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1、2一一.概念概念代词是代替名词的一种词类代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具大多数代词具有有名词名词和和形容词形容词的功能。的功能。人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词关系代词关系代词二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性my,your,her,his,its,our,yo
2、ur,their,n性性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsmyself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,assth;sb;both;all;no;another,others1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,you,the
3、y,宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.Iveknownherforyears.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则:二三一二三一人人称称.“我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后,在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为:you,she/he and I,并列宾格并列宾格:you,her/him
4、and me,You,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Li asked you,Tom and me to clean the windows.63)3)人称代词的特殊用法：人称代词的特殊用法：she,her 通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The Titanic,the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunny day.China is my motherland,although she is not rich
5、 enough now,I still love her very much.it的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见其人的其人的,非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离A:Whos the man beside you in the photo?B:Its my cousin Henry.A:Someone is knocking at the
6、 door,Who can it be?B:I bet its Mike.I warned him not to smoke,but it didnt help.Look at the baby,its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today.It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.5)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to le
7、arn English well.It is kind/nice of you to help me。I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt seemed that his interview was a success.makeit（口语）获得成功;takeiteasy从容，不着急letitgo不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）this/thatisit这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原
8、因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half an hour,take it easy!I overheard her talking about me,but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it,we have lost the match!2.物主代词物主代词 adj物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有后面必须
9、有n,只能作定语只能作定语。n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj词性物主代词词性物主代词+n”既有表示既有表示所属所属的作用又有的作用又有指代指代作用，作用，This isnt her pen.Hers looks newer and cleaner.主语主语I lost my bike,Can I use yours.宾语宾语Look for your keys in your bag,not in mine.介词宾语介词宾语:含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组on ones own=by oneself 独立地，独自地独立地，独自地try/do ones best
10、 to do sth竭尽全力做某事竭尽全力做某事lose ones way/temper/life.迷路迷路/发脾气发脾气/丧命丧命lose ones heart to sb/sth=fall in love with 钟情于钟情于in ones forties/fifties 在某人在某人40/50岁的时候岁的时候do ones homework 做作业；做作业；in ones opinion 依某人看依某人看be ones own master/mistress 独立自主独立自主12keep/lose ones balance(因保持因保持/失去平衡而失去平衡而)稳住稳住/倒下倒下Keep
11、/lose ones head 保持镇定保持镇定/昏头，冲动昏头，冲动Keep/break ones promise 信守信守/违背诺言违背诺言keep/break ones word 守信守信/失信失信,食言食言 eat ones words 承认自己说错话承认自己说错话on ones way to sp在去某地的路上在去某地的路上in ones free/spare time 在某人的闲暇时光在某人的闲暇时光hold ones breath 屏息屏息;lose ones breath气喘吁吁气喘吁吁to ones surprise/disappointment令某人惊讶令某人惊讶/失望失望
12、的是的是1).作动词的作动词的Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shesveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.Imconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.3).作表语作表语:Imnotfeelingmyselftoday.4).作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood,butitisntsuitableforyou.3.反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself
13、,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买calloneselfawriter/JayChou自称作家/周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于;献身于behaveoneself举止规范;expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself
14、(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome随便吃/喝点.makeoneselfathome,放松；别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself=ononesown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词指示代词:this,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或
15、空间上较近的人或物；that,those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English.2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.16指示代词的特殊指代功能：指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用介绍别人时要用 this is;This is Miss Li.This is Tom 2.this 常指常指下文中要下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指则指上文中提到过的人上文中提
16、到过的人/事物事物有承上的作用。有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:The party will be put off.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.3.打电话时打电话时“你你”“我我”不用不用“you”“I”而要用而要用that,this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.4.that和和those可作定语从句的先行词可作定语从句的先行词,those常用来指人常用来指人 We are looking for those who sing and dance well
17、.5.相互代词相互代词eachother,oneanothereachother指两个人指两个人/物之间物之间,oneanother指多个之间指多个之间,但但eachother常用来代替常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词可加相互代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Althoughtheyvetalkedforfivehours,theydontknoweachothersnames.6
18、.疑问代词疑问代词:指人指人:who,whom,whose;指物指物:what;指人指人/物物:which疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语动位于谓语动词之前词之前,没有性和数的变化没有性和数的变化,除除who之外也没有格的变之外也没有格的变化。化。who问姓名问姓名/关系关系,what问职业问职业等等就划线部分提问就划线部分提问1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Themanhaslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohna
19、cardyesterday.Whoisanartist?Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?Whatisyours?Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?WhereisyourcarWhogaveJohnacaryesterday?WhomdidSallygiveacardtoyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?*
20、7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括who,whom,which,whose,that.用于指人用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物;1.who,which和和that用作主语用作主语,Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作宾语用作宾语,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.Isthis
21、thebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定语用作定语,如：如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.8、不定代词、不定代词1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可
22、数和不可不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语只能作定语）2).one,ones,指代与上文中提到的指代与上文中提到的n同类中的一个同类中的一个/一些一些,单数为单数为one,复数为复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句和定语从句.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?Thebluevase
23、istwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?1.Kellysrighteyeisgreen,its_eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave_cake?3.Doyoumindshowingmesome_pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis_?5.Weneed_fivedaystofinishthework.6.Thereremanypeopleinthepark,someareflyin
24、gkitessomearetakingawalkand_aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,_arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother3）.another(+单数单数/数字数字+复数复数),又一个又一个/几个几个(泛指泛指)theother两者中的另一个两者中的另一个(前面一般有前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含等
25、暗含2的的n)others(=other+复数复数),其他的其他的;别的别的,(泛指泛指),多与多与some搭配搭配theothers(=other+复数复数=therest),其他的其他的;剩余的剩余的,(特指特指)与前面提到的部分相加等于全部与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与多与数字数字搭配搭配some(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n,(肯定句,或建议请求),any(+复数复数n/不可数不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）no复数(+单/复数n/不可数n)没有=notany/notaboth+复数（两者都复数（两者都)=bothof+复数neither+单数（两者都不）单数（两者都不）=of+复
26、数复数either+单数（两者中的任何一个）单数（两者中的任何一个）all+复数复数n/不可数不可数n（三个或三个以上都三个或三个以上都/所有都所有都）noneof+复数复数（三个或三个以上都）（三个或三个以上都）any+单数单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）each+单数单数=eachof+pl(多个中的每一个多个中的每一个,强调个体与个性）强调个体与个性）every+单数单数（多个中的每一个（多个中的每一个,强调整体与统一性）强调整体与统一性）Thereretalltreesoneach/everysideofthesquare.Hehasfivesons,b
27、utnoneofthemliveswithhim.Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?Either.(Neither,-)There_no_,Whichofyouwouldliketobuysome?alittle(+不可数不可数n)=abitof(milk),(肯定句肯定句,一点点一点点)verylittle(+不可数不可数n)很少很少;onlyalittle仅一点点little(+不可数不可数n)(否定，几乎没有否定，几乎没有)many(+复数复数n)很多很多(既用于否定句既用于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)much(+不可数不可数n)很多很多(既用于否定句既用
28、于否定句,也用于肯定句也用于肯定句)afew(+复数n)几个=several/acoupleof few(+复数复数n)几乎没有几乎没有（用于否定句（用于否定句)quiteafew+复数n,相当多的;veryfew;onlyafewWehavemanyclassesandhavetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday,soeachofusfeeltired.ShecanspeaklittleEnglish,justafewsimplewords.Heisamanoffewwords,sohehasfewfriendsShegotquiteafewpresentsbutlittlepleasurefromit.