《新概念英语语法表：简单句与并列句复合句.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念英语语法表：简单句与并列句复合句.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、新概念英语语法表：简单句与并列句，复合句简单句的五种基本句型句型种类 主语谓语部分谓语动词表语宾语宾补S+ViPatarrived S+Vt+OShe playsthe pianoS+Vt+CTheyare(系动词)heroes.S+Vt+Ino+DoI offeredhim dollarsS+Vt+O+OcAnnmademecry 句子成分详解一览表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语 The Subject 表示句子说的是什么人，或什么事名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子等。1.We study in No.7 Middle School.2.Jim is an educated chi
2、ld.谓语The predicate 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当1.I expect you to take me.2.Lucy is dancing under the tree.3.Her parents hate telling lies.宾语The object 表示动作、行为的对象同主语的充当词类1.Both of the girls like Spanish.2.Did she call me just now?表语The predicative与系动词连用，一起构成谓语、说明主语的性质特征同主语的充当词类1.Her mother is a chemist.
3、2.The two states were at war then.3.What he said sounds reasonable.定语The attribute 用来修饰名词或代词形、代、数、名、副、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语1.The black sweater is mine.2.What is his fathers name？3.We have nine lessons every day.状语The adverbial修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示1.The miners work very h
4、ard.2.She often helps Mike.3.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语The object complement宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系一般由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当1.They named the baby Lily.2.She always keeps the house clean every day.句子分类一览表分类说明例句按结构分类简单句The simple sentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。即：一套主谓关系1. She goes to work every d
5、ay.2. Tom and I found her there.3. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句The compound sentence由并列连词（如：and ,so,but, or等）把两个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子1. I often help her and she helps me ,too.2. Harry likes eggs,but he doesnt like chicken.复合句The complex sentence由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成的句子1. I believe you are right.2. If he
6、studies harder, he will pass the exam.按用途分类陈述句The declaratives sentence用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。1. Theyre practising English.2. Mother doesnt like dogs.祈使句The imperative sentence 用来表示请求、命令等。谓语动词用原形。有肯定、否定两种形式。1. Keep quiet,please.2. Dont read in the sun.3. Lets be friends.感叹句The exclamatorysentence用来表达强烈的感
7、情1. What a hot day it is!2. How fast Liu Xiang runs!一般疑问句The general qusetion用yes 和no 来回答的句子，通常把助动词be ,have 或情态动词放在主语前1. Is she a student？2. Can you play the piano?3. Do they like basketball?特殊疑问句The special question用疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用yes 和no 回答。1. Who is on duty today?2. How did he get the news?3. Where
8、 does he live ?选择疑问句The alternative question提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择，两部分用or连接，其结构是：“一般疑问句+or+要选择部分？”1. Is she playing or working?2. Which would you like ,tea or coffee?反意疑问句The disjunctive question在陈述句后附上一个简短问句，表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽然有一定的见解，但没有把握，提出相反的疑问，希望得到对方证实。其结构是：“前肯后否，前否后肯”1. Work is a bag part of your life
9、 ,isnt it ?2. You dont want to stay here,do you ?3. Dont be so noisy, will you ?感叹句（Exclamatory sentence）与祈使句（Imperative sentence）类别结构例句备注以What 引导What +a/an+adj.+ 单数可数名词+主语+谓语！1. What a silly question he asked!2. What an interesting story (it is) !1. 在口语中，后面的主语，谓语可以省略。2. What 感叹句的中心词是名词，但名词前可以加形容词等来
10、修饰。3. How“adj+a/an+单数名词”，但不能接“Adj+复数或不可数名词”What +(adj)+ 复数名词+主语+谓语！1. What lovely girls they are!2. What beautiful flowers they are !3. What fools you are!What +adj.+ 不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！1. What fine weather (it is) today!2. What good advice she gave!How 引导How +adv./adj.+主语+谓语！1.How cool it was yesterday!
11、2.How hard the students study!其他形式有时陈述句、一般疑问句、单词或短语也可以用作感叹句1. She is such a nice girl!2. Isnt the story interesting!3. Wonderful!4. Help !5. Lovely day,isnt it!注意1. 感叹句有时可以用How和What来转换，但这只能适合于单数可数名词的情况。2. fun, advice ,information,news,weather等不可数名词或复数名词前，即使其前有形容词来修饰，也不能加a/an.感叹句的结构与特点祈使句结构简表及用法常见形式例
12、句肯定形式Vi（+副词）1. Stop! Sit down! Get away!2. Come here,everyone!Vt+宾语1. stop talking!2. Give it to your sister!Be+ adj.1. Be careful!2. Be reasonable, Mary. It wasnt my fault.3. Be sure to turn off the light!否定形式（Dont/Never +V）1. Dont take it away!2. Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today!
13、Let 结构1. Let me try!2. Let him not waste time!3. Lets be frank with each other!有主语结构（以示强调）（You+V）1. You clean the blackboard!2. John ,you be quiet!加强语气结构（do/does/did+V.）1. Do come ,please! 2. Do be brave!2. Tom did tell me the news!无动词祈使句1. Silence! 2.No smoking! 3.No entry!注意：祈使句与and 或or 等连用，可以表示条件
14、。如： Work hard,and youll succeed. Dont move ,or Ill fire!反意疑问句（Tag questions）1.附加问句的肯定与否定陈述部分附加疑问部分例句hardly, few, little,no, not, never,nobody,nothing,seldom,nowhere等否定词或半否定词 肯定式1. Nobody came here while i was out ,did they ?2. Theres little rice at home ,is there ?3. Dave can hardly cook,can he ?no
15、one ,no body, one ,nothing,neither等作宾语多用肯定式也可用否定形式1. peter has nothing to say ,does(nt) he ?2. You got nothing from her,did(nt) you?含有un-, in-,im-,dis-, -less等否定前、后缀构成的派生词否定形式1. Thats unfair ,isnt it ?2. The boy is hopeless,isnt he?3. She dislikes pets,doesnt she?2. 一些特殊句式的附加疑问句陈述部分句式附加问句部分例句I am.ar
16、ent IIm your friend,arent I?I wish.may II wish to have a look,may I?Lets (表建议，包括说着)shall we (shant we)Lets sing an English song, shall we?Let us （表允许，不包括说话者）will you(wont you) Let us make it by ourselves,will you?Let me /him/ themwill youLet me do it again,will you ?Let him join us,will you?表示邀请、请求的
17、祈使句will/ wont you Come here this evening, will you?You will speak English,wont you?否定的祈使句（表示请求）will/ cant you Dont make a noise , will/can you?感叹句用一般现在时be 的形式What fine weather ,isnt it ?并列句与邻近的分句一致Mary is a nice girl, but she doesnt like English,does she?主从复合句多与主句的主、谓语一致Jim wouldnt go if it rained,
18、would he?I dont think/believe/guess.+宾语从句与从句的主，谓语一致，且用肯定形式I dont think this story is funny,is it?I dont believe he knows it, does he?So., or., oh.前后两部分一致（前否后也否）He is Michael Jordan,or is he?3. 附加部分与陈述部分主语不一致的情况陈述部分主语附加部分主语例句this,that ,anything,something,nothing,everything，不定式，动名词（短语），从句it 1. This /T
19、hat is your sister,isnt it?2. Everything seems all right,doesnt it ?3. Nothing is serious,is it?4. To learn Japanese isnt easy, is it?5. What she said was true,wasnt it?some（none）of.it /they1. Some of the boys have left,havent they?2. None of the food was delicious,was it? these/thosetheyThese /Thos
20、e are not parrots,are they?anybody ,someone, everyone,either,nobody,each of.no one,one,neitherhe/they1. Everyone knows this,dont they/doesnt he?2. Each of boys had an apple,didnt he /they?3. Nobody saw him,did they?4. No one called me just now,did they?复数代词oneone/heOne cant always be young,can one/h
21、e?the +形容词以及由both .and , either.or, neither.nor, and, not only.but also., or 等连接的主语复数代词1. The poor had no right to vote then, did they ?2. Both Rose and Mary left,didnt they ?3. Neither you or I am wrong, are we?4. 附加问句部分与陈述部分谓语不一致的情况陈述部分谓语附加部分谓语例句have 不作“有”讲do (does/did)1. They all had a good time,
22、didnt they?2. We have to say goodbye,dont we?need/dare做实义动词do1. he needs a lot of money,doesnt he?2. Ive never dared to ask her,have I?must (必须) neednt (不必)We must finish it today, neednt we?cant (不可能)表示推测根据cant 后的动词选用相应的形式1. The person cant be an inspector, is he?2. They cant have finished it now,
23、have they? must+be 对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时处理1. Ann looks pale. She must be ill,isnt she?2. The boys must be playing football on the playground now, arent they?must+完成时表示对过去情况的推测 作一般过去时的附加疑问句处理1. The interviewers must have come yesterday,didnt they?2. He must have been there then, wasnt he?must+完成时用来推测
24、过去的动作持续到现在 按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理His cousin must have lived here at least ten years,hasnt he ?used to+ d动词原形didnt/usednt + 主语 He used to live in the town, usednt/didnt he?语法讲义二、状语从句状语从句在句中起状语的作用，修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由从属连词引导，与主句相接。状语从句放在句首时，常在其后加上逗号，若放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。种类连接词例句注意事项时间状语从句When /by the time /wher
25、ever;once,every/each time;as soon as=hardly/scarely.when=no sooner.than;the moment/minute =immediately/instantly;while/as; after;since;until/till1. Once ha has made up his mind, nothing can change it.2. While we are young,we should work hard.3. Im going to talk with you as soon as I finish my work.4
26、. He didnt go to bed last night until he finished his work.5. As she grew older,she began to go deaf.主“将”从“现”。when 强调“特定时间”，while表示的是时间段，有时还有对比的含义，as 用于口语，强调“同时”。地点状语where; wherever1. please stay where you are.2. I may go wherever I like.原因状语because; as /for; since/now thatseeing that /as considerin
27、g (that) 1. Since no one else is against it, well pass the law.2. As she is not well today, Ill go myself.3. Seeing as were going the same way, Ill give you a lift.because引导的从句一般在主句之后，且主句不可再用连词so; because语气最强，since较弱，as次之，for最弱。比较状语从句than as.as not as /so .as1. It is warmer in spring than ( it is)in
28、 winter.2. I get up as early as my parents do every morning.3. He isnt as tall as Bill.4. Liu Xiang runs much faster than I do.as和than引导从句，常省去与主句中相同部分，留下相比较的部分；常用替代动词do等形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。目的状语so that =in order that for fear thatthat(以便)in case1. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus to Maca
29、o.2. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.表示目的的so that=in order that , 后常接may或should,could,would等。结果状语so.that such.that1. I was so excited that I couldnt go to sleep.2. She spoke in such a low voice that we couldnt hear her at all.注意so和such后的搭配词so+adj./adv.such+(adj.)+n.条件状语if; unles
30、s ; as/so long as on condition that; suppose that; in case1. Hell talk with me if he has time tomorrow.2. You will fail in the exam unless you work harder.3. Stay as long as you like.4. Send me a message in case you have any difficulty.从句中的动词时态不可用将来时，只能用现在或过去时来表示将来时方式状语as if =as though as1. We heard
31、 a noise, as if someone were breathing.2. It looks as though it is going to rain this morning.3. She will do as she is told.as if /as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气让步状语(al)though; even if/though; no matter what/who/which/how.1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same.2
32、. They kept on working, though it was raining.3. No matter how difficult (it may be), we must go on.4. Young /Child as he is , he knows a lot.as 作“尽管”，用于让步状语从句时，需用部分倒装结构，而although/though则用正常语序。两者可和yet连用，但不可与but连用语法讲义三、宾语从句直接引语与间接引语类型直接引语改变方法间接引语陈述句1. I like sports.Jim said.2. He said to me,My sister
33、 has been here.用连词that 引导。从句中的人称、时态、时间、地点状语及指示代词等要作相应变化。1. Jim said that he liked sports.2. He told me that his sister had been there.一般疑问句1. He said to me ,Are you out of work?2. She said,Did you see Bob last night？用连词if 或whether引导，主句中谓语动词是said时，改为asked, 如无间接宾语， 可加一个（me,him,us等）。语序要用陈述句语序，句末用句号。1.
34、he asked whether /if I was out of work.2. She asked me if I had seen Bob the night before.特殊疑问句1. “Which do you want?”he asked me.2. Who has taken my record?Tom asked.用原来问句中的疑问词引导，注意从句需用陈述语序，句末用点号。1. He asked me which wanted.2. Tom asked who had taken his record. 祈使句1. She said to us ，Please come in
35、.2. The teacher said,Dont make a noise , boys.将原句中的动词原形变为不定式，并在前面加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是tell(ask,order) sb. to do sth. 如果祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前面加上not.1.she asked us to come in.2.The teacher told the boys not to make a noise.直接引语变间接引语的一般规律变项 分类直接引语要变项间接引语主句中的谓语动词时态一般现在时-一般过去时-现在完成时-现在进行时-一般将来时-过去完成时-一般过去时过去
36、完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时情态动词can/may-shall/will-must-could/mightshould/wouldhad to(must)指示代词this/these-that/those地点状语here-there方向性动词come/bring-go/take时间状语now-today-tonight-tomorrow-yesterday-last night(week)-next week/month-ago-the day before yesterday-the day after tomorrow-thenthat daythat nightthe
37、next(following) daythe day beforethe night (week) beforethe next week/monthbeforetwo days beforein two days time直接引语变间接引语不变的情况不变项说明直接引语间接引语时态所转述的是科学真理，格言等已有表示明确或具体过去的时间状语1. He said,Practice makes perfect.2. Nick said,I was born in May 1978.1. He said that practice makes perfect.2. Nick said that he
38、was born in May,1978.时间地点状语如转述发生在当地，当时的事，come，here today, this morning ，tomorrow等不必变。She said, Ill come here this evening.She said that she would come here this evening.语法讲义四、定语从句 在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导从句的词叫关系词。（放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；充当从句的某个成分；重复先行词的意义，故其数与先行词一致）关系词先行词从句成
39、分例句备注关系代词who人主语The boy who helped us is called Nick.Do you like the kid who is crying?Whom及that，which在从句中作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中常可省，但介词提前时，that不能用，whom,which不可省。whose=of whom指人；whose=of which指物 whom人宾语The girl whom I met looks like Lily.I know the actor to whom you just talked.that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machi
40、ne that can fly.I am not the fool that you thought me to be.which物主语，宾语This is a book which describes Canada.The pen (which) you lent me is missing.whose人，物定语The room whose window is red is mine.This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.关系副词when时间状语Dont forget the time when we met her.It happened on the day when I was out.When可用in/on which 代替where地点This is the place where (= at/in which ) we lived last year.I recently went to the town where(=in wh