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1、AdjectiveNounmajorhardracedistinctmajority1 Complete the following chart with 2 new words from the text.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionAdjectiveNounItalianKoreaPakistanDenmarkItaly Korean Pakistani Denish VerbAdjectiveNounapplysimplemixillustrateappliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustrat
2、ionsimplifysimplicity2Completethesesentences,usingnewwordsfromthetext.1.A_countryconsistsofagroupofstates.2.Thatisthebiggest_churchIhaveeverseen.federalcatholic3.The_ofusvotedforMrRed,whothenbecamechairmanofthecommittee.4.The_ofEducationisoneofthegovernmentdepartments.5.Theeconomic_inrecentyearshasc
3、reatedmorejobopportunities.6._shapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope.majorityMinistry boom Italy shapen.1.形状形状;样子样子,外形外形CUThesculptorworkedtheclayintotheshapeofawoman.2.(表现表现)形式形式;体现体现,具体化具体化UCThewritersdreamsfindashapeinhisnovel.3.【口】情况【口】情况,状态状态UAthletesmuststayinshape.运动员一定要保持身体健康。运动员一定要保持身体健康。4.模
4、糊的人影模糊的人影;幽灵幽灵CInthedarkness,Isawashapetiptoeingout.及物动词及物动词vt.1.使成形使成形;塑造塑造,制作制作(+into/from/outof)Thepottershapedtheclayintoavase.Childhoodexperiencesoftenplayabigpartinshapingonescharacter.童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用。童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用。2(使）具体化使）具体化Thewritershapedwhathehadinhismindintothenovel.3.使适合
5、使适合;使合身使合身(+to)Thedresswasshapedtoherfigure.这件连衣裙做得很适合她的身材。这件连衣裙做得很适合她的身材。7.Weshoulddrawa_betweenrightandwrong.8.TomakethecrossingfromShandongtotheNortheast,ourancestorssufferedallkindsof_.9.ThepeoplefromSouthorNorth_arecalledKoreans.10.Nobodyknowswhowillbe_aspresidentorvicepresidentofthiscountry.di
6、stinction hardship Korea elected 3Choosethewordsandphrasestofillintheblanks,changingtheirformsifnecessary.aircraftcrossingbymeansofmakealiferailstraitArcticMynephewsfirstholidaytothe_wasadelight.Thesceneryandtheicebergsexcitedhim.LookingacrosstheBering_intoRussiawassomethinghewouldrememberforever.To
7、makethe_betweenthesetwogreatcountriesseemedasifitwouldtakenotimeatall!Thenhetravelledacrosstheice_adogsled.Itmadethejourneyhehadearlierdoneby_seemveryordinary.Arctic straitcrossingby means ofrailWhenhereachedtheNorthPole,hefoundtthemeltingoftheiceand_forthemselvesamongthesnowyhillsandplains.Afterash
8、ortbreakhetookthelocal_toflybacktoAlaskaandtheseavoyagebackhome!Makingalifeaircraftoccurvi.存在存在,被发现被发现;发生发生;想到想到,想起想起(to),(主语是事主语是事,宾语是人宾语是人)Theseflowersoccurinthetropics(热带热带).ThesounddoesntoccurinChinese.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?Anideaoccurredtome.Itneveroccurredtohimthatshewouldfail.Explanation 1)
9、Thenameofthefilm_mesuddenly.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.occurredtoB.cametoC.struckD.stuck2)_tomethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked.A.IthappenedB.ItstruckC.IthitD.Itoccurred3)Anaccidentdid,however,_atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.occurB.takeplaceC.happenedD.brokeoutoccur(occurred,occurred)DDA GrammarNounClaus
10、es名词性从句名词性从句NounClausessubjective clause主语从句主语从句objective clause宾语从句宾语从句predicative clause表语从句表语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。同位语从句。1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idontknowwhowillhe
11、lpHenrytowinthebet.3.HistroubleisthathedoesntknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有引导宾语从句词有连词连词that,if,whether;连接代词连接代词who,whose,what,which;连接副词连接副词whe
12、n,where,how,why等。等。1)Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?2.2.表语从句表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。引导宾语从句词有引导宾语从句词有连词连词that,what,which,who,whom,whose等。等。除在句子中起除在句子中起连接作用外连
13、接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、还可在从句中充当主语、表语、定语表语、定语,且各有各的词义。且各有各的词义。Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.3.主语从句主语从句做主语用的名词性从句做主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句因其在复合句中做主语中做主语,又称主语从句又称主语从句,引导主语从句引导主语从句的有的有连词
14、连词that,whether,连接代词连接代词who,what,which,连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。等。That she left him cut him to the heart.What seemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whether itwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.4.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由大多由从属从属连词连词that引导引导,常常跟在常常跟在fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply
15、,report,remark,hope,belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容内容,在逻辑上表现为同为关系。在逻辑上表现为同为关系。Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.1.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序陈述
16、句语序)；2.几对重要关联词的区别几对重要关联词的区别:whetherif,whatthat,whatwhatever,whowhoever,etc;3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句；或宾语从句；4.根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点高考考查热点根据例句根据例句,讨论：讨论：1)whetherif的区别的区别Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.Theques
17、tioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.WhetherhewillbewelltomorrowImnotsure.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.WhetherIfABCDAA.引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后位于及物动词后B.引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,位于介词后位于介词后C.引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,放句首放句首D.引导表语从句引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句主语从句或同位语从句2)Whatthat的区别的区别Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.Hismotheri
18、ssatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.所引所引导导的的从句中是否从句中是否缺主缺主语语、表表语语或或宾语宾语汉语汉语意意义义能否省略能否省略Whatthat缺缺不缺不缺什么什么;所所的东西、事情的东西、事情无意义无意义否否宾语从句宾语从句中能省中能省略略3)whowhoever;whatwhatever的区别的区别ThespokenEnglish
19、competitioniscoming,Whowillattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Ibelievewhoevertakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.Canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder?Whateverhappens,dontbesurprised.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderwhateveryoulike.名名词词性从句性从句让让步状步状语语从句从句who whoeverwhatwhatever表示表示“谁谁”表示表示“的任何人的
20、任何人”表表“什么，所什么，所的的东西、事情东西、事情”表表“的任何东西的任何东西”/表表“不论谁不论谁”/表表“无论什么无论什么”4)常见的常见的it作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构Itisafactthathewonthematch.ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.Itseemedthathewouldcomehere.基本句型基本句型结结构构常用常用词语词语Itis+名名词词+that从句从句Itis+形容形容词词+that从句从句Itis+过过去分去分词
21、词+that从句从句It+不及物不及物动词动词+that从句从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/thatItisnecessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从这类主语从句中句中,谓语动词常为谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形动词原形Itissaid/reported/decide/known/thatItseemed/happened/doesntmatter/hasturnedout/thatSuggestedanswerstoExercise3onpage5:1.Shepret
22、endedthatshewasasocialist,believinginsocialism.2.ItisnotsurprisingthatsomanypeopleloveCalifornia.3.WhyshedidnttellyouherselfiswhatIwanttoknow/iswhatIcantexplain.4.Iwonderwhyheliedtome.Revisingusefulstructures5.Thetroublewasthatshehadlostherpassport.6.ItisessentialthatyougetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheU
23、SA.7.WhatGeorgediscoveredinCaliforniawasdifferentfromwhathesawinthemovies.8.WheretheygotallthatmoneyiswhatIwanttoknow/iswhatIcantexplain.定语从句陷阱题定语从句陷阱题1.Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_hesaidmeant.A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat2.After_hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.A.wh
24、ichB.howC.whatD.having3.Hepointedto_lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as4.“Is_youwanttosay？”askedtheteacher.A.thisB.thatC.allthatD.thatall5.“When_leaveforJapan？”“When_leaveforJapaniskeptsecret.”A.theywill,willtheyB.willthey,theywillC.theywill,theywillD.willthey,willthey6.Noneknowsi
25、f_thatboy,butif_him,herparentswillbedisappointed.A.shewillmarry,shewillmarryB.shemarries,shemarriesC.shewillmarry,shemarriesD.shemarries,shewillmarry7.“Where_gotowork？”“Where_gotoworkisnotknown.”A.weshall,weshallB.shallwe,shallweC.shallwe,weshallD.weshall,shallwe8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandse
26、e_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Dontyouknow,mydearfriend,_itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves？A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what10.Everyoneknows,perhapsexceptyou,_yourgirl-friendisacheat.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what11.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_shelikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what12.Hetoldmethenews,believ
27、eitornot,_hehadearned$1000inasingleday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.because13.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what14.Patienceisakindofqualityandthatis_ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.whichC.whichD.how15.Ithascometomynotice_someofyouhavemissedclasses.A
28、.whatB.whichC.thatD.when16.-“Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice？”-“_Iwaslastnight.”A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What17.Countrylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet,whichis_hecantenjoywhilelivinginbigcities.A.thatB.whyC.whereD.what18.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.th
29、atB.whenC.whatD.how19._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that20._wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether21.Peoplehaveheard_thePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee_hewilldo.A.how,howB.what,whatC.when,
30、howD.that,what22.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that23.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever24._shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Becau
31、se25.Eat_cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor_comesinlate.A.any,whoB.every,whoeverC.whichever,whoeverD.either,whoever26.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Thatsbecause27._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever28._me
32、dicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion_noteveryonecanunderstandfully.A.How;thatB.What;whichC.That;whichD.What;that1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraight2.forward,anditdoesntmatter_that3.Imtalkingto.4.(广东省广东省)A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom 高考链接高考链接B 3._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90ofthestudentshadb
33、eenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(上海春季上海春季)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;becauseB 5.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.(北京春季北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited【解析】【解析】这是由这是由what引导的一个表语从句，引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语在从句中充当主语,这句话的意
34、思为这句话的意思为:那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。A6.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where【解析】【解析】这是一个由这是一个由why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表示原因。这句话的意思是表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开这就是你离开的原因吗的原因吗?”。故答案为。故答案为A。A 7.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.w
35、hichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis【解析】答案【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法插入语的用法,因插入语应位于引导词之后，因插入语应位于引导词之后，所以所以D项不对项不对,B、C两项无法构成正确结构。两项无法构成正确结构。A 1.ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirt_theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however2.Studentsarealwaysint
36、erestedinfindingout_theycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlong高考链接高考链接A A 3._isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which4.Whenasked_theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.whichB A 7._wantstostayinahote
37、lhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who8.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom_theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.oneC A高考链接高考链接1.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【答案】【答案】C名词性从句的
38、引导词。句意为：她名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵对我们来说是非常宝贵,我们已经准备好做我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。一切来拯救她的生命。2.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists_theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichB.C.thatD.though【答案】【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是即先行词是thefact和和that引导的同位语引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。从句中间隔了谓语部分。3.CouldIspeakto_isinc
39、hargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever【答案】【答案】C whoever既作了既作了to的宾语，又作的宾语，又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?的的主语。主语。“whoever”作代词，作代词，anypersonwhothepersonwho“任何人任何人”、“无无论谁论谁”、“的人的人”。4.Thehowtobookcanbeofhelpto_wantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverB.C.nomatterwhoD.whoever【答案】【答案
40、】D 此处从做介词此处从做介词to的宾语，的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D5.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_ofpublichealth.A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which【答案】【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，作代词，that作代词，往往用于特指，相当于作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that名词名词”，它也只能
41、代替事情不能，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。代替人。6.Newscamefromtheschooloffice_WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【答案】【答案】C 在该题中在该题中that引导了一个同位引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。项。7.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecided
42、toremain_shewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatB.C.howD.who【答案】【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选语，所以选A。Homework1.Summarizetherulesofnounclausesandlearnthembyheart.2.Translatesentences:1)显而易见显而易见,英语很重要英语很重要.(主语从句主语从句)2)玛利认为他会帮助她玛利认为他会帮助她.(宾语从句宾语从句)3)我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的.(同位语从句同位语从句)4)问题是我们下一步该怎么做问题是我们下一步该怎么做.(表语从句表语从句)