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1、高中英语语法精讲：被动语态使用注意事项及习题辨析英语主动语态变被动语态的三点注意英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词b8+过去分词”构成。一、英语主动语态变被动语态的基本方法主动语杰变为被动语态时，通常是将主动语杰的庭语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动向中用作状语)。如:A thief stole my wallet.小偷偷了我的钱包。(主动语态My wallet was stolen by a thief.我的钱包被小偷偷了。(被动语态)二、各种
2、时态被动语态的构成方法1.一般现在时的被动语态。其基本结构为“amm (is,are) + 过去分词”。如:What is the flower called? 这花什么名字?English is taught in most schools.大多数学校都教英语。2.一般过去时的被动语态。其基本结构为“was (were)+ 过去分词”。如:He was given every chance to get the post.他得到一切可能的机会去获得个职位When she was asked why she was absent for the party, no answer was for
3、thcoming.当问到她为什么没来参加晚会时，她不作任何回答3.一般将来时的被动语态。其基本结构为“wil be + 过去分词”。如:This is a chance that I wil be chosen for the team.有可能我被选拔到队里As a citizen, you must obey the law or you wil be punished.作为一个公民，你必须遵守法律，否则你将会受到惩罚4.过去将来时的被动语态。其基本结构为“would be +过去分词”。如:She little thought she would be rewarded.她一点没想到她会受
4、到酬谢。He then asked when Mr Gibert would be alowed to go home. 然后他又问，什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家5.现在进行时的被动语态。其基本结构为“amisare) being +过去分词”。如:The road is being repaired.路正在修整。I think we are being followed.我想我们被人跟踪了。6.过去进行时的被动语态。其基本结构为“was(were) being +过去分词”。如:The road was being repaired. We had to make a detour. 正
5、在修路，我们得统行。7.现在完成时的被动语态。其基本结构为“has (have) been +过去分词”。如:Enough has been said on this topic.关于这个题目说得已够多的了。Our schoolhas been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备8.过去完成时的被动语态。其基本结构为“had been +过去分词”。如:The host was quite annoyed when he found out that his things on the bookshelves had been disturbed.
6、主人发现他#架上的东西被弄乱了，很是生气。The next moring, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. 第二天早晨，他发现门都被椅子堵塞起来了，而且家具都搬动过了。注:将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构，将来进行时和过去将来进行时都没有被动结构，完成进行时也没有被动结构。三、含情态动词的被动语态当被动语态与情态动词结合使用时，其结构形式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，根据情况，情态动词后的 be 有时还可用完成式形式。That tooth sho
7、uld be pulled out.那颗牙齿应该拔掉。This kind of garment should be washed carefully 这种衣服应该小心地洗涤。The article must have been written by a woman.这篇文章一定是一个女子写的。They should have been given more books to read.本应多给他们一些书读的。含有情态动词的被动语态被动语态有时可与情态动词连用，构成“情态动词+be +过去分”这样的形式。英语中比较常用的情态动词有can,could,may, might,should,must,
8、 need等。如 :This can be discussed later. 这可以以后再讨论The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了All the invitations must be sent out today. 所有请帖必须今天发出有时情态动词也可能是否定式。如 :He can t be understood.他让人无法理解The second point needn t be discussed today.第二点今天不必讨论四、被动语态的使用场合1.由于语义的需要当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用bv短语。如:I was b
9、orn in 1960.我生于1960年根据常识可知，每个人都是由自己的母亲生下来的，所以句子完全没有必要使用主动语态。They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低句子主要是想突出“他们工资太低”这一事实，没必要指出工资是谁支付，所以用了被动语态2.由于强调的需要突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用bv短语。如:The time-table has been changed.时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”These books are written especially for children.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”3.
10、出于礼貌的需要有时我们使用被动语态出于礼貌而避免说出动作的执行者。如 :You i1 be contacted.我们会和你联系的句子使用被动语态，是为避免说出“我们”，语气比用We 1 contact you更委婉Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观人士请勿摸展品句子使用被动语态，也是为避免说出“我们”，比用We request you not to.更客气4.由于句式的需要有些动词在某些表达中习惯上要用被动语态。如 :He is said to be a good teacher 把说他是一名好教师sb (sth)is sai
11、d to.为英语中的习惯表达，意为“据说”“被认为”也可换成It s said that.句式。如:It s said that he is a good teacher. 据说他是一名好教师。两类常用被动句型的转换英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如:People believed that she is honest.大家相信她是诚实的。+Its believed that she is honest.大家相信她是诚实的。+ She is believed to be honest.大家相信她是诚实的。比较上面两类被动向型可以发现，一类是“it+b
12、e+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前类向型中that以句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动向型的动词有assume,believe,expect, fear, feel, know, presume,report,say; suppose, thinkunderstand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化):Its expected that he will come soon. / He is expected to come soon.预计他很快就会来。Its expected that he has come. / He is
13、 expected to have come. 估计他会已经来了Its known that is a good singer. / He is known to be a good singer. 大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。Its known that was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手,被动语态典型陷阱题分析请看下面一道考题:Do you like the material?” “Yes, it very softA. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. i
14、s felt易错陷阱此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel选用被动语态思路分析 其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 eel在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子(答案均为D):(1) Her forehead hot. Im afraid she is illA. is feelingC. is feltB. feltD. feels(2) The new school has been completed. It very beautifulA. is lookedC.
15、has lookedB.lookedD.looks(3) The dish nice, but the mnilk sourA . is smelt, is smmeltC. smells, is smeltB. is smelt, smellsD. smelis, smells(4) The story of his life interesting.A. is soundedChas soundedB. is soundingD. sounds2. He was angry your work. He said that heat allA. at, didnt satisfyC. at wasnt satisfiedB. to, didnt satisfyD. to. wasnt satisfied易错陷阱几个干扰项均有可能被误选。思路分析 最佳答案为C。be angy at (about) sth 为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about) 换成 to这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 tsatst，这是是不对的，因为，stst在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。学科网（北京）股份有限公司