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1、BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaI.Cultural Gap and Inter-cultural CommunicationII.文化差异与跨文化交际文化差异与跨文化交际BTLEWEthnocentrism Cultural Ethnocentrism Cultural Chauvinism Relativism Chauvinism Relativism RacismRacismLesson 10 The Green BananaII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other
2、 related terms To be continued on the next page.BTLEW Ethnic refers to cultural heritage,and centrism refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center.Thus,ethnocentrism basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view,o
3、r misinterpreting other cultures because one uses the concepts of his own culture.Lesson 10 The Green Banana To be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWEthnocentrism can lead to making false assumpti
4、ons about others ways based on ones own limited experience.The key word is assumptions,because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric.That is people dont understand that they dont understand.For example,American people often talk about British drivers driving on the wrong side of the r
5、oad.They dont just say,opposite side or even left hand side.Everybody can be ethnocentric,as all of us around the world assume things about other peoples ways.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism
6、and other related terms BTLEWEthnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility.Violence,discrimination,proselytizing,and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed.Why are people ethnocentric?It is normal to assume things on the ba
7、sis of ones own experience,although it is sometimes wrong.Peoples perceptions of colors,time frames,values on industriousness,social roles,and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life.Therefore,peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for in
8、terpreting new experiences,and in the case of others behaviors.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWWhat is the problem with ethnocentrism?Ethnocentrism leads people t
9、o make false assumptions about other peoples.People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cultures and customs.People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his o
10、wn tinted glasses.At the best,people simply continue in his unawareness.You may be well meaning in interethnic relations,but can unintentionally offend others,generate ill feelings,and even set up situations that harm others.Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations,creating conflicts and
11、inhibiting resolution of conflicts.There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems,such as racism,chauvinism,and ethnic cleansing.These views are generally condemned by the world community,but regular cases can be seen in the news.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued
12、on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWWhat can we do about ethnocentrism?Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric.Since people will never experience every life situation of
13、 everyone around the world,assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience.A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understandings.Once we realize that we are not understanding,we are now in a better position to seek more va
14、lid and balanced understandings.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族优越论)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWChauvinism is a word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin,a soldier of the First French Empire
15、.Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon,it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism.As a social phenomenon,chauvinism is essentially modern,becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beginning in the 19th century.Chauvinism exalts consciousness of
16、nationality,spreads hatred of minorities and other nations,and is associated with militarism,imperialism,and racism.In the 1960s,the term“male chauvinist”appeared in the womens liberation movement;it is applied to males who refuse to regard females as equals.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued
17、 on the next page.1)Chauvinism 2)(沙文主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWRacism is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.Sometimes,this term is also used to refe
18、r to discrimination or prejudice based on race.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Racism(种族主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWEthnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called cultural relativism.Cultural relat
19、ivists assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally.These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true,morally correct,and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Cultural Re
20、lativism2)(文化相对主义)II.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWCultural Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms,that is,without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying
21、to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard.This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations.By cultural relativism,all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment,empathize and
22、try and understand the way that particular culture sees the world.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Cultural RelativismII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWIn this sense,under specific circumstances,any form of human behavio
23、r can appear to be good or bad.People should suspend judgment,investigate,and try to be culturally relative in order to reach a thoughtful personal judgment.Cultural Relativism is a good approach to dismantle ethnocentrism,chauvinism and racism.Lesson 10 The Green BananaThe end of Ethnocentrism.1)Cu
24、ltural RelativismII.Ethnocentrism and other related termsII.Ethnocentrism and other related terms BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaIII.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingThe world of today is drastically different from that of twenty,or even five years ago.The influence of eco
25、nomic globalization,the technological development and the cultural exchanges sets the scene.This development demands a completely new approach to any type of international relations.No matter who you are or where you live,no matter what nation or culture you come from,you will need to recognize one
26、very important truth when you communicate with people in other countries.Other people may dress like you,speak the same language,but are not just like you.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWYou may communicate with people that have very different histories,languages,and ways of doing and thinking
27、.They may have a different sense of time,and a different sense of humor.They may have different ways of expressing feelings,and different perceptions of many things in the world.In a word,they have different cultures.Lesson 10 The Green BananaIII.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural Unders
28、tandingPlease think about your own relevant experience.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWSocial issues form the backbone of any culture.People in different countries conduct their lives in different ways.It is far better to know the rules than to risk offending anyone.For example,people should k
29、now something about the country they are visitingits history,its people,its heritage.The preparation helps people make conversation and learn more from the experience.In addition,it is a sign of respect for those you are meeting.Inter-cultural understanding does not come overnight.It will only come
30、with preparation,effort,and an open mind.Lesson 10 The Green BananaIII.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingTo be continued on the next page.Please think about your own relevant experience.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of World ChinaTo be continued on the next pa
31、ge.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingBritainBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the ne
32、xt page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingEgyptBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingGreeceBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued
33、on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingItalyBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingMoroccoBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be
34、continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingNigeriaBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingBTLEWParisBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour
35、 of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingRussiaBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingSouth AfricaBTLEWLesson 10 The Green Ba
36、nanaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingSwitzerlandBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingAustraliaBTLEWLess
37、on 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldThe end of the Inter-cultural understanding.III.III.Inter-cultural UnderstandingInter-cultural UnderstandingGreenlandBTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock Click the picture for more information.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV
38、.Culture Shock Culture Shock _To be continued on the next page.The term,culture shock,was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment.This term expresses the lack of direction,the feeling of not knowing what to do or how
39、to do things in a new environment,and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock _To be continued on the next page.We can describe
40、culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin.Often,the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place.Everything is different,for example,not speaking the
41、language,not knowing how to use banking machines,not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaIV.IV.Culture Shock Culture Shock _The end of Cultural Shock.The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times.Although one can experience real pain from cultu
42、re shock,it is also an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives.It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new perspectives.Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of Babel V.Tower
43、of Babel Click the picture for more information.To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_To be continued on the next page.This allusion is from Old TestamentGenesis 11,indicating a sheer illusion.The whole world had one language and a common sp
44、eech at the beginning.When people moved eastward,they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_To be continued on the next page.They said to each other:“Come,lets make bricks and bake them thoroughly,and build a city with a tower that
45、reaches the heavens,so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”They used bricks instead of stone,tar for mortar to build the city.BTLEWLesson 10 The Green BananaV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_To be continued on the next page.The Lord came down t
46、o see the city and the tower that people were building.The Lord said:“If people speak the same language as they have begun to do this,then nothing they plan to do will be impossible.I have to go down and confuse their language so that they cannot understand each other.”BTLEWLesson 10 The Green Banan
47、aV.Tower of BabelV.Tower of Babel_The end of Tower of Babel.So the Lord scattered them from there over the whole world,and they stopped building the city.The tower intended to reach heaven was left unfinished and is hence called Tower of Babel.Thus,people should“understand each other”,as it was the case long before.