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1、-猜测词义猜测词义猜猜测测词词义义是是考考生生阅阅读读理理解解能能力力的的一一个个重重要要方方面面.NMET阅阅读读理理解解主主要要测测试试考考生生根根据据上上下下文文和和构构词词法法知知识识猜猜出出生生词词词词义义或或旧旧词词新新意的能力意的能力.猜测生词的方法猜测生词的方法根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测英语中的构词法主要有三种：英语中的构词法主要有三种：（Derivation）（Conversion）（Compounding）派生派生转化转化合成合成派生：派生：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。单词，该法是猜测英语单词
2、的主要方法。A.加前缀加前缀dis-,in-,re-,un-,non-,B.加后缀加后缀able,-al,-an,-ful,-ive,-er,-ese,-ist,-ment,-ness,-tion,-fy,-ian,-ing,-is(z)e,-ly,-teen,-ty,-th,-ydisable,incorrect,rebuild,unimportant,nonstop,reasonable,chemical,American,helpful,handful,active,scientist,beautify,musician,realize,friendly,fully,如：如：uncond
3、itional，意为，意为“无条件的无条件的”转化：转化：由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。发生一定的变化。Iwasaskedtominutetherace.“minute”转化成动词，意为转化成动词，意为“为为计计时时”hand(n.)hand(v.)empty(adj.)empty(v.)Themansittinginthechairchairedthemeeting.合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。新的单词。如：如：blackboard,man-made,overthrow首字母缩略首字母
4、缩略ISBN：VIP：International Standard Book Number国际标准图书编号国际标准图书编号very Important person贵宾、大人物贵宾、大人物混合词混合词brunch:smog:其他其他VS：XL:breakfast+lunch早午餐早午餐smoke+fog烟雾烟雾versus(=against)BrazilVSChinaextralarge根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测没没有有上上下下文文，就就没没有有生生词词的的含含义义，不不同同的的上上下下文文会会使使一一个个相相同同的的单单词词含含义义截截然然不不同同。根根据据上上下下文文猜猜测测生生词词常常
5、常常可可以以借借助助定定语语从从句句、同同位位词词、并并列列关关系系、因因果果关关系系、转转折折关关系系等等等来确定。等来确定。利利用用解解释释作作为为从从上上下下文文猜猜词词的的线线索索,即即根根据据定定义义猜猜词词.对对生生词词的的解解释释,往往往往能能够够明明确确地地告告诉诉我我们们这这个个词词的的准准确意思。常用的关键词和句型有：确意思。常用的关键词和句型有：.means表表示示.的的意意思思，意意指指.is/are.是是.,which.,where.is/arecalled被叫做被叫做 .is/areknownas被称为被称为.canbedefinedas可被定以为可被定以为 例如：
6、例如：(a)Desert can be defined as a largeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.(b)A linguist,anexpertonlanguages,isalwayslistening.根据上下文根据上下文根据上下文根据上下文,后一句是前面划线部分后一句是前面划线部分后一句是前面划线部分后一句是前面划线部分生词的定义生词的定义生词的定义生词的定义(同位语同位语同位语同位语),),即即即即语言学家语言学家语言学家语言学家.利利用用举举例例作作为为从从上上下下文文猜猜词词
7、的的线线索索。文文章章的的作作者者常常常常通通过过列列举举一一些些名名词词或或事事例例来来说说明明他他在在文文章章中中所所用用的的一一个个词词。常常见见的的关关键词有：键词有：suchas例如例如like像，如像，如especially尤其是尤其是forinstance例如例如forexample例如例如例例如如：Carsmust havecertainsafetydevices such asseat belt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.利利用用重重述述作作为为上上下下文文猜猜词词的的线线索索。当当作作者者不不能能肯肯定定读读者者能能够够理理解解他他的的意意思思时时，
8、他他会会用用另另外外一一种种方方式式陈陈述述自自己己的的观观点点。常常见见的的用用来来表示重述的词或短语有：表示重述的词或短语有：toputitanotherway换句话说换句话说or.即，或者说即，或者说thatis也就是说也就是说thatistosay也就是说也就是说inotherwords换句话说换句话说例如：例如：(a).In some countries where there isvery little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,theirfields.(b)It will be very hard but also ve
9、rybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.从从后后面面的的解解释释中中我我们们可可以以了了解解到到brittle是是脆脆的意思。的意思。利用利用近义词近义词的线索的线索。作者可能会用一个近。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。在同一句或者同一段落中。例例如如：Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norwerethey able to
10、borrow the amount of moneytheyneededfromthebank.利利用用反反义义词词作作为为猜猜词词的的线线索索。作作者者常常常常用用反反义义词词来来使使文文章章更更具具表表现现力力，我我们们可可以以利利用用反反义义词词作作为为线线索索去去猜猜句句中中出出现现的的生生词词的的意意思思。例如：例如：Metal expands when heated and contractswhencooled.从从句句子子结结构构看看，expand与与contract相相对对应应，whenheated与与whencooled相对应。相对应。因因为为加加热热与与使使冷冷却却是是相
11、相反反的的动动作作，那那么么expand与与contract也应该是相反的。也应该是相反的。Music，for instance，was once as groups experience.For many people now，however,music is an individual experience.析析:该该句句将将人人们们现现在在对对音音乐乐的的欣欣赏赏和和过过去去对对音音乐乐的的欣欣赏赏做做比比较较，发发现现过过去去人人们们以以群群体体的的形式欣赏音乐而现在则单个人在家里欣赏。形式欣赏音乐而现在则单个人在家里欣赏。利用利用对比关系对比关系猜词猜词.例例如如:Sheisusua
12、llyprompt forallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一一词词表表转转折折，因因此此but前前后后的的意意思思正正相相反反。后后半半句句的的意意思思是是她她今今天天第第一一节节上上了了一一半半才才来来，因因此此反反向向推推理理，可可得得出出她她平平时时一一向向准准时时的结论。的结论。利用利用因果关系因果关系猜词猜词.The lack of movement caused themusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweakness was permanent.So the player
13、couldneverplaythesportagain.从从后后面面的的结结果果永永远远不不能能再再运运动动中中，可可以以推推测测permanent的的意意思思为为永永远远的的，永永久久的的。1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.Eventually,it came on the market
14、 in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe,and white as calm.(2004年NMET全国，广东卷)65.The underlined part“the colors turned the customers off”(in Para.3)means that the colors_.A.had weak effects on the customersB.tricked the customers into shopping C.caused the customers to los
15、e interestD.attracted the customers strongly 通过因果法可知答案为C.(NMET2003,C篇,65)Fermats Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a ma
16、jor advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understand
17、ing.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit peoples imagination.解析解析:同义法同义法由句中不难看出由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且，并且在句中在句中beaten和和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此处于同等并列关系，据此推断出推断出baffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为故答案为B。3.(NMET2002,E篇,74)A childs birthday party doe
18、snt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.74.What does the under lined word hassle probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a dema
19、nd made by guests解析:反义法由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty,trouble等相近。故答案为C。Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatit can be treated as a game of perfectinformation.Quitethereverse.Business,politics,life itself are games which wemustnormallyplay
20、withveryimperfectinformation.(NMET2000)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedinplaceof“Quitethereverse”?A.Quiteright.B.Trueenough.C.Mostunlikely.D.Justtheopposite8.The largest player-Shanghai BashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santana sedans are
21、the big favorite.(NMET2001)Thewords“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemarketB.carrentingfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakersC(A)Recently,studieshavebeenundertakento determine if a relationship existsbetweenviolenceontelevisionandviolenceinthestreetsofAmerica.Moreand
22、betterresearchisneededtoassessfullytheeffectsofexposuretoviolenceonhumanbehavior;Exerciseshowever,earlyresultsseemtoindicatethatcertainelementsofsocietyareinfluencednegativelybywhattheyseeontelevision.The word assess could best bereplacedbyA.undertakenB.determineC.indicateD.influence RememberthatPeo
23、pleonlinemaynotbewho they seem.Because you cant see orevenheartheperson.Itwouldbeeasyforsomeone to misrepresent himself/herself.Thussomeonewhosaysthatsheisa12-year-oldgirl.couldreallybeanoldman.(B)A.makingawrongjudgmentaboutB.B.understandingsomebodywronglyC.givingawrongdescriptionofD.formingawrongop
24、inionabout (C)Im a resolute man.Once I set up agoal,Iwontgiveitupeasily.A.frightenB.braveandcarelessC.firmD.angryWe live in a materialistic society andtrainedfromourearlierdaystotrytogetmore.Thismaterialisticopinionhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedayslearnknowledgeonlyfo
25、rtheirownbenefit.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere,i.e.toagooddealofmoney.Thesupplycannotsatisfythedemandforskilledpersonnel(人才人才)and(D)bigcompaniescompetewitheachothertogetgoodstudentsfromtheuniversitybeforethey have completed their studies.Bigsalariesareofferedtothem.Thiskindleadsto the brain
26、drain,the process by whichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighest bidder(the company which providesthemmoremoney).Themostablecitizensofpoorernationmovetothewealthierneighbors.Asaresult,therichgetricherandthepoor,poorer.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.shortageofskilledpersonnelB.outflowoftalentedpeopleC.job-hopping(跳槽跳槽)D.interchangeabilityofpersonnel