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1、高考英语学习提升课堂：根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义言外之意题普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版 2020年修订）中规定，根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义是选择性必修阶段学生需要掌握的语言技能之一，同时这也是高考英语阅读理解的考查技能之一。考查这种技能的题型一般我们称之为推理判断题，又可细分为言外之意题、语篇类型题、观点态度题、写作意图题及文章寓意题等。我们结合高考真题，就如何解答言外之意题进行相关技巧的点拨。言外之意题要求考生在理解原文信息和线索的基础上，对作者未言明或未知的信息，经过分析和思考，进行推理和判断，从而得出答案。解答言外之意题的技巧如下：1. 立足已知推断未知，正确选项一定能在原
2、文中找到依据或理由；2. 直接陈述文章信息、对文章内容进行断章取义、对原文信息进行了增补和篡改、原文未提及的信息、仅针对文章部分信息进行了推断概括的选项多为干扰项；3. 忌主观臆断，以自己的想法代替作者的观点；4. 忌过度推断，不人为将问题复杂化，进行多步推断。例1：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷C篇，保留原题号，下同）.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell
3、 admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral ( 葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boat
4、s stuck miles from the sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了Tom Bissell写的一部关于咸海和自己旅行经历的著作，该著作是对乌兹别克斯坦生活的快速观察。10. 本题应选B项。正确答案Eventful（adj. full of things that happen, especially exciting, imp
5、ortant or dangerous things）是立足原文信息推断出来的内容。根据第三段的内容可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦期间，欣赏了当地的建筑奇观（admires the architectural wonders）、亲身经历了当自己涉嫌毒品交易时，当地警方采取的处理措施（gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing）、参加过一场奇特的葬礼（attends a mountain funeral followed by a strange drinking party）、还遭遇过沙尘暴、疾病和渔船搁浅等困
6、扰（is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea）。以上桩桩件件的事情表明，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦旅行时发生了很多事情。例2：（2020年高考英语全国I卷D篇）.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow ( 发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a fain
7、t light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strabo said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity con
8、sumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source ( 电源) such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.34. What can we expe
9、ct of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物对人类社会的积极意义，同时呈现了美国麻省理工学院的工程师们所研发的会发光的植物。34. 本题应选C项。正确答案是基于原文第三段中的T
10、he technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps推断而来。新技术（发光植物）能够让植物为房间提供照明，将树木变为可自行充电的路灯。再根据最后一段中的Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy可知，发光植物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。由以上信息可推知，发光植物在人类生活中的各种应用无疑可以
11、有效减少能源的消耗。A项中的energy production为原文未提到的内容；B项中的transmit electricity to the home虽然在最后一段提到相关信息（transmission），但这却不是发光植物的功能；D项中的take the place of power plants（发电厂）对原文信息进行了增补，原文仅在最后一段提及power plant，并未谈到发光植物可以替代发电厂。例3：（2020年高考英语全国II卷C篇）.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan s
12、ays, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is mor
13、ally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal. B. Its risky.C. Its harmful. D. Its traditional.【分析】本文是说明文。文章以美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀开篇，倡导人们穿海狸鼠皮制作的衣服，以保持生态平衡
14、。31. 本题应选B项。正确答案是基于原文最后一段中的Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” 推断得出的答案。Morgan认为在纽约要给人们一种无负罪感的选择（毫无心理负担地将皮草制品穿在身上），而不必担心被人泼颜料，这是一件大事。由此可推知，Morgan认为在
15、纽约穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情。例4：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇）.In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometime
16、s are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?A. They may be badly treated.B. They should take further training.C. They could be traded illegally.D. They would lose popularity.【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章开篇介绍了猩球崛起这部电影没有使用真正的猿参与
17、拍摄，而是运用高科技创造了数字化的猿，由此引出本文话题好莱坞流行使用真的动物参与电影拍摄，而这些动物没有得到很好的对待，由此引发了动物权益保护主义者们的关注。27. 本题应选A项。正确选项They may be badly treated是基于原文最后一段中的In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the offset training and living conditions that are raising concerns进行推断而得出的。有时候，动物权益保护主义者对摄影棚中动物的待遇没那么多担忧，反而是动物在片场外的训练和其生存环境让他们感到不安，由此可推知，这些动物演员可能遭到了虐待。B项中的further training对原文中的off-set training进行了信息增补；C、D项中的traded illegally、lose popularity均是原文未提及的信息，属于无中生有。学科网（北京）股份有限公司