains abit of a mystery.By 2025,as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally,according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could tr
21、ansform mobility for millions of people,”said Chris Urmson,director of Googles self-driving car project.For now,Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars.They are strictly for research.But they will hit public roads this summer near Googles headquarters inMountain View,California.Prev
22、ious testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel,accelerator(油门)or brake pedal.“Our software and sensors do all the work,”Urmson said.“The vehicles will be very basic we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible but they w
23、ill take you where you want to go at the push of a button.”The prototype(雏形)is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run,Urmson sees a future of safer roads the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error and fewer traffic jams.Robotic cars could also shuttle p
24、eople who cant drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they dont own.The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets,including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicl
25、es,under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars,includingDelphi,Mercedes-Benz,Volkswagen,Tesla,Bosch and Nissan.The vehicles that will be tested on open
26、 roads this summer will have removable steering wheels,accelerators and brake pedals to allow“safety drivers”to take control if needed.8.According to Chris Urmson,_.A.self-driving cars can give driving orders to humans B.self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderly C.software and sensors
27、 are vital for self-driving cars D.ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars 9.Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that _.A.many traffic accidents are caused by human error B.some people cant drive because of illness or age C.Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the future D.self-d
28、riving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams 10.The underlined word“issued”in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by_.A.given B.claimed C.awarded D.prohibited 11.Whats the authors attitude towards self-driving cars?A.Objective.B.Indifferent.C.Subjective.D.Favor
29、able.D The annual 3-to-4-millimeter rise in sea levels is expected to impact many coastal communities in the coming decades.However,few are as defenceless as the Republic of theMaldives,a collection of more than a thousand picturesque islands in theIndian Ocean.NASA researchers believe that parts of
30、 what is“arguably the lowest-lying country in the world”will become uninhabitable by 2050,due to wave-driven flooding and limited freshwater.To fight the unavoidable,the government recently revealed plans for the worlds first true floating island city.The aptly-named Maldives Floating City(MFC)is th
31、e brainchild of Dutch Docklands,a global leader in floating infrastructure(基建).According to the March 13,2021,announcement,the new city will be constructed on a 200-hectare lagoon(环礁湖)located just 10 minutes by boat from the Maldivian capital,Male.It will initially consist of a thousand waterfront r
32、esidences,arranged in a series of honeycomb-like maze rows.The developers plan to add hotels,restaurants,shops,and even a school and a hospital in the near future.The floating structures.will be attached to the surrounding islands,which will form a base and provide protection from high tides.Maldive
33、 officials aim to make MFC as self-sufficient as possible.Freshwater storage will provide drinking water for residents,while floating solar blankets and agriculture fields will take care of their energy and food needs.“ThisMaldivesFloatingCitydoes not require any land rehabilitation,therefore has a
34、minimal impact on the coral reefs,”explains Mohamed Nasheed,Speaker of Parliament.“Whats more,giant,new reefs will be grown to act as water breakers.In theMaldives,we cannot stop the waves,but we can rise with them.”Construction of the revolutionary city is expected to begin in 2022 and be completed
35、 in phases over the next five years.If successful,it will provide a blueprint for other countries facing a similar situation.12.Why doesMaldivesdecide to build MFC?A.It is the lowest-lying country.B.It will be flooded soon.C.It is running out of fresh water.D.It will be unsuitable for living.13.What
36、 is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The prospect of MFC.B.The developers of the plan.C.The location of the residences.D.The barriers to the construction.14.What can we infer from the underlined words?A.MFC will keep waves away.B.MFC will make use of waves.C.MFC will adjust to the waves.D.MFC will work as
37、 water breakers.15.Whats the writing purpose of this passage?A.To introduce a construction program.B.To appeal to people to protect nature.C.To seek international help forMaldives.D.To report the achievement of a city plan,第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 What bri
38、ngs you happiness?_16_Instead of just focusing on getting your wants,ifs much easier to find happiness by ridding yourself of the things that dont serve a beneficial purpose.Here are things you should let go of if you want to lead a happy life.Pride isnt necessarily a terrible thing.It can bring you
39、 confidence and self-assurance,which are two great qualities that can help you lead a happy life._17_Its essential to keep your pride in check and get rid of any overload that is no longer serving you._18_It often arises from judgment or criticism of yourself and other people.It causes unhappiness a
40、nd becomes a burden on your life.As long as you are the most honest and authentic version of yourself,no one has the right to judge you for it and that goes for you,too.When you think about addiction,you might think of alcohol or drug addiction.But there are countless other forms of addiction,too.Yo
41、u could be addicted to work,sugar,video games,drama,or even a harmful relationship._19_If you want to be happier,think about dropping your addictions.Its also important to recognize that leaving your comfort zone is a good,although often unwanted idea.If you never leave your comfort zone,youll never
42、 grow.Even though something can make you feel uncomfortable at first,it will benefit you in the long run._20_ A.If youre in this situation,you,ll be much happier.B.Always keep in mind that self-doubt has no benefits.C.Drop the belief that your past will always be better than the future.D.Whatever yo
43、ur desire is,it will always be a barrier to your happiness.E.Many people believe if they fulfilled their desires,they would be satisfied.F.However,your extreme pride can ruin your personal and professional relationships.G.Ultimately,youll expand your horizons on who you can be and what you can achie
44、ve.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Have you ever given a thought to inspiration？In fact,inspiration can be a strange thing.You never know when it might_21_,and sometimes,it can come from the most_22_places.I recently read about an author
45、named Nnedi Okorafor.When she was in college,she had a serious spine disorder.Okorafor was told that a simple operation could_23_it.But when she woke up from her_24_,she found that she couldnt move her legs and was in great pain.Okorafor got_25_later.But before she did,she saw strange things in her
46、hospital room.She imagined her_26_as a beast that hunted her from the shadows.But she also_27_a woman-a woman who could fly,in fact.This_28_woman inspired her and helped her_29_her pain.“I felt myself become_30_,”she wrote in her book Broken Places&Outer Spaces:Finding Creativity in the Unexpected.W
47、e_31_know where we might find the inspiration to create.As a_32_,most of my inspiration comes from other peoples music.But I also find_33_in other places.Books,movies and_34_just moments in everyday life can lead to new creations._35_,I recently rewatched the film Blade Runner.Ive seen it plenty of
48、times before;its one of my favorite movies.But this time,for some reason,I saw it_36_.I decided to make music that could create the same feeling as the_37_.Its not done yet,but the music Im working on now is heavily_38_by the movies setting and characters.Anything can_39_us.You just have to be_40_to
49、 catch inspiration when it hits.21.A.work B.hit C.exist D.pass 22.A.interesting B.ordinary C.unexpected D.dangerous 23.A.fix B.make C.remove D.control 24.A.dream B.shock C.recovery D.operation 25.A.well B.bad C.worried D.annoyed 26.A.curiosity B.pain C.anger D.fear 27.A.asked B.met C.imagined D.visi
50、ted 28.A.confident B.smart C.honest D.magical 29.A.forget B.recognize C.describe D.practice 30.A.richer B.better C.busier D.quieter 31.A.always B.never C.sometimes D.still 32.A.director B.dancer C.musician D.writer 33.A.tips B.messages C.examples D.ideas 34.A.even B.again C.not D.only 35.A.In short