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1、2014中考语法专项复习课件中考语法专项复习课件 (十五、直接引十五、直接引语和间接引语语和间接引语)十五、直接引语和间接引语 一、定一、定义义 直直接接引引述述别别人人的的话话，叫叫直直接接引引语语。被被引引用用的的部部分分放放在在引引号号里里。用用自自己己的的话话转转述述别别人人的的话话，叫叫间间接接引引语语，间间接接引引语语不不用用引引号，在多数情况下是以号，在多数情况下是以宾语宾语从句的形式出从句的形式出现现。二、直接引二、直接引语语和和间间接引接引语语的的变变化化规则规则 (一一)人称的人称的变变化：一随主，二随化：一随主，二随宾宾，第三人称不更新，第三人称不更新用法用法举举例例一随
2、主一随主直直接接引引语语中中的的第第一一人人称称根根据据间间接接引引语语中中的的主主语语作作相相应应的的变变化化He said,“We love our country.”He said that they love their country.他他说说他他们热爱们热爱自己的国家。自己的国家。She said to me,“I have left my books in your room.”She told me she had left her books in my room.她她对对我我说说她把她把书书落在我屋里了。落在我屋里了。用法用法举举例例二随二随宾宾直直接接引引语语中中的的第第
3、二二人人称称根根据据间间接接引引语语中中的的主主句句的的宾宾语语作作相相应应的的变变化化Tom asked me,“Are you a teacher?”Tom asked me if I was a teacher.汤汤姆姆问问我是否是一名老我是否是一名老师师。He asked me,“Do you have a computer?”He asked me if I had a computer.他他问问我是否有我是否有计计算机。算机。用法用法举举例例第三人称不更新第三人称不更新直直接接引引语语中中的的第第三三人人称称在在间间接接引引语语中中不不发发生生变变化化Bill said,“She
4、is my elder sister.”Bill said that she was his elder sister.比比尔尔说说她是他的姐姐。她是他的姐姐。The teacher told Marys parents,“Mary is a good girl.She is always ready to help others.”The teacher told Marys parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others.老老师师告告诉诉玛玛丽丽的的父父母母说说，玛玛丽丽是是一一个个好好女女
5、孩，她孩，她总总是是乐乐于助人。于助人。(二二)时态时态的的变变化化直接引直接引语语间间接接引引语语例句例句一一 般般 现现 在在时时一一 般般 过过去去时时Tom said,“I usually get up at six.”Tom said(that)he usually got up at six.汤汤姆姆说说他通常六点起床。他通常六点起床。一一 般般 过过 去去时时过过 去去 完完成成时时Mike told me,“I walked to school yesterday.”Mike told me he had walked to school the day before.迈迈克告
6、克告诉诉我他昨天步行去上学的。我他昨天步行去上学的。直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语例句例句现现在在进进行行时时过过去去进进行行时时Nina told me,“Linda is watching TV at home.”Nina told me(that)Linda was watching TV at home.尼娜告尼娜告诉诉我琳达正在家看我琳达正在家看电视电视。一般将来一般将来时时过过去将来去将来时时She said,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”She said(that)she would see me at the same
7、 place the next day.她她说说她她第第二二天天要要在在同同一一个个地地点点见见我。我。直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语例句例句现现在完成在完成时时过过去完成去完成时时Betty said,“I have worked in this factory for over ten years.”Betty said(that)she had worked in that factory for over ten years.贝贝蒂蒂说说她她在在那那家家工工厂厂工工作作有有十十多多年年了。了。过过去完成去完成时时过过去完成去完成时时Bob told me,“I had lived h
8、ere for years before I moved out.”Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out.鲍鲍勃勃告告诉诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(三三)指示代指示代词词、时间时间和地点等和地点等变变化化直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语指示代指示代词词thisthesethatthose时间时间状状语语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat dayth
9、at nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语地点状地点状语语herethere方向性方向性动词动词bringcometakego三、直接引三、直接引语语与与间间接引接引语语的的转换转换用法用法例句例句(1)如果直接如果直接引引语语是是陈陈述述句，句，变变成成间间接引接引语时语时，引引导词导词用用that，但在口，但在口语语中通常省略，中通常省略，时态时态、人称、人称和状和状语语都都应应作相作相应应的的变变化化“Im a teache
10、r.”she said.She said that she was a teacher.她她说说她是一名教她是一名教师师。Bill said to me,“I like English very much.”Bill told me that he liked English very much.比比尔尔告告诉诉我我说说他非常喜他非常喜欢欢英英语语。Betty said,“I am going to buy a bike tomorrow.”Betty said(that)she was going to buy a bike the next day.贝贝蒂蒂说说她第二天要她第二天要买买一一
11、辆辆自行自行车车。用法用法例句例句(2)如如果果是是一一般般疑疑问问句句，要要 用用 连连 词词whether或或if引引导导，后后面面用用陈陈述述语语序序，时时态态、人人称称和和状状语语都都应应作相作相应应的的变变化化“Are you a student？”Ann asked.Ann asked me whether(if)I was a student.安安问问我是否是一名学生。我是否是一名学生。The teacher asked me,“Can you swim?”The teacher asked me whether(if)I could swim.老老师问师问我是否会游泳。我是否会
12、游泳。用法用法例句例句(3)如如果果直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，要要用用相相应应的的疑疑问问词词who,whom,whose,how,when等等引引导导，助助动动词词do,does或或did要要舍舍弃弃，并并把把疑疑问问语语序改序改为陈为陈述述语语序序“What are you doing?”my father asked.My father asked what I was doing.爸爸爸爸问问我在做什么。我在做什么。“When did you come here?”he asked.He asked me when I went there.他他问问我什么我什么时时候去
13、那儿。候去那儿。用法用法例句例句(4)如如果果直直接接引引语语是是祈祈使使句句，变变为为间间接接引引语语时时多多用用“名名词词（代代词词）+不不定定式式”结结构构，否否定定句句在在to前前面面加加not;引引述述动动词词常常用用ask“请请求求”，tell“告告 诉诉”，order“命令命令”等等“Please sit down.”Jim said to me.Jim asked me to sit down.吉姆吉姆请请我坐下。我坐下。“Dont make any noise.”the teacher told us.The teacher told us not to make any n
14、oise.老老师师告告诉诉我我们别们别出声。出声。按要求改写句子按要求改写句子1.(2012安安顺顺中中考考)“Jack,can you help with the dinner?”Jacks mother asked.（改成（改成间间接引接引语语）Jack was asked _ he _ help with the dinner.答案：答案：if;could2.(2012孝孝感感中中考考)A:The teacher said to the students,“Dont take mobile phones to school.”（改（改为为同同义义句）句）B:The teacher tol
15、d the students _ _ take mobile phones to school.3.(2011济济南南中中考考)My friend asked me“Can you make fruit salad?”(改写句子，句意不改写句子，句意不变变)My friend asked me _ I _ make fruit salad.答案：答案：2.not to 3.if;could4.(2011上上海海中中考考)Are there any new markets in Asia?The sales manager wants to know.(合并合并为为一句一句)The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia.5.(2011乐乐山山中中考考)“Will you please open the window?”she said to him.(将直接引将直接引语语改改为间为间接引接引语语)She _ him _ open the window.答案：答案：4.if;are 5.asked;to