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1、国家开放大学电大本科桥梁工程期末试题及答案（试卷号：1196）2021-2022国家开放大学电大本科桥梁工程期末试题及答案（试卷号：1196） 一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案，将正确答案序号填入括号内每 小题2分共计40分） 1标志着我国桥梁建设达到世界先进水平的长江大桥是( )。 A武汉长江大桥 B南京长江大桥 C芜湖长江大桥 D九江长江大桥 2梁式桥、拱式桥、悬索桥、组合体系桥等桥梁类别的划分方法是( )。 A按用途来划分 B按结构体系和受力特性 C按主要承重结构所用材料 D按跨越障碍的性质 3梁式桥设计洪水位上相邻两个桥墩（桥台）之间的净距是指( )。 A计算跨径 B净跨径 C标准跨径
2、 D桥梁全长 4在城市桥梁设计中，汽车荷载可分为车辆荷载和车道荷载，用于桥梁的横隔梁、行车道板、桥台或挡土墙后土压力的计算是( )。 A车辆荷载和车道荷载 B车辆荷载 C车道荷载 D不确定 5桥梁设计工作的预可行性研究工作的重点是( )。 A建桥的必要性以及宏观经济上的合理性 B研究和制定桥梁的技术标准 C拟定桥梁的结构形式 D绘制施工详图，编制施工组织设计和施工预算 6下列各项有关桥面铺装说法错误的一项是( )。 A桥面铺装可以分布车轮荷载 B水泥混凝土铺装造价低，耐磨性差，养生期短 C沥青混凝土铺装重量轻，维修养护方便，但易变形 D桥面铺装是桥面系的组成部分 7当气温变化时，梁的长度也随之
3、变化，因此在梁与梁之间、梁与桥台之间应设置( )。 A桥面铺装 B伸缩缝 C栏杆 D安全带 8从预应力混凝土连续梁（板）桥受力特点来分析p ，连续梁（板）的立面应采取( )。 A.变高度 B等高度 C变宽度 D等宽度 9预应力混凝土梁中弯起筋的作用主要体现在( )。 A.抗剪作用 B抗弯作用 C抗拉作用 D抗压作用 10以下关于装配式简支T梁描述正确的是( )。 A能承受正负弯矩，适合超静定结构 B受压区域的混凝土得到较大的挖空，但钢筋不好布置 C类似于“T”字形，稳定性不好，不利于推广 D受拉区域的混凝土得到较大的挖空，更好地承受正弯矩 11预应力T型梁中下马蹄的作用是( )。 A调节截面形
4、心轴的位置 B增加施工的稳定性 C便于布置钢束 D增加截面的抗剪面积 12关于横向分布系数的计算方法，目前基本上分成两大类。其中，一类是把桥梁结构化成梁格系模型，按结构力学杆件系统的途径求解主横梁内力。以下哪一项不属于这一类方法？( ) A杠杆法、偏心受压法 BG-M法 C弹性支承连续梁法 D横向铰接梁法、横向刚接梁法 13将横隔梁假定为无限刚性是( )计算方法。 A偏心受压法 B刚接梁法 C杠杆法 D铰接板（梁）法 14.荷载横向分布系数计算的诸方法中，适用于计算荷载位于支点截面处的横向分布系数的方法是( )。 A偏心受压法 B刚接梁法 C杠杆法 D铰接板（梁）法 15板式橡胶支座中的薄钢板
5、或钢丝网能( )。 A阻止橡胶侧向膨胀 B增大摩阻力 C减小摩阻力 D增大承压面积 16.当不受使用条件限制时，从设计和方便施工两方面考虑，多孔拱桥宜采用( )。 A等跨不同型方案 B不等跨不同型方案 C等跨同型方案 D不同型大跨径方案 17拱桥主要承受( )。 A压力作用 B拉力作用 C剪力作用 D弯矩作用 18.无铰拱的超静定次数为( )。 A1 B2 C3 D4 19.如果按结构基本体系分类，则斜拉桥属于( )。 A梁式桥 B刚架桥 C悬索桥 D组合体系桥 20跨越能力最大的桥梁类型是( )。 A斜拉桥 B悬索桥 C简支梁桥 D拱桥 二、判断题（以表示正确，以表示错误，将判断结果填入括号
6、中，每小题2分，共计20分） 21.拱式桥是推力结构，其墩台、基础必须承受强大的拱脚推力。( ) 22.水泥混凝土铺装造价低，耐磨性好，但养生期长。( ) 23.桥梁分为上部结构（桥跨结构）和下部结构，上部结构包括桥墩、桥台、基础。( ) 24.横隔梁在装配式T形梁中起着保证各根主梁相互连接成整体的作用，它的刚度越大桥梁的整体性就越好。( ) 25梁桥横向力计算时，杠杆法不适用于双肋式梁桥。( ) 26.主梁的抗扭能力大者，在连续单向板跨径相同时，与主梁的抗扭能力小者相比，其跨中正弯矩小。( ) 27简支梁利用静定平衡条件就可计算恒载作用下的内力值。( ) 28空腹拱的恒载分布与实腹拱的荷载分
7、布相同，其恒载压力线完全可以用连续函数方程来表达。( ) 29肋拱与板拱的主要不同之处，是用两条或多条相互分离的拱肋代替拱圈。( ) 30斜拉桥支承体系悬臂施工中不需要额外设置临时支点，施工较方便。( ) 三、简答题（简要解答下列各题，每小题8分，共计40分） 31.简述桥梁的组成结构。 答： 桥梁分为上部结构（桥跨结构）和下部结构。（4分） (1)上部结构（桥跨结构）是在线路遇到障碍而中断时，跨越障碍的主要承重结构。（2分） (2)下部结构，包括桥墩、桥台、墩台基础，是支承桥跨结构并将恒载和车辆等荷载传至地基的建筑物。（2分） 32.桥面铺装的主要功用是什么？ 答：桥面铺装主要功用有三点：
8、(1)防止车辆轮胎或履带直接磨损桥面板；（3分） (2)保护主梁免受雨水侵蚀；（3分） (3)分布车轮集中荷载。（2分） 33.预应力混凝土连续梁桥是超静定结构，具有一般超静定结构的哪些特点？ 答：预应力混凝土连续梁桥是超静定结构，具有一般超静定结构的特点： (1)在相同条件下，结构内力比静定结构小，且内力状态比较合理。（3分） (2)使结构外形更为合理。连续梁结构刚度大，整体性好，桥面连续平顺，伸缩缝少，对行车有利，尤其能适应高速行车。（3分） (3)在基础沉降，温度变化等外因作用下，将引起结构内力的变化。（2分） 34拱桥的优缺点有哪些？ 答：拱桥的优点主要有：跨越能力较大；材料的适应性强
9、；节约钢材；桥形美观；耐久性好，养护维修费用省。（4分） 拱桥的缺点主要有：自重较大，结构比梁桥复杂；建筑高度大；下部结构负担重，对地基要求高；军事适应性差。（4分） 35.斜拉桥设计计算的困难性主要反映在哪些方面？ 答：斜拉桥结构设计计算复杂困难，其主要原因为： (1)斜拉桥系高次超静定组合结构，计算复杂。（2分） (2)斜拉桥非线性影响突出，主要有斜索垂度效应、结构大变形效应和塔、梁弯矩轴力组合 效应等。（2分） (3)配合施工过程控制需进行倒拆法与正装法结构分析p 。（2分） (4)斜拉桥动力分析p 需采用空间结构进行。（2分） 试卷代号：1162 中央广播电视大学2021-2021学年
10、度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语(2) 试题2021年1月第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。1.Can you help me clear up the me?- A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at allC.Yes, thatll be all right D.No problem 3.Is it going to be warm ne_t week?- A.Yes, it is B.I dont believe it C.
11、No, it hasnt D.It changes all the time 5.15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。6.Unfortunately the poor girl cant do anything but - .all her belongings at alow price.A.to sell B.sellingC.sell D.sold 7.They were asked to avoid _any water which had not been boiled.A.drinking B.to d
12、rink C.having D.not to be drunk 8.John was bored, _he left his life in England.A.in addition B.so C.however D.furthermore 9.She is very careful.She _very few mistakes in her work.A.does B.takesC.makes D.gets 10.The workers are busy _models for the e_hibition.A.to make B.with makingC.being making D.m
13、aking 11.- you change your mind, I wont be able to help you.A.When B.UnleC.While D.So 12.We are going to have our office _to make room for a new engineer.A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged D.rearranging 13.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _- last night.A.must rajn B.was rain
14、ing C.may be raining D.must have rained 14.Do you think Tommy is- the truth? A.sayingB.tellingC.speaking D.talking 15.John fell asleep _he was listening to the music.A.while B.before C.after D.as soon as 第三部分完形填空（每题2分，共20分）16carrots can be made to taste of chocolate andles can be made 18 .Some food
15、that ears the same has been 19 improved, fore_le, fish can be made to grow faster.Should we be pleased or worried? Will newtechnology bring benefits, or is it about to g0 20 control? Geically engineered foods are produced by taking geic material from one speciesand transferring it 21 another.For e_l
16、e, an 6antifreeze gene which earsnaturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries 22 they dont freezein cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them 23 morequickly.Some claim great advantages.They point out that crops can be made stronger and mored
17、isease resistant, _24 _pesticides can be reduced.They also maintain that food can bemade more nutritiousor that the fat content can 25 to make it healthier.16.A.are B.were C.is D.be 17.A.such that B.such as C.so that D.so as 18.A.more red B.much red C.redder D.reder 19.A.scientifically B.science C.s
18、cientific D.scientifical 20.A.under B.into C.out D.out of 21.A.for B.to C.out D.into 22.A.such that B.in order to C.so that D.so as to 23.A.grow B.to grow C.grog D.grown 24.A.because B.cause C.result D.so 25.A.be reducing B.be reduced C.reduced D.reducing 第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26I gue you can put u
19、p with a mattre on the floor! 26.This paage is a letter of .A.an informal invitation B.a formal invitation C.thanks D.plaint 27.When Charles writes, Im sorry about the lack of warning, he means that he is sorry that _.A: he did not give Bob a warning when Bob was unce in danger B.he is short of mone
20、y, so he is not able to help Bob C.he should have given Bob a warning when he is in difficulty D.he is not able to write this letter to Bob earlier 28.Charles and his wife decided to hold the house-warming party9 mainly because A.they decided to have a rest after being busy moving to the new house B
21、.they still had a little money left to afford the party C.the new motorway was open D.they wanted to meet their friends very much 29.From the letter we know that the new house that Charles moved in is B.two hours away from downtown A.very big _ C.in a new housing estate D.easy to find in the map 30.
22、In the sentence Barbara and l hope that you can make it, the phrase make it is used to say that Bob can A.manage to attend their party B.find their new house in two hours C.do the trip from Bedford to Flinders D.put up with a mattre on the floor 短文理解2 Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German
23、mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disear physically.The paper notes and gold coins may soon bee curious collections of the pre-electronic age.Digital money can replace every use of cash money.It is true that electronic money has been around for decades.Each week billions of institutional dolla
24、rs flow through the Interbank Payment System through telephone wires and satellite links.But in the 21st century, entirely new forms of digital moneywill bee the meansof most personal financial trade.What a great change this will be! Digital credit cards, smart cards, electronic wallets and electron
25、ic checks will change our way of life in the 21st century.They are efficient and easy to use.Customers will not take money with them when they go shopping.They will pay theirbills from a smart cell phone or they will buy their coffee by using a digital credit card.How convenient it will be! And how
26、easily people will do their shopping in such a way! With so many changes these days, the Inter will help speed up the end of cash.In Europe, some banks have been offering people electronic cash since late last year.Customers can withdraw money from their accounts through the banks website and store
27、their ines on their home PCs.As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers bank accounts are recorded.Since customers can use electronic cash to buy things on the Inter, electronic cash will transform the Inter into a global marketplace for everything.It is going to have a very big impact on o
28、ur lives.The low cost of puter and munications has created a worldwide medium not just for finance, but also for many other things in our life.The Age of Inter has brought e-businees to our life, which perhaps will form the backbone of our economy.Mom and Pop can go global40小题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是
29、否正确(T)、错误(F),还是文字中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。 阅读理解3 CETACEANS: FACT FILE There are over 80 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises, known collectively as cetaceans, throughout the world.They e in all shapes and sizes.Here are some facts and figures about these incredible animals.1.Largest The blue whale is the
30、heaviest and Jongest animal on Earth.The average adult length is 25m for males and 26.2m for females, with body weights of 90-120 tonnes.2.Smallest Hectors dolphin is the worlds shortest cetacean.They may be only l.2m long when fully grown.3.Largest etite A blue whale eats up t0 4 tonnes of krill da
31、ily.This is equivalent to eating a fully grown African elephant every day.4.Deepest Dive The sperm whale is believed to dive deeper than any other cetacean.They have been known todive as deep as 20_m.5.Longest Lived One bowhead whale is reported to have been 130 years old when it died.6.Heaviest Bra
32、in The sperm whale has the worlds heaviest brain which can weigh up t0 9.2kg.This pares with the average l.4kg for the brain of an adult human.7.Most Endangered The baiji dolphin, or Chinese river dolphin, is the rarest dolphin in the world and isreported to be endangered.It lives in the Yangtze Riv
33、er in China.Conservation measures arebeing taken by the Chinese to save it.Questions 36-40: 36.Hectors dolphin is the smallest fish in the world.37.Blue whales eat as much as an African elephant does every day.38.Some whales can live for as long as 130 years.39.Whales are cleverer than humans.40.The
34、 brain of a sperm whale can be over 6 times heavier than a human one.第五部分书面表达（20分）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an email to口businepartner named Robert in London about your trip ne_t week.You should write at least 80words and base your email on the Chinese outline
35、 below: 1接受邀请下星期到英国观光旅游。2希望对方能到机场接你。 3告诉对方你抵达的日期和航班号等。 试卷代号：1 1 62 中央广播电视大学2021-2021学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语(2) 试题答案及评分标准第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1B 2D 3D 4A 5C 第二部分词汇与结构（共计20分每小题2分）6C 7A 8B 9C 10D11B 12C13D 14B 15A第三部分完形填空（共计20分，每小题2分）16A17.B 18C 19A 20D21B 22C 23A 24D 25B第四部分 阅读理解（共计30分，每小题2分） 26A27.D 28B
36、29C 30.A31C 32A 33D 34B 35C36.F 37.F 38.T 39.NG 40.T第五部分 写作（共计20分） Sle Dear Robert, Im very pleased to accept the kind invitation you e_tended in your last email.Implanning to spend my holiday in Britain ne_t week.Since this is my first visit to your country, I hope you will be able to meet me at the airport.My flight details-the plane leaves Beijing at 12:30 ne_t Thursday and arrives in London at 14:30 (local time).The flight number is CA1347.Thank you and looking forward to meeting you in London.Linlin读了真的有收获！之前的视野的确很狭窄。第 11 页 共 11 页