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1、陈焓 等：沉淀剂对胶质溶液喷雾热解 Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9固体电解质结构的影响 491 第 38 卷第 3 期 碳纤维含量对 PMMAPMA 基复合材料显微结构及力学性能的影响 李娟莹，黄剑锋，曹丽云，郑斌(陕西科技大学，教育部轻化工助剂化学与技术重点实验室，西安 710021)摘 要：以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)和丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl acrylate，PMA)为原料、短切碳纤维(Cf)为增强相，采用悬浮聚合法制备碳纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚丙烯酸甲酯基复合材料(carbon fiber-reinforced polymeth
2、yl methacrylatepolymethyl acrylate matrix composites，Cf/PMMAPMA)。研究碳纤维含量(质量分数，下同)对 Cf/PMMAPMA 显微结构及力学性能(抗折强度、抗压强度和拉伸强度)的影响。结果表明：随碳纤维含量增加，Cf/PMMAPMA 的挠度呈线性增长，而抗折强度、抗压强度和拉伸强度呈先增大后减小趋势。当碳纤维含量为 15%时，Cf/PMMA PMA 的抗折强度、抗压强度和拉伸强度分别达到最大值 115.5、244.6 MPa 和 158.6 MPa。关键词：碳纤维；甲基丙烯酸甲酯丙烯酸甲酯；复合材料；力学性能 中图分类号：TG146
3、.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：04545648(2010)03049104 EFFECTS OF CARBON FIBER CONTENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PMMAPMA BASED COMPOSITES LI Juanying，HUANG Jianfeng，CAO Liyun，ZHENG Bin(Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry&Technology for Chemical Industr
4、y,Ministry of Education,Xian 710021,China)Abstract:Carbon fiber-reinforced polymethyl methacrylatepolymethyl acrylate matrix composites(Cf/PMMAPMA)were prepared by a suspension polymerization process using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)and polymethyl acrylate(PMA)as raw materials and short-cut carbon
5、 fiber as reinforced phase.The influences of carbon fiber content(in mass,the same below)on microstructure and mechanical properties,such as flexural strength,compressive strength and tensile strength of the Cf/PMMAPMA,were investigated.The results show that with the increase of carbon fiber content
6、,the deflection of the as-prepared composites increases linearly,while flexural strength,compressive strength and tensile strength of the as-prepared Cf/PMMAPMA increase first and then decrease.When carbon fiber content reaches 15%,flexural strength,compressive strength and tensile strength of the C
7、f/PMMAPMA reach the maximum value of 115.5,244.6 MPa and 158.6 MPa,respectively.Key words:carbon fiber;polymethyl methacrylatepolymethyl acrylate;composites;mechanical property Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is widely used as a substitute material in rigid tissue because of its excellent biological co
8、mpatibility,low cost and flexibility of use.12 But the PMMA cannot be used as a structural part of an organism due to its lack of sturdiness and weak strength.Therefore,reinforcement of the mechanical strength and sturdiness of the PMMA is very important.3 In order to improve the mechanical properti
9、es of the PMMA,glass fibers,carbon fibers and other organic ma-terials such as polylactic acid(PLA)and polymethyl acrylate(PMA)were added into the PMMA matrix.4 Cheng et al5 used micro glass fibers to reinforce the PMMA matrix and found that when fiber content was 10%(in mass,the same below),the ten
10、sile strength of the PMMA reached 42.75 MPa.Wan et al6 used glass fiber (GF)reinforced PMMA/hydroxyapatite(HA)and pre-pared PMMA/HAGF composites which were biocom-patible.Wang et al7 used carbon fiber-reinforced bone 收稿日期：20090611。修改稿收到日期：20090824。基金项目：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项基金(08JK220)；陕西科技大学博士科研创新基金(BS0809)；
11、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划基金(NCET060893)及陕西科技大学研究生创新基金资助项目。第一作者：李娟莹(1979)，女，博士研究生。通信作者：黄剑锋(1970)，男，博士，教授。Received date:20090611.Approved date:20090824.First author:LI Juanying(1979),female,postgraduate student for doctor degree.E-mail: Correspondent author:HUANG Jianfeng(1970),male,Doctor,professor.E-mail: 第 38
12、 卷第 3 期 2010 年 3 月 硅 酸 盐 学 报 JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY Vol.38，No.3 March，2010 硅 酸 盐 学 报 492 2010 年 cements with many pores and found that the surface ac-tivity of carbon fiber could be effectively improved when carbon fiber was pre-oxidized with HNO3.The combined strength between matrix
13、 and carbon fiber also increased.Other studies have also verified these results.89 In the present work,the PMMAPMA composites were pre-pared using suspension polymerization process and carbon fiber reinforced method to improve the mechanical proper-ties of the PMMA.The effects of carbon fiber conten
14、t(in mass,the same below)on mechanical properties of the Cf/PMMAPMA composites were investigated.1 Experimental 1.1 Preparation Short-cut carbon fibers(Cf,property parameters are shown in Table 1)were provided by the Northwestern Polytechnical University.First,the short-cut carbon fi-bers were pre-o
15、xidized with hydrogen peroxide(purity 30%,in mass,the same below)for 3060 min before dried at 100 for 4 h,then the carbon fiber was soaked in acetic acid solution(purity 35%)for 12 h.Next,the carbon fibers and 5%(in mass)of dispersant of carboxy methyl cellulose(purity 99%)were added into the above
16、products and forcefully combined at room temperature for 12 h until the carbon fibers were completely dispersed.Then,the mixed solution obtained according to the mass ratio of 8.5:1 of MMA(purity 99.90%)and methyl acry-late(MA,purity 99.70%).Subsequently,1.6%of initiator potassium persulfate(K2S2O8,
17、KPS,purity 99%)were added into the above solution.Then the mixed solution was put into a flask with a water bath at 80 for 3 h.During the reaction,the mixtures were combined by glass rods.After the reaction,the polymers were separated from the solution and placed into a specially-made mould for 48 h
18、 to shape.Finally,the products were dried and solidified at 80 for 48 h,and the composites were obtained.Table 1 Property parameters of short-cut carbon fiber Average diameter/m Tensile strength/GPa Elastic modulus/GPa Electrical resistivity 103/(cm)Bulk density/(gcm3)Purity/%7 2.43.5 120170 37 1.76
19、 98 1.2 Characterization The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM,model JSM6460LV,Japan)and universal test machine(model WDT,Shenzhen,China).2 Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the stressstrain curves of carbo
20、n fi-ber-reinforced polymethyl methacrylatepolymethyl acry-late matrix composites(Cf/PMMAPMA)prepared with different carbon fibers mass fractions.Clearly,when carbon fiber content reaches 15%,flexural strength of the sample reaches the maximum value of 115.5 MPa.Sub-sequently,with the increase of ca
21、rbon fiber content,the flexural strength of the composites decreased.The results can be explained by the composite mechanism of the composite materials,which depend on not only strength of the fiber and matrix,but also intensity of the combina-tion between them.Excessive amount of fibers may re-sult
22、 in non-uni-form distribution of fiber in the matrix and lead to a weak combination between the fibers and the matrix.Therefore,the mechanical properties of the composites decrease.This result is in agreement with the researches by Li et al10 and Zeng et al.11 The relationship between the deflection
23、 and carbon fiber content of the Cf/PMMAPMA are given in Fig.2.When carbon fiber content changed from 5%to 25%,the deflection of the composites increased linearly,with the surface energy of carbon fiber increasing as well.Mean-Fig.1 Stressstrain curves of the Cf/PMMAPMA prepared with different carbo
24、n fiber mass fractions while,the de-binding and extraction of the fibers are strengthened when external stress is applied,which led to an increase in the sturdiness of the composites.12 The stressstrain curves shown in Fig.1 also demonstrate these results.Table 2 shows flexural strength of the Cf/PM
25、MA PMA composites prepared with different carbon fiber mass fractions.When carbon fiber content is 15%,the flexural strength of the sample reaches the maximum value of 115.5 MPa.The SEM photographs of fractured surfaces of the Cf/PMMAPMA with different carbon fiber mass frac-tions are shown in Fig.3
26、.When carbon fiber content is 李娟莹 等：碳纤维含量对 PMMAPMA 基复合材料显微结构及力学性能的影响 493 第 38 卷第 3 期 Fig.2 Relationship between deflection of Cf/PMMAPMA and carbon fiber mass fractions Table 2 Flexural strength of Cf/PMMAPMA prepared with different carbon fiber mass fractions w(Cf)/%Flexural strength/MPa 5 52.4 10
27、83.9 15 115.5 20 70.6 25 88.3 5%,few fibers are observed in the PMMAPMA matrix(Fig.3(a).The fractured surface is smooth and no defects such as microholes,bubbles and cracks can be observed,which verifies that the processing technology in this work is successful.When carbon fiber content reaches 15%,
28、uniform dispersion of carbon fiber in the matrix is achieved(Fig.3(b).Moreover,a few holes generated by the extracted fibers from the matrix are observed.This demonstrates that the combination of carbon fiber and PMMAPMA matrix is well and the matrix is effectively reinforced by the carbon fibers.Wh
29、en the material is af-fected by the external forces,the matrix can effectively transfer it to the interface between the fiber and the ma-trix,leading to the increase of flexural strength and toughness of the composites.When carbon fiber content reaches 25%(Fig.3(c),slight conglomeration of carbon fi
30、bers in matrix is observed,so it is able to absorb larger amount of energy and improve the toughness of the composites.13 However,the increased carbon fiber con-tent will also result in low density and defects in the composites,thus decreasing the mechanical properties of the composites.Figures 4 an
31、d 5 show compressive strength and tensile strength of Cf/PMMAPMA with different carbon fiber contents.It is found that with increasing carbon fiber con-tent,the compressive strength and tensile strength of the Fig.3 SEM photographs of fractured surface of Cf/PMMA PMA with different carbon fiber mass
32、 fractions composites firstly increase and then decrease.When car-bon fiber content reaches 15%,compressive strength and tensile strength of the composites reach the maximum value of 244.6 MPa and 158.6 MPa,respectively.When the composites are affected by compressive stress or ten-sile stress,the ma
33、trix can effectively transfer the stress to fiber through fibermatrix interface and lead to the in-crease of the compressive strength and tensile strength of the composites.When carbon fiber content is over 15%,increase of carbon fiber content results in a concentration of stress and leads to low co
34、mpressive strength and tensile strength of the composites.These results also correspond with those of Qiu et al.14 硅 酸 盐 学 报 494 2010 年 Fig.4 Compressive strength of Cf/PMMAPMA with different carbon fiber mass fractions Fig.5 Tensile strength of Cf/PMMAPMA with different carbon fiber mass fractions
35、3 Conclusions The Cf/PMMAPMA can be prepared by a suspension polymerization process using PMMA and PMA as raw materials.With the increase of carbon fiber mass fraction,the flexural strength,compressive strength,and tensile strength of the prepared Cf/PMMAPMA increase first and then decrease.When car
36、bon fiber content reaches 15%,the flexural strength,compressive strength and ten-sile strength of the as-prepared composites reach maxi-mum value of 115.5,244.6 MPa and 158.6 MPa,respec-tively.In addition,with increasing carbon fiber content from 5%to 25%,the deflection property and the sturdi-ness
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