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1、冶金工程专业英语范文讲解：pPart1FundamentalsofIronandSteelmakingpPart2IronmakingpPart3SteelmakingPart1FundamentalsofIronandSteelmakingpGlobalsteelindustryuNewdevelopmentinEuropepFundamentalofironmakinguReductionofironoxidespFundamentalofsteelmakinguFundamentalsofLadleMetallurgicalReactionsPart2IronmakingpSinterp
2、lantuSinterqualitypBlastFurnaceuBlastfurnacegassystemandhotblaststovespPulverizedcoalinjectiontechnologyuBlastfurnaceInstrumentationandControlpCOREXplantuHIsmeltPart3SteelmakingpHotmetalDesulfurizationTechnologyuHotmetalpretreatmentprocesspBasicOxygenFurnaceuProcesscontrolstrategiesofBOFpElectricArc
3、FurnaceuDirectCurrentElectricArcFurnacepLadleFurnace,TankDegasser,RH,andCAS-OBuContinuousCastingUnit1Globalsteelindustry1.OverviewpTheglobalsteelindustryishighlycyclical,verypetitiveandstillfragmentedintermsofmarketshare.Currentlytheindustryisattheheightofthebusinesscycleandisgoingthroughaconsolidat
4、ionphase,whichmightresultinthesmallerplayersbeingacquiredbythelargerones.p1.cyclical:周期的；轮转的，循环的。p2.fragment:(使)成碎片，(使)分裂。p3.marketshare:市场份额。p4.consolidation:合并。p5.acquire:取得，获得。pThetotaloutputfromtheindustryexceeds1.4billiontonsin2005,mostofitaugmentedbytheincreaseinoutputfromChina.Thisisexpectedt
5、oincreasefurther,makingsteeloutputfromChinaamongthelargestintheworld.p6.output:产量；生产，出产，产品。p7.augment:(使)扩张，扩大；扩编；(使)增大，增加。pThesteelindustrydemonstratesahighdegreeofvariability,bothintermsofearningsandproduction.Thefactorsattributablefordrivingthisvariabilityareglobaleconomicconditionswithaparticula
6、rsensitivitytotheperformanceoftheautomotive,construction,capitalgoodsandotherindustrialproductsindustries.p8.variability:变化性；变异性。p9.earning:利润。p10.factor:要素，因素。p11.attributable:由引起的。p12.sensitivity:敏感(性)。p13.capital:主要的，资本的。pThemoditynatureofsteel,theproducersandconsumerslimitedcontrolonprice,andthe
7、demandandsupplydisparityhavemadesteelpricesvolatile.Significantincreasesinpricesformetalsandenergyoverthepasttwoyearshavealsocontributedtoincreasedvariabilityintheindustry.p14.modity:常pl.商品。p15.disparity:不同，不等。p16.volatile:易变的，反复无常的。2.Brief Company Overviewsp(1)Arcelor-Mittal:uThefive-monthlongduelb
8、etweenNetherlands-basedMittalandLuxembourg-basedArcelorhasconcluded.Mittalsunprecedentedtakeovervictoryinthebattlefortheglobalsteelgianthasbroughtthefive-monthbattletoahalt,afterthefinalshareholderapproval.InthenewArcelor-MittalbinetheMittalfamilycollectivelyholdsa43.5percentshare.p17.duel:竞争，斗争。p18
9、.conclude:结束，终止。p19.unprecedented:没有前例的。p20.takeover:接收。p21.giant:巨人；大汉。uThenewsteelpanywillhaveabout334,000employeesworld-wide,andrevenuescloseto$70billion.Arceloriswell-positionedinWesternEuropeandcateringthehigh-gradeautoandconstructionindustry.p22.halt:暂停前进。p23.shareholder:股东。p24.approval:批准。p25
10、.bine:集团。p26.collective:集合的。p27.revenue:(国家的)岁入；pl.总收入。uMittalwithmillsspreadoutthroughthefourcontinentsinlow-costlocationssuchasCzechRepublic,Mexico,andKazakhstan,producingmostlybasicsteelproducts.StilltherearethingstobesettledbetweenArcelorandMittal.Forexample,thefateoftheCanadiansteelmakerDofasco
11、acquiredinApril2006byArcelorisyettobedecided.p28.well-positioned:较好的定位。p29.cater:为(宴会等)供应酒菜；供应；迎合，投合。p30.cost:费用；代价，价格；成本。p31.Kazakhstan:哈萨克斯坦亚洲国名。uMittalsaggressivebusinessmodelhashelpedthepanycreateaprofitableenterpriseincountriesthatwerenotregardedasobviousinvestmenttargets(suchasUkraineandIndone
12、sia).Ithastrackrecordofbuyingloss-making,bankruptorunder-producingsteelpanies,andturningthemaroundbyrestructuring,costcuttingandlayoffs,therebycreatingleanerandmorepetitiveoperations.p32.Ukraine:乌克兰。p33.Indonesia:印度尼西亚。p34.profitable:有利可图的，。p35.trackrecord:成绩纪录。p36.under-producing:半停产。p37.layoffs:临时
13、解雇；停工；停止活动。pThepanyhasproductionunitsin17countries.Incontrast,Arcelorholdsfrontrunningpositionsinitsmainmarkets:automotive,construction,householdappliancesandpackagingaswellasgeneralindustry.ArceloristhenumberonesteelproducerinEuropeandLatinAmerica.Takingadvantageofitsnowdominantposition,Arcelor-Mit
14、talhasambitionstofurtherexpandinternationallyinordertotakeadvantageofthegrowthpotentialofdevelopingeconomiesandoffertechnologicallyadvancedsteelsolutionstoitsglobalcustomers.p38.lean:精干的。p39.householdappliance:家庭用具。p40.dominant:最有力的，占优势的。pArcelor-Mittalismorethanthreetimeslargerintermsofproductionof
15、andrevenuefromsteel,thanitsnearestrivalNipponSteelCorp.ofJapan.Thebinedpanywillnowhaveasignificantadvantageinsettingpricesandnegotiatingthetermsofvariouscontractswithkeycustomers.Thenewsteelindustrytitanwillbebetterequippedtobatthevolatilenatureofthesteelindustry.Thisisduetothefactthatitwillhaveglob
16、allydiversifiedoperationsandadiversifiedproductlinegivingitthepowertonegotiatewithlargecustomer.p41.rival:竞争者，对手。p42.titan:巨头。p43.diversified:多样化的。p(2)NipponSteelCorporation:uNipponSteelCorporationisJapansNo.1steelmakerandtheworldsthirdlargest,intermsofcrudesteelproduction,withannualconsolidatedoutp
17、utofapproximately33milliontons.Itisbackedbyasolidbusinessfranchisesupportedbydiverseproductlineswithafocusonhighvalueaddedproducts,outstandingproductdevelopmentcapability,aswellasastrongcustomerbase.TheCompanyhasalsosecuredasolidpresenceoverseas,fueledbydistinctiveresearchanddevelopmentcapabilitiesa
18、ndstrategicalliances.p44.consolidated:加固的；整理过的，统一的。p45.franchise:某种特许权。p46.diverse:多种多样的。p47.presence:存在。p48.fuel:(给)加供给燃料。p49.distinctive:独特的。p50.strategic:战略(上)的。p51.alliance:同盟。p(3)Posco:uThePohangIronandSteelCompanybasedinPohang,SouthKorea,itisoneofthetopsteelproducers.Poscooperatestwosteelpanie
19、sinSouthKorea,oneinPohangandtheotherinGwangyang.Inadditiontothis,PoscooperatesinajointventurewithUSSteelwithnameofUSSPosco,locatedinPittsburgh.p52.jointventure:合资(企业)。pInJune2005,PoscosignedamemorandumofunderstandingwiththeStateGovernmentofOrissa,Indiaandplanstoinvest$12billiontoconstructaplantwithf
20、ourblastfurnaces,anelectricityplant,housing,andanannualproductioncapacityof12milliontonsofsteelandisexpectedtostartproductionin2010.p53.memorandum:记录；备忘录；便笺函；通知书；寄售物品通知书。p54.blastfurnace:高炉，鼓风炉。p55.housing:房屋；住宅。p(4)Severstal:SeverstalisthelargestRussiansteelproducer,with2005annualsteelproductionof1
21、7.1milliontons.Inaddition,SeverstalownsSeverstalNorthAmerica,thefifthlargestintegratedsteelmakerintheU.S.with2005productionof2.7milliontons,andLucchini,Italyssecondlargeststeelgroupwith2005productionof3.5milliontons.pSeverstalisoneoftheworldslowestcostandmostprofitablesteelproducers,with2005EBITDAof
22、approximately150eurosperton.Severstal-Resource,itsownsubsidiaryowns70yearsofironorereservesand84yearsofcoalreserves,2005revenueandEBITDAwereapproximatelyEUR1.12billionandEUR506million,respectively.Severstal-Resourceproducescokingcoal,thermalcoal,ironorepelletsandironoreconcentrate.p56.EBITDA:未计利息、税项
23、、折旧及摊销前的利润。p57.euro:欧元。p58.subsidiary:子公司。p59.reserve:储备。p60.respectively:各自。p61.cokingcoal:炼焦煤。p62.thermalcoal:动力煤。p63.ironore:铁矿石。p64.pellet:球团矿。p65.ironoreconcentrate:铁精矿。p(5)Corus:uCorusisacustomerfocused,innovativesolutionsdrivenpany,whichmanufactures,processesanddistributesmetalproductsaswella
24、sprovidingdesign,technologyandconsultancyservices.ThepanysheadquartersareinLondon,withfourDivisionsandoperationsworldwide.p66.innovative:创新的。p67.manufacture:(大量)制造，加工。p68.consultancy:咨询，顾问服务。p69.headquarters:总部。p70.division:政府或公司的一个部分位。uCorusranksamongthe10largeststeelproducersintheworld,withabout18
25、milliontonnesofcrudesteelproductionin2005.Activitiesincludecarbonsteelproductionwhichare90%ofsalesandaluminumsmelting,rolling,andextrusion10%ofsales.ThegroupsmainproductionbasesaretheU.K.,theNetherlands,Sweden,Germany,France,Belgium,andtheU.S.Itisoftenspokenaboutasapossibletakeovercandidate.p71.crud
26、esteel:粗钢。p72.carbonsteel:碳素钢。p73.smelt:精炼。p74.roll:轧钢。p75.extrusion:挤压成型。p76.takeover:接收；接管。3.Global Steel IndustrypThesteelindustryintheEuropeanUnionisstructureddifferentlythanthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates.Thekeydifferenceistheconsolidationoftheindustry.Arcelor-Mittal,ThyssenKrupp,andCorusenjo
27、ysubstantialmarketshareinalargelyconsolidatedmarketplace.pThesteelindustryintheUnitedStatesispletelydifferentparedtootherindustriesglobally.UScorporatebondissuershaveahigherhistoricaldefaultratethananyothersteelproducerglobally.p77.bond:契约；联盟；证券，。p78.issuer:发行者。p79.default:不履行；违约；拖欠；不履行债务；缺席。pThisre
28、flectshighlyleveragedcapitalstructuresoftheUSsteelproducersparedtotheEuropeancounterpartswhoholdhighercashbalancesplacingsignificantimportancetoacautiousapproachtoliquidity.ThehighdefaultrateintheUSsteelindustrycanbeattributedtoanelevatedlevelofshareholderpressureforhighshort-termreturns,whichthenfo
29、rcesthemanagementtodeployhigher-riskstrategies.p80.leverage:为提供杠杆装置；以“杠杆收购法”投资于(某个基金)。p81.liquidity:流动性，流畅。pOversupplyinChina,particularlyinmoditybasedflatproductsandlongproducts,andtheinventorybuild-upinAsiancountriesarepressuringtheregionsprofitabilityandcashflowandthuscontributingtothevariability
30、intheglobalsteelindustry.Anewrecordhighwassetforworldtradeinsteel,whichgrew8%in2005toabout1.3billiontons.p82.oversupply:过度供给。p83.modity:商品。p84.flatproduct:扁平材产品。p85.longproduct:长材产品。p86.inventory:存货。p87.build-up:上升，升高。pThelargeststeelexportingcountriesin2005wereEU32.4milliontons,Japan32milliontons,R
31、ussia30.9milliontons,Ukraine27.3milliontonsand,enteringthetop5forthefirsttime,China27.4milliontonsupasolid37percent.ThelargestimportingcountrieswereChina27.5milliontons,theEU25.1milliontonsandJapan13.2milliontons.Themajorexportersofironorein2005wereAustralia239milliontonsandBrazil224milliontons.p88.
32、break-up:明细表。pImportsintoChinaincreasedby32%in2005,paredto2004,importsintotheEUandJapanactuallyfellby2%.ImportsintoChinafromAustraliain2005were112milliontons,anincreaseof34milliontonson2004.ImportsfromIndia,at68.5milliontons,wereupby18milliontonson2004whichmeansthatimportsfromIndiahaveincreasedtenfo
33、ldsince1998.ImportsintoChinafromBrazilreached55milliontons,andincreaseof8milliontons.Thebreak-upofChineseimportsbycountryoforiginshowsthatAustraliasupplied41%,India25%andBrazil20%,othercountriessuchasSouthAfricacontributetotheremaining14%.p(1)China:uIn2005steelproductioninChinawas349milliontonsup25%
34、from2004.Inparison,productionin2004was280milliontons,2003was222milliontonsand2002182milliontons.Importsin2005fell18%to27.3milliontonsfrom33.2milliontonsin2004.uImportshadpreviouslyrisensignificantlyin2003toreach43milliontons.Exportsgrew36%in2005toreach27milliontonsparedwith20milliontonsin2004and8mil
35、liontonsin2003.SinceSeptember2004exportshaveexceededimportstomakeChinaanetsteelexporteralthoughthiswasreversedfromJuly2005.However,inDecember2005,exportsagainexceededimports.RealGDPinChinaisexpectedtobearound10percentin2006andwillmostlikelyremainhighin2007intherun-uptothe2008BeijingOlympics,hencefee
36、dingdemand.pChina,whichisamajorproducerandconsumerglobally,isanetexporterofsteelanditsincreasedsupplyofproductsmightfinditswaytotheNorthAmericamarkets.ThesuddenincreaseinsteelimportsfromChinaisnotonlyfueledbytheBeijingOlympicsscheduledfor2008,butalsobecauseoftheincreaseindomesticdemandforinfrastruct
37、ureignitedbytherapidindustrializationinChina.CurrentlytherearenumeroussmalllocalsteelpaniesinChina,andingeneralviewtheChinesesteelindustryisripeforarapidconsolidationphase.AfterBeijingOlympicsin2008,thereareprospectsofaslowdownintheindustry.p89.infrastructure:基础设施。p90.ignite:点燃。p91.ripe:成熟的。p92.beri
38、pefor:的时机成熟。p(2)UnitedStates:uTheUS,whichistraditionallyasteelimporter,recordedimportsof30.2milliontonsin2005adropof8%on2004.Thekeyimportedproductsweresemis6.3milliontons,hotrolledcoil3.7milliontons,weldedtubes3.6milliontonsandwirerod2.8milliontons.KeysupplyingcountriesincludetheNAFTAmembersCanada5.
39、6milliontonsandMexico3.8milliontonsfollowedbyBrazil2.4milliontonsandChina2.3milliontons.USsteelmillexportsin2005were9.4milliontonsparedwith7.8miliiontonsin2004.p93.appetite:胃口。p94.semis:半成品。p95.hotrolledcoil:热轧钢卷。p96.weldedtube:焊管。p97.wire:钢丝。p98.rod:线材。p99.NAFTA:NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由贸
40、易协定。p100.steelmill:钢厂。p(3)EuropeanUnion:u EUimports,afterreachingtheirhighestleveleverinQ12005at8.7milliontons,fellbacksharplyinthesecondquartertodownto7.7milliontonsandalsoinquarter3downto5.3milliontons.Henceinthefirst9months2005imports,at21.7milliontonswere11%downonthesameperiod2004.uConsequently,
41、overthefirst9monthstheEUhasresumeditspositionasanetsteelexporterwithasurplusof2milliontonsimports21.7milliontonsandexports23.7milliontons.KeyproductsimportedbytheEUincludesemis,hotrolledcoil,wirerod,galvanizedsheet,hotrolledplatesandcoldrolledsheet.KeyimportsourcesincludeRussia3.9milliontons,Turkey2
42、.1milliontons,Ukraine2.2milliontons,China1.5milliontons,India0.9milliontonsandBrazil1.1milliontons.p101.resume:拿回。p102.surplus:盈余。p103.galvanizedsheet:镀锌薄板。p104.hotrolled:热轧的。p105.plate:（中厚板）。p106.coldrolled:冷轧的。p107.sheet:薄板。Readingmaterial1:NewdevelopmentinEurope1.Steel production in EuropepSteeli
43、saglobalproduct,andduetotherapidinformationtransferworldwidetherearenofundamentaldifferencesregardingtheproductionprocesses.Nevertheless,therearedistinctionsinthetechnologiesapplied,causedbytherawmaterialsandenergysituation,consumerorientation,andalsocausedbythespeedoftheintroductionofinnovationsand
44、newprocessdevelopmentsinoperationalapplication.p1.distinction:区别,分清。p2.orientation:定位熟悉。p3.innovation:革新,创新。pTheEuropeanUnion(EU)isoneofthemostimportanteconomicblocksintheworld.ThetreatyonthefoundationoftheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC),establishedin1952,wasoneoftheoriginsoftheEuropeanUnionwhic
45、htodayprises15memberstates.Thisregionhasabout376millioninhabitants;in1999theproductionofcrudesteelamountedto155milliont.p4.economicblock:经济板块。p5.theEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity:欧洲煤钢联营体。pGeographically,EuropecontainsseveralothersteelproducingcountriesoutsidetheEU.WithoutconsideringtheshareoftheCISme
46、mberstates,thereisanadditionalcrudesteelproductionofabout50milliont.AnoverviewofthesteelproductionlocationsinEuropehavingacapacityofmorethan4milliont/yearcrudesteelrevealsthatthecityofDuisburginGermanyistheareawiththehighestproductionlevel.p6.CIS:CommonwealthofIndependenceStates独联体。pTheshareofbasico
47、xygenfurnacesteelmakinginintegratedplantsisheadingtowards60%,andthatofscrapbasedelectricsteelmakingtowards40%.Today,andinthefuture,onlythoseproductionprocesseswhichachievehighproductivity,costefficiency,andalsoeasyandsufficientenvironmentalcontrolwillhaveachancetosurvive.Therefore,theBasicBessemeran
48、dOpen-Hearthprocesseshavebeenphasedout.p7.basicoxygenfurnace:碱性氧气转炉。p8.integratedplant:钢铁厂。p9.scrap:废钢。p10.electricsteelmaking:电炉炼钢。p11.BasicBessemer:碱性贝塞麦转炉炼钢法。p12.Open-Hearthprocess:平炉工艺。p13.phaseout:分阶段停止使用。pSinteristhemainferrousburdenponentfortheblastfurnacesintheEuropeanUnion.Theaverageburdenp
49、ositioninEUcountriesis62.4%sinter,26.1%pelletsand11.5%lumporesandothers.OnlySwedenhasshutdownallitssinterplants.p14.sinter:烧结物；烧结矿。p15.burden:含铁原料。p16.blastfurnace:高炉。p17.lumpore:块矿。2.Sinter plantspIntheothercountries,theshareofsinterrangesfromabout45to85%.In1999,41sinterplantswereoperatedintheEUpro
50、ducing100milliontofsinter.Over50%aremediumtolargeplantswith200to500m2effectivesuctionareathelargestbeingstrandNo.3atSollacDunkerquewith525m2.p18.effectivesuctionarea:有效抽风面积。pSinterplantsintheEUarefocusingonreducingdioxinemissionstoextremelylowlevels.Therefore,severalactivitiestoreducedioxinemissions