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1、Unit 4 Three kinds of fatigueI.Introductionn nWeallwanttobehealthy,butintodayssocietyWeallwanttobehealthy,butintodayssocietywheremanyoccupationsdonotinvolvephysicalwheremanyoccupationsdonotinvolvephysicalactivity,maintaininghealthisoftendifficult.Peopleactivity,maintaininghealthisoftendifficult.Peop
2、letrytostayhealthyinavarietyofways,includingtrytostayhealthyinavarietyofways,includingdailyexercises,dieting,andforsometryingtostopdailyexercises,dieting,andforsometryingtostopsmoking.Yetmaintainingoneshealthisnotallthatsmoking.Yetmaintainingoneshealthisnotallthateasy.Althoughhealth-consciouspeoplem
3、ayeasy.Althoughhealth-consciouspeoplemayexerciseordietseriouslyforacertainlengthofexerciseordietseriouslyforacertainlengthoftime,manyofthemdiscontinuetheseactivitiesduetime,manyofthemdiscontinuetheseactivitiesduetoalossofmotivation.toalossofmotivation.n nThisessayexploresonecommonprobleminourThisess
4、ayexploresonecommonprobleminournot-so-healthysociety.Theauthoranalyzesthenot-so-healthysociety.Theauthoranalyzesthecausesoffatigueintocausesoffatigueintothreekinds-threekinds-physical,-physical,pathological,andpsychological-andthendiscussespathological,andpsychological-andthendiscusseswhatwhatcauses
5、causescertaintypesoffatigueandstudiescertaintypesoffatigueandstudieshowhoweachcauseoperatestoproducetiredness,andeachcauseoperatestoproducetiredness,andwhatwhatshouldbedonetocombatthefatigue.So,inshouldbedonetocombatthefatigue.So,inthistypicalclassificationessay,itislessaquestionthistypicalclassific
6、ationessay,itislessaquestionofwhetheryouhavegotthecategoriesright,andofwhetheryouhavegotthecategoriesright,andmoreaquestionofwhetheryoucanmakeamoreaquestionofwhetheryoucanmakeaconvincingcasefortheonesyoudiscover.convincingcasefortheonesyoudiscover.FatigueisoneofthemostcommonFatigueisoneofthemostcomm
7、oncomplaintscomplaints broughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.Youdbroughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.Youdthinkthinkinthiseraofinthiseraof labor-savinglabor-savingdevicesanddevicesandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.havereason
8、tobesotired.ButButprobablymoreprobablymorepeoplepeoplecomplainofcomplainoffatiguetodaythaninthefatiguetodaythaninthedayswhendayswhenhayhaywasbaledbyhandandwasbaledbyhandandlaundrylaundryscrubbedscrubbedonawashboard.(Mainidea)onawashboard.(Mainidea)ThecausesThecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseofmod
9、ern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyandonlyrarelyrelatedtorarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexcessivephysicalexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavyexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavylaboralldaylongalmostneverlaboralldaylongalmostnevercomplainaboutcomplainabout beingtired,perhapsbecausetheybeingtir
10、ed,perhapsbecausetheyexpecttobeexpecttobe.Today,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyToday,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofaconsequenceofunder-exertionthanofunder-exertionthanofwearingwearingyourselfdownwithover-activityyourselfdownwithover-activity.Infact,.Infact,increasedphysi
11、calactivityisoftenprescribedasincreasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasaacureforcureforloweringenergy.loweringenergy.(Howcanincreasedphysicalactivitybeacure?)(Howcanincreasedphysicalactivitybeacure?)Physical(Whatsthecauseandthesolution?)Physical(Whatsthecauseandthesolution?)Thisisthewell-knownres
12、ultofoverworkingThisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolicyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolicwasteproductscarbondioxideandlacticacidwasteproductscarbondioxideandlacticacidaccumulateinourbloodandreduceyouraccumulateinourbloodandreduceyourstrength.Yourmusclescantcontinue
13、toworkstrength.Yourmusclescantcontinuetoworkefficientlyefficientlyinabathofinabathofthesechemicals.Physicalthesechemicals.Physicalfatigueisusuallyfatigueisusuallyapleasanttirednessapleasanttiredness,suchas,suchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingaahardseto
14、fhardsetoftennis,choppingwood,orclimbingtennis,choppingwood,orclimbingamountain.Thecureisamountain.Thecureissimpleandfastsimpleandfast:You:Yourest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofrest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.accumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.Pathologic
15、al Pathological(Whatarethepossiblecausesandwhat(Whatarethepossiblecausesandwhatshouldbedone?)shouldbedone?)HerefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofHerefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomesomeunderlyingphysicaldisorderunderlyingphysicaldisorder,perhapsthecommoncoldor,perhapsthecommoncoldorfluorso
16、methingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.fluorsomethingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.UsuallyUsuallyothersymptomsothersymptomsbesidesfatiguearepresentthatbesidesfatiguearepresentthatsuggestthetruecause.suggestthetruecause.Evenafteranillnesshaspassed,yourelikelytoEvenafteranillnesshaspassed,yourelikel
17、ytofeelfeeldraggedoutfordraggedoutforaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasaaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasasignaltosignaltogoslowgoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftofullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivityt
18、oosooncouldleadtoarelapseandresumefullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapseandalmostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.almostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.EventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedEventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedfatigue,itsveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlook
19、ed.fatigue,itsveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlooked.Therefore,anyonewhoTherefore,anyonewhofeelsdrainedofenergyforfeelsdrainedofenergyforweeksweeksonendonendshouldhaveathoroughshouldhaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upphysicalcheck-up.But.Butevenifnothingevenifnothingshowsupshowsupasaresultofthevariousasaresul
20、tofthevariousmedicaltests,thatdoesntmeantheresnothingwrongmedicaltests,thatdoesntmeantheresnothingwrongwithyou.(subhealth)withyou.(subhealth)Psychological(Causesandnegativesolutions)Psychological(Causesandnegativesolutions)Emotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionEmotionalproblemsandconflic
21、ts,especiallydepressionandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefenceprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefencemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruecauseofyourdepr
22、ession,suchasthefactthatyouhatecauseofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhateyourjob.Itisalsoyourbodyssafetymechanismforyourjob.Itisalsoyourbodyssafetymechanismforexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingtrappedinanungratefulroleoranunhapp
23、ymarriage.trappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftenWhensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthecomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations.Manypeoplewhomostcommonmanifesta
24、tions.Manypeoplewhoareareextremelyfatiguedextremelyfatigueddontevenknowtheyredepressed,dontevenknowtheyredepressed,Dr.Bulettesays.TheyresobusydistractingthemselvesDr.Bulettesays.Theyresobusydistractingthemselvesorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydontorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydontrecogni
25、zetheirdepression.recognizetheirdepression.ThereisagreatdealyoucandoThereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourownonyourowntodealtodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outwashed-outfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizersarealmostfeelings.Vitaminsandtra
26、nquilizersarealmostnevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarenevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarecounterproductive,andcaffeineiscounterproductive,andcaffeineisatbestatbestatemporaryatemporarysolutionthatcansolutionthatcanbackfirewithbackfirewithabuseandcauselife-abuseandcauselife-disru
27、ptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:Diet DietIfyoueatasmallIfyoueatasmallbreakfast breakfast ornoneatall,yourelikelyornoneatall,yourelikelytoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofatoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofadropindropinbloodsug
28、arbloodsugar,whichyourbodyandbraindependonfor,whichyourbodyandbraindependonforenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataproperbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,properbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,whichwillprovideasteadysupplyofblo
29、odsugarwhichwillprovideasteadysupplyofbloodsugarthroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarethroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarealmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandalmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandthenthenlettingyoudownlettingyoudown withwithathud.athud.(Why and what(Why a
30、nd what breakfast?)breakfast?)ExerciseExerciseContrary toContrary towhatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,whatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,ratherthanratherthansapssaps,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,suchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistsuchasjogging,cyc
31、ling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbodysabilitytohandlefatiguebyincreasingyourbodysabilitytohandlemoremoreofofaworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyouraworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyourcapabilityisgreater.capabilityisgreater.Exercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingE
32、xercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingeffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashioneffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashionandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Atandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Attheendofadayexercisecantheendofadayexercisecanrelieverelieveaccumulatedaccumu
33、latedtensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelptensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelpyousleepmorerestfully.yousleepmorerestfully.(Why and what exercise?)(Why and what exercise?)SleepSleepIfyouknowyouretiredbecauseyouhaventbeenIfyouknowyouretiredbecauseyouhaventbeengettingenoughsleep,thes
34、olutionissimple:Gettobedgettingenoughsleep,thesolutionissimple:Gettobedearlier.Theresnorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andearlier.Theresnorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andgenerallysleeprequirementsgenerallysleeprequirementsdecline with agedecline with age.Findthe.Findtheamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimfo
35、rit.Insomniaandamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomniaandothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingpills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymakepills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymaketheproblemworse.theproblemworse.(Two item
36、s?)(Two items?)Know yourselfKnow yourselfTrytoTrytoschedulescheduleyourmostdifficultjobsyourmostdifficultjobsforforthetimeofthetimeofdaywhenyoureatyourpeak.Somearemorningdaywhenyoureatyourpeak.Somearemorningpeoplewhotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestpeoplewhotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestw
37、orkintheevening.Dontoverextendyourself,tryingtoworkintheevening.Dontoverextendyourself,tryingtoclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeetclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeeteveryonesdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyoueveryonesdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyouwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandleco
38、mfortably,andwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andlearntolearntosaynotosaynotoadditionalrequests.Recognizeyouradditionalrequests.Recognizeyourenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhaveaenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhavealowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleeplowpointpremens
39、trually,duringwhichtimeextrasleepmaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlymaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlyexhausting.exhausting.(What should you know about yourself?)(What should you know about yourself?)Take breaks Take breaksNomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourNomatterhowin
40、terestingordemandingyourworkis,youllbeabletodoitwithworkis,youllbeabletodoitwithmorevigormorevigorifnowifnowandagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.andagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.InsteadofcoffeeandasweetrollInsteadofcoffeeandasweetrollononyourbreak,tryyourbreak,trymeditation,yoga,ca
41、llisthenics,orabriskwalk.Evenmeditation,yoga,callisthenics,orabriskwalk.Evenrunningupanddownthestaircasecanproviderunningupanddownthestaircasecanproviderefreshmentfromasedentaryjob./Ifyourjobisrefreshmentfromasedentaryjob./Ifyourjobisphysicallydemanding,relaxinaquietplaceforaphysicallydemanding,rela
42、xinaquietplaceforawhile./Thedo-something-differentrulealsoapplieswhile./Thedo-something-differentrulealsoappliestovacation;gettingawayfromitallforaweekortovacation;gettingawayfromitallforaweekortwoorlongercanbehighlytwoorlongercanbehighlyrevitalizingrevitalizing,helpingyou,helpingyoutotoputthingsinp
43、erspectiveputthingsinperspectiveandenablingyoutotakeandenablingyoutotakeyourjobmoreyourjobmoreinstrideinstrideuponyourreturn.uponyourreturn.(What are the dos and donts about break-(What are the dos and donts about break-taking?)taking?)Tasksn nTrytofindallthesynonymsofn n1.tiredn n2.energeticn nFini
44、shandmemorizeExIIatP651.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesof1.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesoftirednesswhentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenienttirednesswhentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenientlife.life.2.Causesofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedand2.Causes
45、ofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedandsomesuggestionsareputforwardinthepassage.somesuggestionsareputforwardinthepassage.3.Mostpeopledontwanttotalkabouttheirunhappy3.Mostpeopledontwanttotalkabouttheirunhappyfeelingswithothers.feelingswithothers.4.Physicalfatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotof4.Physical
46、fatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotofpleasure.pleasure.5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbody5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbodytoemotionalproblemsandconflicts.toemotionalproblemsandconflicts.6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfyingbreakfastas6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfy
47、ingbreakfastastheyprovidepeoplewiththedesiredenergy.theyprovidepeoplewiththedesiredenergy.7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessaryto7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessarytohaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upevenifthereisnothinghaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upevenifthereisnothingwrongwithyou.wrongwi
48、thyou.8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,you8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,youneedto_.needto_.9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthors9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthorsattitudestowardstheapproachtodealingwithmodern-fatigueattitudestowardstheapproachtodealingwithmodern
49、-fatigueis_.is_.10.Accordingtophysiciansreport,tirednessmore10.Accordingtophysiciansreport,tirednessmoreprobablyresultsfrom_.probablyresultsfrom_.I.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks9.I.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks9.positive10.under-exertionpositive10.under-exertionII.Language pointsn n1.fatigue:n
50、.greattiredness1.fatigue:n.greattirednessn nHishealthisdeterioratingfromfatigue.Hishealthisdeterioratingfromfatigue.Sheflungherselfuponasofa,protestingSheflungherselfuponasofa,protestingthatshewasfatiguedtodeath.thatshewasfatiguedtodeath.n nVt.Heistoofatiguedtoeat.Vt.Heistoofatiguedtoeat.n nVi.Thewo