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1、2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题及答案Section I USE of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first deteccted in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on june 11,2009. It is th
2、e first wotldwide cpidemic_1_by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert _2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp pise in cases in Australia.and rising _3_in Britain ,japan,Chile and elsewhere.Bur the epiemic is “_4_”in severity. According t
3、o Margaret Chan. The organizations director general,_5_the overwhelming majorty of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and full recovery. Often in the_6_of any medical treatment.The ourbreak came to gobal_7_in lafe April2009.when Mexican authorities noted an unusually latge number of hospitaliz
4、ations and deaths_8_ healthy adults. As much ofMexico City Shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to_9_in New York City.the southwestem United States and atound the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_10_warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported th
5、ere was_11_flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_12_tested are the new swine flu. Also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,It has_13_more than one million people,and caused mone than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials _14_ Tamifl
6、u for children from the national stockpile and began _15_ orders from the atates for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is_16_ ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of thos
7、e _17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not _18_ for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other_19_.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups;health care workers,people _20_infants and healthy youn
8、g people.1.AcriticizedBappointedCcommentedDdesignated2.AproceededBactivatedCfollowedDprompted3.Adigits Bnumbers Camounts Dsums4.AModeratre Bnormal Cunusual Dextreme5.AWith Bin Cfrom Dby6.AProgress Babsence Cpresence Dfavor7.AReality Bphenomenon Ccincept Dnotice8.AOver Bfor Camong Dto9.Astay up Bcrop
9、 up Cfill up Dcover up10.Aas Bif Cunless Duntil11.Aexcessive Benormous Csignificant Dmagnificent12.Acategories Bexamples Cpatterns Dsamples13.Aimparted Bimmersed Cinjected Dinfected14.Areleased Brelayed CrelievedDremained15.Aplacing Bdelivering Ctaking Dgiving16.Afeasible Bavailable Creliable Dappli
10、cable17.Aprevalent Bprincipal Cinnovative Dinitial18.Apresented Brestricted Crecommended Dintroduced19.Aproblems Bissues Cagonies Dsufferings20.Ainvolved in Bcaring for Cconcerned withDwarding offSection ： Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions b
11、elow each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008
12、 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing mom
13、entum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm-double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far
14、beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the ba
15、nks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector-for Chinese contemporary art-they w
16、ere down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped
17、 buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executiv
18、e, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christies revenues in the
19、 first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds-death, debt and divorce-still deliver works of art to th
20、e market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory”because _.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highes
21、t bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market
22、 auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary
23、 art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A.auction houses favoritesB.contempor
24、ary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virgin
25、ia living room - a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that
26、 their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said Shes the talker in our family. The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. Its true he explained. When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversatio
27、n going wed spend the whole evening in silence.This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker
28、 in the late 70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions
29、of cases in the United States every year - a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their
30、share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: He doesnt listen to me He doesnt talk to me. I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but
31、 few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is mo
32、st wives main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28
33、.All of the following are true EXCEPT_A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following
34、 can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the follo
35、wing part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focuson _A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerT
36、xet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits - among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully
37、designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
38、The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever - had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll find that many of the products we
39、use every day - chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins - are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a d
40、ay. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage compan
41、ies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advert
42、ised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, C
43、rest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behavi
44、ors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap_.A should be further cultivated
45、B should be changed graduallyC are deepiy rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_A reveal their impact on peoplehabitsB show the urgent need of daily necessitiesCindicate their effect on peoplebuying p
46、owerDmanifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peoples habits?ATideBCrestCColgateDUnilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumers habits are developed due to _Aperfected art of productsBautomatic behavior creationCcommerc
47、ial promotionsDscientific experiments35.the authorsattitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits is_AindifferentBnegativeCpositiveDbiasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, o