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1、专题十四 定语从句第一部分 中考英语语法专题 在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句。定语从句定语从句先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面定语从句一般放在先行词后面。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为引导定语从句的词称为关系词关系词。关系词分为。关系词分为 关系代词（关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和 关系副词（关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从关系代词在从 句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词
2、在句中作状语。在句中作状语。I like music that/which I can dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I have some friends.Some friends
3、 like sports.I have some friends who like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends I like the movie.The movie is exciting.I like the movie that is exciting.that 修饰先行词修饰先行词movieThe woman who lives next door is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.The woman lives next door.who修饰先行词修饰先行词woman关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词
4、与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.代替 sisterq普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词关系代词：（如上例（如上例who/that）1.代替代替先行词先行词;2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分;3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）The building is our sc
5、hool.The building stands by the river.v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which
6、/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词行词the building,the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:1.要看先行词；要看先行词；2.要确定关系词在从句中的成分。要确定关系词在从句中的成分。关系词关系词先行词先行词关系词在从句关系词在从句中作的成分中作的成分能否省略能否省略who/that人人主语主语不能不能who/whom/that人人宾语宾语能能whose/of which 人人定语定语不能不能which/t
7、hat 物物主语主语不能不能which/that 物物宾语宾语能能whose/of which 物物定语定语不能不能when/介词介词+which时间时间时间状语时间状语不能不能where/介词介词+which地点地点地点状语地点状语不能不能why/for which原因原因原因状语原因状语不能不能 定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother
8、.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who/that has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front o
9、f me.The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who/whom/that)everyone likes is kind.The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(who/whom/that)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The te
10、acher(who/whom/that)we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to
11、 whom I talked is Mr.Li.关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is
12、red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可
13、省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.T
14、his is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,
15、关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)The room where I live is very big.定语从句只能用定语从句只能用 that,不用不用 which的情况：的情况：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 等不定代词或被它们等不定代词或被它们修饰时。修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions t
16、hat the teacherasked.2.当先行词被当先行词被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时That is the most interesting book that I have read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修等修饰时。饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主
17、句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that,而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I
18、 see.关系代词只用关系代词只用who,不用不用that 的情况：的情况：1.先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系关系词用词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are agains
19、t him.关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。1.where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.The hotel wasnt clean.We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clean.2.whe
20、n:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。Ill never forget the day.I joined the Party on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.3.why :在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。We wants to know the reason.He was late for school.We wants to know the rea
21、son why he was late for school.We wants to know the reason for which he was late for school.Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last mon
22、th is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指
23、人和物时，关系代词只能用that.1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.thatB.who C.whom D.this2.The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.whoD./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.thatB.whose C.whichD.asACA定语从句练习定语从句练习4.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yest
24、erday?A.the oneB.which C.who D.whom5.Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.that C.which D./6.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.whichB.that C./D.itBAB定语从句练习定语从句练习7.The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.whichB
25、.in which C.thatD.all8._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who9.Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.thisCCA定语从句练习定语从句练习10.This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.whoB.whom C.which D./11.This is
26、 the only article of these that _ written by him.A.wasB.were C.isD.are12.The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A.whomB.who C./D.heDCB定语从句练习定语从句练习13.The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door14.Those _ made no mistakes in
27、 todays exercises please raise your hands.A.whichB.whom C.thatD.who15.The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.A.when B.where C.that D.at thatDDB定语从句练习定语从句练习16.He is the most careful boy _ I know.A.whatB.which C.as D./17.This is the school _ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in thatB.when
28、 C.whereD.there18.Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A.whereB.in that C.that D.whichDCA定语从句练习定语从句练习19.The factory _ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.whenB.where C.thatD.which20.Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A.thatB.when C.what D.on thatBB定语从句练习定语从句练习21
29、.October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A.when B.that C.whereD.in which22.October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.whichB.when C.whereD.in which23.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A.whichB.where C.in whichD.whatBBA定语从句练习定语从句练习24.Is this museum _ they
30、 visited last month?A.thatB.which C.whereD.the one25.I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.whatB.which C.thatD.whereDD定语从句练习定语从句练习26.Have you seen the girl _?A.that I told B.I told you of C.whom I told D.I told of27.The days are gone _ we use“foreign matche
31、s”.A.during when B.during that C.on which D.during which 28.Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.whichB.that C.what D.whateverDBB定语从句练习定语从句练习29.The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all.A.whichB.that C.who D.what30.I can still remember the
32、sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where 31.It was raining hard,_ kept us indoors.A.whichB.that C.asD.whatBDA定语从句练习定语从句练习32.The only question _ is to find our way home.A.that mattered B.that matters C.which mattered D.matter 33.In the dark street,there was nt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.thatB.who C.from whomD.to whom34.The farmers used wood to build a house _ grain can be stored.A.with which B.where C.in that D.which BDB定语从句练习定语从句练习